Towards Sustainability Economics: Principles and Values

Synopsis  Radical alternatives, in terms of our ideas about science in society, about economics, ideology and institutional arrangements, should be included among possibilities considered within the scope of a pluralistic philosophy. While all these aspects of our mental maps are interrelated and important, economics plays a key role in attempts to get closer to a sustainable society. Mainstream neoclassical economics is not enough. The tendency to exclusively rely on this particular theory is considered part of the problems faced. A ‘sustainability economics’ more in line with dominant ideas of democracy is proposed, emphasizing the ethical, ideological and political elements. Reference is made to institutional theory but the principles and concepts suggested are in many ways similar to other kinds of heterodox economics and developments in other social sciences. Neoclassical economics is used as a point of reference in pointing to alternative ideas about human beings, organizations, markets, decision- making, efficiency, rationality, progress in society and institutional change processes. Predilection for such an alternative conceptual framework (or for neoclassical economics) is not exclusively a scientific choice but as much a matter of political and ideological preferences. One paradigm may be dominant at a time, but because of the ideological specificity of each paradigm, competing theoretical perspectives should be accepted and even encouraged in a democratic society.      

社会选择的实证之维——当代西方实证社会选择理论评述

当代行为经济学和实验经济学领域的研究越来越关注社会公平正义问题。实证社会选择理论从实证角度研究人们对于公平分配的观念,体现了当代规范经济学与实证经济学的有机结合。在长期大量的实证研究的基础上,实证社会选择理论检验了关于分配正义的很多基础理论,得到了一些重要发现。实证社会选择理论的研究,对于中国的经济学理论建设和改革实践,也具有重要的启发价值和参考意义。     

西方可持续性经济学研究的主要理论问题及其评价

可持续性经济学是20世纪60年代以来在西方经济学界逐渐形成并发展起来的一门新兴的、交叉型和应用型经济学科。尽管西方经济学界对可持续性经济学从概念、特征、研究范畴、研究方法和制度背景等诸多方面并没有形成一个统一而明确的认识,但可持续性经济学的有关理论已成为可持续发展实践的基础和重要指导。通过对西方可持续性经济学研究的主要理论问题进行梳理与评价,一方面可以揭示西方在该学科领域一些关键理论问题上的研究进展,另一方面也为我国构建具有中国特色、适合中国国情的可持续性经济学的理论和实践提供借鉴。     

关于绿色经济学的几个问题

绿色经济学是在对传统经济学反思与批判的基础上,整合相关绿色理论资源、适应绿色经济实践而发展起来的经济学学科,是经济学内部逐渐发展起来的新因素和新需求,也是重建经济学理论的新思路和新尝试。绿色经济学已在学科涵义、研究对象、基本预设、理论体系和学科体系等方面进行了探索,同时亟待从学科建设角度,对绿色经济学的研究视角、参照标准、分析工具和"成本—效益"模式等问题进行深入研究。绿色经济学将成为推动经济发展、实现社会公平、促进环境优化、推进社会进步的重要力量,对当下我国转变发展方式、实现科学发展有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

基于演化博弈的和谐社会构建模型分析

经济学在社会科学中的主导性地位决定了经济和谐是和谐社会构建的基础。以"理性经济人"假设为基础的正统经济理论与和谐社会的本质内容存在着一定程度的差异性,因而不能够为和谐社会的存在性构建起科学的理论体系,而行为经济学为和谐社会的实现提供了现实性的理论依据。互惠性偏好是行为经济学的基础性假设之一,基于互惠性偏好的个体行为博弈可以改善博弈双方的经济利益,从而为演化博弈环境下群体经济行为从自利型向互惠型的演化创造了条件,最终为经济学视角下和谐社会微观经济理论体系的构建提供了坚实的理论基础。     

Research on the development and countermeasures for circular economy

Ecological economics and sustainable development economics are the basic theories to research on circulareconomy. Through the systemically research on the relationship of the three above, this paper thinks that the reuse andrecycle of circular economy is a way that the stall is mended after a sheep is lost. Although the reduction technicallycontrols the production process, it cannot solve the waste caused by blind production and excess competition. We haveexperienced variety obstacles when implementing the circular economy, whose main reason is the conflict between theindividual ration and the social ration. Therefore, only when the individual ration and social ration incline to conformity,the cooperating Nash equilibrium will be appeared. In order to realize the harmony of ecology, economy and society, wehave to explore effective evaluation theory. This paper cites the ＂five flows of wealth operation theory＂ from professorMa Chuandong to search operation mechanism of circular economy, makes clear the developing thoughts of circulareconomy based on the realities, and brings forward some countermeasures to develop circular economy based on theabove theoretical analysis.     

解读演化经济学的兴起——兼论演化经济学的现状与未来发展

演化经济学的兴起主要有三个原因:西方主流经济学的范式危机;自然科学的发展;社会科学领域演化思想的积累与发展.演化经济学最近的前沿研究集中于进行演化建模,对复杂性进行测量,讨论技术与制度的协同演化等几个方面.拓展对多时期动态过程的研究,将演化经济学与制度经济学、马克思主义经济学、博弈理论等进行创造性综合,更多关注学科语言的凝炼和理论建模工作是演化经济学的未来发展方向.     

The exchange paradigm of constitutional economics: implications for understanding the third sector

This paper reconsiders the exchange paradigm of constitutional economics from the perspective of the theory of the division of labor. According to this theory, human wants can be satisfied by two basic mechanisms—exchange and self-sufficiency. The exchange paradigm of constitutional economics emphasizes the former mechanism while neglecting the latter. Building on major economic theories of the third sector, it is argued that the latter mechanism is more helpful than the former in explaining the existence of third sector organizations. The paper concludes by discussing implications of this argument for the further development of constitutional economics.      

供应商创新性提升机理：制造商—供应商社会资本作用研究

提升供应商创新性能有效促进制造商产品创新。基于社会资本理论和知识基础观，从制造商视角出发，构建制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性的作用机理模型。通过对216家中国装备制造企业进行问卷调查，利用结构方程模型，验证制造商—供应商社会资本、制造商使能的供应商知识整合与供应商创新性之间关系的理论逻辑。研究发现：①制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性均具有正向作用；②制造商使能的供应商知识整合两个维度均正向影响供应商创新性；③制造商使能的供应商知识整合在制造商—供应商社会资本各维度与供应商创新性间扮演不同中介作用。结论揭示了制造商—供应商社会资本提升供应商创新性的过程机制，对制造商开发供应商创新潜能具有一定启示。     

日本马克思主义经济学与现实问题研究态势

笔者主要以2003年日本经济理论学会第51届大会的论文为依据，先描述其马克思主义经济学研究的若干特点与态势，然后综述关于社会经济学和规范理论，全球化和元理论，资本主义是否能够存在下去，是资本主义控制市场还是市场控制资本主义，全球一体化和国际金融体系的不稳定化，全球经济一体化进程与阻碍，以及银行衰退论和市场原教旨主义金融行政等具体问题的理论观点。     

论主流经济学的危机与革命

古典经济学家提出了劳动价值论,并认为劳动是商品,他们的认识反映了当时社会的实际,推动了历史的进步.但是,在"资本集中和土地私有"以后他们的认识就与现实相矛盾了,主流经济学家们因为没能解决当时提出的问题而陷入了危机.马克思证明了劳动二重性理论,发展了劳动价值论,他提出了劳动力商品范畴,证明了剩余价值理论,引发了经济学的革命,从而解决了那个时代提出的问题,推动了历史的进步.在社会主义市场经济中,主流经济学家因为无法说明劳动者的工资和利息收入问题而再次陷入了危机,这可能预示了经济学革命的再次来临.作者认为,只有通过理论革命,证明劳动本身具有价值,证明资本收入具有劳动收入的性质才能解决现实社会提出的问题.     

价值现象学视野中的新制度经济学

新制度经济学突破了新古典经济学的范式,引入了交易费用分析范式。运用价值现象学的方法可以对新制度经济学的理论基础进行分析,新制度经济学由于忽视交易费用赖以存在的条件,所以在研究过程中经常会颠倒事物之间的因果关系,这与新制度经济学的社会心理基础有关。怨恨构造了现代社会的精神气质,新制度经济学与这种精神气质是一致的。新制度经济学对制度起源及变迁的关注都与怨恨所造成的价值假象密切相关。     

整合与超越:新全球化时代经济学范式探微

世界正发生着从"旧全球化时代"向"新全球化时代"的重大转变.伴随这一时代转折,建立在传统工业文明基础上的经济学正面临着研究范式的挑战,因为它已经不能适应以高科技为先导,以科技成果的商品化、产业化、国际化为特征的新时代所遇到的各种复杂问题.其研究范式急需进行整合与超越,交往实践观为其提供了新的视域和新的理论范式.     

创业生态系统演化：社会资本的理论诠释与未来展望

创业生态系统作为创业的重要栖息地，已经成为当前可持续创新的重要载体。创业生态系统相关研究借助于生态学隐喻，实现了内涵与外延的深度解构，但关于创业生态系统运行规律、功能实现及结构生成等问题的探讨有待深入。基于社会资本理论，分析创业生态系统个体、种群、群落以及系统梯次涌现过程中的社会资本流动，进而得出创业生态系统演化轨迹，并从功能范式与结构范式两个方面分析创业生态系统演化驱动机制。基于此，提出创业生态系统未来值得进一步研究的领域。     

Contemporary Capitalism as a New Monetary Economy of Production: The Logic of Conventions,M&A,and LBOs

Social interaction models, i.e. the changing sequence of actions between individuals who modify their behavior under the influence of their peers, have rarely enjoyed as high a profile in economic analysis as they do today. However, the literature growth has not been accompanied by a process of academic consolidation. The difficulties encountered in research are largely but not entirely the result of data constraints. The main argument of this article is that the source of problems may be traceable to the lack of a complementary approach between economics and other disciplines. The difficulties presented by the deficit in academic exchange among social scientists are compounded by the current analytical framework, which still concentrates on the fundamental, but mutually exclusive, traditions of thought: homo oeconomicus and homo sociologicus. In spotlighting these ideas, this article reviews the economic body of literature on social interactions and their effect on individual unemployment status. Two directions in current research are analyzed: the impact of social (work) norms on unemployment and the role of social networks in the job search process. The theoretical and methodological challenges encountered in research suggest that the future of social interactions models might be found at the crossroads of economics and other social sciences.     

优势视角下失独老人的养老困境及相应对策

失去独生子女的父母的养老问题逐渐成为一个日趋急迫的社会问题,也是老龄工作中的新问题。用优势视角基本理念分析失独老人的养老问题,研究他们年老时存在的精神、经济、生活等一系列养老困境及原因。个人、团体、社会应共同帮助他们抚平精神创伤,改变外部环境中的不利因素,使其融入社会,实现个人优势与其生活环境的整合,以逐步帮助他们走出困境,安享晚年。     

论人口、资源与环境经济学学科构架的理论基础

人口、资源与环境经济学是一门正在形成中的横跨生态学、经济学、社会学、战略学和法学的新兴学科。构建这一学科体系的理论基础是什么?人口、资源与环境之间及其经济运行过程是否具有内在的本质的联系?至今还未获得令人满意的答案。提出由物质本源论构建起人口、资源与环境经济学的广义物质变换理论基础;由社会发展构成要素论构建科学发展观的认识论基础;由广义经济学和人口、资源与环境之间的转换、循环、代谢与平衡理论构建人口、资源与环境经济学的学科理论体系的理论思路。试图揭示人口、资源与环境问题的实质,以期从根本上解决构建人口、资源与环境经济学学科的理论基石问题。     

Everything All Right at the Internal EU Borders? The Ambivalent Effects of Cross-Border Integration and the Rise of Euroscepticism

ABSTRACT

The policy of the European Union, which promotes a vision of Europe without borders and has fostered the development of cooperation across borders over 25 years, has led, in some parts of Europe, to the emergence of so-called integrated cross-border regions. Thus far, the increase of cross-border flows and interactions has always been a normative and almost unquestioned policy paradigm. However, tendencies of re-bordering and signs of growing Euroscepticism can also be observed nowadays in these border regions, which show the importance of investigating the negative externalities that can be generated by cross-border integration. This article attempts to do this by focusing on three case studies usually considered as among the most integrated ones in Europe because of cross-border flows related to work: the cross-border metropolitan regions of Basel, Geneva and Luxembourg. Our findings show that if several decades of cross-border integration have led to the reinforcement of the functional linkages between the border regions, some effects of the cross-border integration process have also created a functional specialisation of space that relies on social and economic inequalities. Such a situation contradicts the ideal of cross-border territorial cohesion and helps to better understand the rise of Euroscepticism in some of the border areas.     

技术社会实验的理论起源与实践应用

现代技术的复杂性和不确定性、知识的不完备性等,使得实验室研究不能够完全验证技术知识的正确性,导致技术的社会引入呈现出明显的实验特征。技术社会实验是新近产生的、用以处理新技术不确定性、潜在危害和收益问题的理论。通过述评技术社会实验理论提出背景、追踪理论起源、阐述技术社会实验的基本特征、分析代表性研究案例,研究揭示技术社会实验的理论价值和现实意义,及对我国新兴科技创新治理的重要启示。     

新中国成立70年来经济学研究范式的演变与创新

新中国成立70年来,我国从传统的计划经济体制逐步向社会主义市场经济体制过渡,经济学研究范式也随之发生了深刻的变化。改革开放之前,与高度集权计划体制相适应,流行的是传统政治经济学研究范式;20世纪80年代初,随着放权让利改革的推进与市场机制的引入,东欧经济学研究范式在我国产生广泛的影响;进入20世纪90年代之后,西方主流经济学研究范式随着市场取向改革不断深化而在我国逐步流行。“中国道路”创造了“中国奇迹”,“中国道路”的本质就是在坚持社会主义基本经济制度条件下,发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。无论是传统政治经济学,还是西方主流经济学都难以回答我们在这场前无古人的伟大社会实践中遇到的难点与重点问题,因此创立具有中国特色的社会主义经济理论就成为历史的必然。我们应该认识到创建中国特色社会主义经济理论是一项长期的历史任务。为此,我们应努力做到以下几个方面：第一,努力推进马克思主义经济学的当代化与中国化;第二,以全方位开放的学术态度推进中国特色社会主义经济理论体系的构建;第三,倡导直面现实的研究方法;第四,推进研究方法的现代化;第五,充分认识到创建中国特色社会主义经济理论的长期性与艰巨性。