我国搭建六大科技基础条件平台

为加快国家科技基础条件平台的建设，科技部、发改委、财政部、教育部近日共同下发了《“十一五”国家科技基础条件平台建设实施意见》。我国将以资源共享为核心，加快建设六大科技基础条件平台，以便为全社会科技进步与自主创新提供有效支撑。这六个国家科技基础条件平台分别是：     

国家科技平台标准体系框架解析

文章给出国家科技平台的标准体系模型,体系分类及其相互关系。根据我国科技资源共享国情的实际需求,提出国家科技平台标准体系框架,并阐述了平台基础标准、平台通用标准、平台专用标准的组成和涵义。     

以公共科技创新服务平台发展推动区域经济转型和产业升级

<正>为加快科技和产业的创新步伐,提升自主创新能力,近年来浙江省十分重视和加强对科技创新体制机制的建设,努力贯彻《2004-2010年国家科技基础条件平台建设纲要》精神,结合该省实际,按照"政府搭建平台,平台服务企业,企业自主创新"的平台建设总体要求,以及"整合、共享、服务、创新"的基本思路,建设了一批跨单位、跨部门、跨地区的公共科技基础条件平台、行业创新平台和区域创新平台等三类重大科     

标准文献共享服务平台建设及其运行成效

文章从标准文献服务的社会需求及存在的问题出发，论述了国家科技基础条件平台重点建设项目——标准文献共享服务平台建设的实施思路、总体目标、建设内容与方法，介绍了在“边建设边服务”的原则指导下的平台实际运行情况以及开放共享所取得的突出成效。     

标准制修订

正GB/T 30522-2014科技平台元数据标准化基本原则与方法本标准适用于科技平台元数据的框架、标准化原则与流程、扩展原则与方法、编写要求与描述方法。标准化适用于科技平台元数据的标准化。标准修订状况:本标准为首次制定。实施日期:2014年08月01日科技平台资源核心元数据本标准规定了科技平台资源核心元数据及其描述方法,核心元数据的扩展类型与规则,以及一致性要求。本标准适用于科技平台资源核心元数据的描述、发布和共享。标准修订状况:本标准为首次制定。GB/T 30523-2014     

科技创业赛事服务标准化研究

在大众创业、万众创新的时代,科技创业赛事已成为打造良好的创业创新生态环境的重要平台,而建立并优化赛事服务标准以提高服务质量是科技创业赛事发展的必经之路,科技创业赛事本身也为标准化理论研究与应用服务提供了难得的实践平台。本文阐述了科技创业赛事及科技创业赛事服务的概念,对科技创业赛事标准化的意义、赛事服务标准体系建设、科技创业赛事服务标准编制等做了研究。并进一步提出标准化建设中出现及需要解决的问题,印证科技创业赛事服务标准化是一条建设之路。     

标准制修订

<正>GB/T 30522-2014科技平台元数据标准化基本原则与方法本标准适用于科技平台元数据的框架、标准化原则与流程、扩展原则与方法、编写要求与描述方法。标准化适用于科技平台元数据的标准化。标准修订状况:本标准为首次制定。实施日期:2014年08月01日科技平台资源核心元数据本标准规定了科技平台资源核心元数据及其描述方法,核心元数据的扩展类型与规则,以及一致性要求。本标准适用于科技平台资源核心元数据的描述、发布和共享。标准修订状况:本标准为首次制定。GB/T 30523-2014     

创建科学的火电企业标准体系

企业发展离不开标准化，企业标准体系作为基础，为企业各项管理机制提供了平台，建立健全科学、有序的企业标准体系，是火电企业加快科技创新的必然选择。本文就张家口发电厂的标准化体系的建设、实施、成效展开论述。     

浅析科技条件平台对建设滨海新区科技创新体系的带动作用

一、科技条件平台是有力支撑我国科技创新体系建设的重要组成部分 科技条件平台是创新体系的重要组成部分．是服务于全社会科技进步与技术创新的基础支撑体系。近年来,通过中央和地方各个层面的国家科技基础条件平台（以下简称“科技平台”）建设。国家的战略性、公益性、基础性科技资源得以有效整合、集成和优化．资源开放共享程度不断提高。科技投入效率明显提升．产学研结合更加紧密,科技资源开放共享的社会氛围日益浓厚．有效地支撑了重大科技创新活动。有力地推动了经济和社会发展,对于当前应对国际金融危机具有长远的战略意义。     

关于城乡社区信息化标准化工作的思考与建议

城乡社区信息化建设是统筹城乡各项工作的基础平台,是建立以城带乡长效机制的重要支撑。文章在比较国内外信息化建设进展及特点的基础上,分析了我国社区信息化建设的特殊性。以及城乡统筹战略对社区信息化及其标准化的需求,从标准体系框架和标准化工作机制两方面对社区信息化标准化工作进行了思考。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.     

Internet professionals: job skills for an on-line age

The paper explores the increasing popularity of the Internet technology Singapore. It argues that the diffusion of Internet technology to South-East Asia would create new duties and responsibilities for human resource (HR) managers. One such duty is the identification of the skills which professional Internet staff would need to perform their work effectively in organizations. Using a triangulation research method, empirical study has identified the new professional Internet jobs which have emerged the IT industry in Singapore and the skills that professional Internet personnel require do their jobs effectively. Analysis of the findings indicates that professional Internet skills involve both technical and creative abilities and that, in explaining or defining professional Internet skills, it is necessary to use both the technical and the social conceptions of skill. This argument is based on the view that the creative skills include tacit skills so that a definition based solely on the technical conception of skill cannot capture the various dimensions of Internet skills. The implications of the research findings for human resource managers are raised.