Excel在项目投资动态盈亏平衡分析模型建立中的应用

一、投资项目动态盈亏平衡分析原理 投资项目的盈亏平衡分析是指根据投资项目产销量、成本和利润之间的关系,计算出投资项目不亏损不盈利的产销量及相关指标,从而判断项目的经营风险大小的方法。根据是否考虑资金的时间价值因素,可以将盈亏平衡分析分为静态分析和动态分析两种情况。     

管理会计工具及应用案例——综合环境与经济的全成本评估法(TCA)及应用

有效地运用管理会计工具来综合评价项目的经济与环境效益,满足利益相关者的需求,有利于企业及人类社会的可持续发展。文章详细介绍了全成本评估法的目标、流程、效果及意义,并通过案例分析说明全成本评估法能够综合考虑投资项目的环境影响与经济绩效,对项目进行科学的评价有利于环境绩效的改善。     

纳入环境因素的企业项目投资决策案例分析

我国企业在项目投资决策过程中,忽略了环境因素,在资本预算中没有考虑各项环境成本。文章结合MN公司的案例,探讨我国企业在项目投资决策和资本预算中未考虑环境成本因素的具体表现。建立纳入环境因素的项目投资决策机制,需要强化企业管理层的环境责任意识,加强企业环境会计核算,实施项目环境审计制度。     

模糊多级综合评价模型下的亚太国家投资环境研究

当前,我国经济发快速发展,矿产资源需求量不断攀升,国内现有的矿产资源储备及开采量不足以压对当前国家建设及居民日常生活需求,且综合考虑国家可持续发展能源战略,扩大海外投资,以此弥补我国自给能力不足已成为必然。国家企业及私人企业纷纷拓展海外市场,进行矿产资源投资。需以矿业资源环境、政治法律环境、经济环境、基础设施及双边关系为指标构建投资环境衡量指标,并对其进行有效评估。模糊多级综合评价模型压用于投资环境分析领域具有一定的可行性和有效性。文章以亚太国家为列对各国投资环境和投资潜力进行计算分析,为我国企业投资海外矿产资源提供一定的指导。     

高技术投资项目的多目标决策分析

高技术投资项目的风险决策在企业投资中具有非常重要的作用,是企业发展的核心和关键。本文分析了企业高技术投资项目单目标投资决策存在的不足,提出了多目标投资决策应考虑的指标及决策的程序,为决策者正确选择高技术投资项目提供了科学的理论依据和方法。     

房地产企业成本控制分析

一、房地产企业成本控制包含的问题 房地产行业的特殊性决定其面临较高的投资风险。房地产企业从事各个项目工程时,需要明确目标成本,然而一些单位在该环节中没能获取设计单位、成本部门以及财务机构的有效支持,没能全面了解地区市场环境、政策制度,对造价指标分析不透彻,令目标成本设立后没能实现有效分解以及科学执行。     

投资项目评价方法的比较分析

回顾了投资项目评价方法的发展,分析了现有评价方法之间的关系。然后,从投资项目的收益流、投资价值、投资成本、投资时机、影响因素以及应用范围等方面,对已有投资项目评价方法进行了比较分析。最后,通过将期权博弈方法与其它评价方法进行两两比较,讨论了期权博弈方法的优越性,指出期权博弈方法是目前战略投资环境中评价项目价值最可靠、最合理的方法。     

基于层次分析法的投资方案决策研究

企业进行投资方案决策必须综合考虑量化和非量化因素.现有的投资方案决策多运用单一的量化指标进行判断,不仅不够全面而且还可能陷入多项量化指标优势交叉而无法进行判断的困境.文章运用层次分析法,结合案例对投资方案进行分析,综合考虑量化因素和非量化因素进行最优投资方案决策.     

利用Excel建立项目投资动态盈亏平衡分析模型

一、投资项目动态盈亏平衡分析原理投资项目的盈亏平衡分析是指根据投资项目产销量、成本和利润之间的关系,计算出投资项目不亏损不盈利的产销量及相关指标,从而判断项目经营风险大小的方法。根据是否考虑资金的时间价值因素,可以将盈亏平衡分析分为静态分析和动态分析两种。所谓动态盈亏平衡分析是指在考虑资金时间价值因素的条件下进行的盈亏平衡分析。动态盈亏平衡点的产销量实际上也就是使投资项目的净现值或净年值为零时的产销量。在投资项目寿命期内各年的产销量相等、固定资产按直线法计提折旧的情况下,动态盈亏平衡点的年销售量Q的计算公式为:     

基于VIKOR法的房地产投资决策研究

本文构建的房地产投资决策指标体系主要是从区域的熟悉度、企业规模以及经营风险和投资成本四方面考虑的。在确定指标权重的基础上运用VIKOR法对房地产投资指标进行分析,得到各个投资方案的利益比率,并对决策结果进行了详细的分析,为有效提升房地产投资决策提供理论参考。     

Time horizons of environmental versus non‐environmental costs: evidence from US tort lawsuits

One explanation for a positive correlation between environmental and financial performance at the firm level is a bias in firms' investment evaluation processes caused by systematic differences between environmental and other investment opportunities. One of these systematic differences, often hypothesized but still unverified, is that environmental costs occur farther in the future than other costs. We empirically test this hypothesis, and find statistically significant support for it. In our data set the mean time lag for environmental costs was more than ten years, compared with five years for the control set costs. Such a difference could induce managers to accept too much environmental liability if they evaluate investments using discounted cash flow methods with a discount rate based on the firm‐wide cost of capital. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

心理契约视角下国有企业环境责任的博弈分析

近年来,接连不断发生在我国国有企业重大环境污染的事件,引发社会高度关注。国有企业环境责任的缺失,不但影响自身形象,制约企业可持续发展,而且也不利于我国建设"资源节约型"和"环境友好型"社会目标的实现。本文结合经济学和心理学知识,将国有企业履行环境责任,社会公众履行投资责任(由政府代为履行)界定为国有企业与公众之间的心理契约。运用博弈论分析方法,分确定性和不确定性两种情况对此心理契约进行分析,最后提出提升国有企业环境责任意识、重建国有企业绩效评价指标等加强国有企业环境责任建设的策略建议。     

太原市循环经济评价指标体系构建

文中根据循环经济理论和循环经济评价指标体系应遵循的基本原则,结合太原市实际情况,建立了包含社会经济发展、资源减量投入、资源循环利用、污染减量排放和生态环境质量5大子系统,25个指标的太原市循环经济评价指标体系。最后,根据评价结果,对太原市循环经济未来的发展提出一些建议。     

BP神经网络在项目投资风险分析中的应用

影响项目投资经济效益评价指标的参数很多,这些参数均具有一定的不确定性.由于各参数的不确定性,其项目投资经济效益评价指标值也是不确定的,因此,对投资项目所做的经济效益评价结论必将带有风险.在经济评价工作中,应当对这种风险作出合理的量化分析和估算,以了解项目的风险承受能力,并尽可能采取措施回避风险.本文共搜集了10个相似投资项目,根据BP神经网络工作原理筛选确定了6个影响和制约项目投资因素的指标作为神经网络的输入变量,并提出了基于BP神经网络的项目投资风险分析模型;其中7个投资项目作为训练样本,2个作为检测实例,最后一个进行敏感性分析.经过测算,其精度完全可以满足实际项目投资风险分析的需要.因此,神经网络在这方面有很好的应用前景.     

房地产投资环境测评及竞合模式研究——以湖北省主要城市为例

选用湖北省12个城市的统计数据,确定合理的房地产投资环境测评指标,构建房地产投资环境综合测评体系。研究方法采用最小二乘法、主成分分析法、聚类分析法。从自然环境、宏观经济、房地产市场、基础设施和社会文化五方面初选房地产投资环境测评指标,利用最小二乘法和主成分分析法对指标进行筛选,避免了指标的盲目性;采用最小二乘法确定各指标权重,结合逻辑严密且易于操作的房地产投资生态位测评公式,完成房地产投资环境综合生态位的测评;采用聚类分析法对城市进行分等定级并从生态位角度提出了优化策略。所构建的房地产投资环境测评体系具有较强的逻辑性,测评方法简洁高效,具有良好的应用价值。     

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS: A SURVEY

This paper presents a survey of the literature on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental policy. First, I focus on empirical studies that analyse the impact of environmental costs on foreign investment locations. Next, I review the main studies that attempt to explain the lack of evidence for the pollution haven hypothesis. Then, I discuss the literature on the impact of FDI on local environmental regulations by concentrating on two recent political economy models. Finally, I conclude by summarizing the main findings of the literature and suggesting some future research directions.     

Risk assessment of China's foreign direct investment in "One Belt,One Road": Taking the green finance as a research perspective

With the active promotion of the "the Belt and Road" initiative, overseas investment has shown a market prospect of explosive growth in various countries and has received continuous attention from scholars at home and abroad. With the proposal of the goal of carbon neutrality in countries and regions along the Belt and Road, green investment has become a new driving force for foreign investment. Based on the theory of quality function deployment (QFD) and the G1 entropy method in fuzzy mathematics, this paper constructs 10 risk indicators of China's foreign investment from the perspective of green from the four levels of economic risk, environmental risk, social and cultural risk and political risk, and studies 61 countries along the line. The results show that the four types of risks have an important impact on China's foreign investment. Therefore, Chinese government and enterprises should strengthen the comprehensive evaluation of the overall situation of the host country when investing. Our research has not only achieved theoretical improvement and practical innovation, but also put forward targeted suggestions for China to strengthen risk prevention and control of investment in countries along the "Belt and Road" from the perspective of green finance.     

Measuring strategic environmental performance

It is now widely acknowledged that environmental issues will increasingly affect the performance of firms in western countries, both in the short and in the long run. Environmental issues can act on revenues and on costs. They can influence revenues when a firm follows a ‘green strategy’, i.e. it enhances the characteristics of environmental compatibility of its products or it promotes a credible image of a ‘green company’, that employs only clean technologies. They can influence costs as, on the one hand, more limiting environmental standards can result in higher manufacturing and non manufacturing costs and, on the other hand, programmes focused on improving environmental performances can result in less spoils and wastes, hence in lower costs. Hence, environmental performance should be a structured part of the management control system of an industrial firm. Unfortunately, it is not completely clear how accounting information can be structured in order to obtain this result. This paper is aimed at developing a set of information that can be used for a managerial control focused on the environmental performance of an industrial firm. This paper is organized in three main sections. Section I describes the conceptual requirements of a management control system based on accounting information for monitoring the environmental performance of an industrial firm (completeness, long term orientation, external orientation, measurability and cost). Section II analyses different classes of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) used in practice. Both accounting measures (prevention costs and investments; operating environmental costs; contingent environmental liabilities) and non financial measures (physical indicators; compliance) are considered. Section III suggests an integrated approach to the design of a management control system focused on environmental issues, where different classes of indicators are used jointly. More specifically, two integrated systems, one mostly based on physical measures and aimed at external communication, the other focused on accounting measures and supporting managerial decision making, are suggested.     

浅议石油管道投资项目综合评价

本文基于对石油管道投资项目评价的认识和评价方法,首先从财务效益评价和国民经济评价两方面来考核石油管道投资项目的经济效益,然后又将建设石油管道投资项目产生的环境效益和社会效益与经济效益结合起来,对石油管道投资项目建设作出综合评价。     

互斥型投资方案的分析评价

互斥型投资方案分析评价是借助于一组经济、成本指标,对实现同一项目的方案进行分析和计算,并通过相应的比较、评价等步骤,选出一个或者多个技术方案的过程。在选择方案时,有很多方法,但如何运用这些方法去平衡投资效果和投资效率之间的关系,进而实现正确的项目决策是本文研究的重要问题。因此,本文就对互斥型投资方案的分析评价进行重点探究,以供参考。