The structure and infrastructure of Finnish research literature1

The structure and infrastructure of the Finnish research literature is determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index for the years 2003–2004, with each article containing at least one author with a Finnish address. Document clustering was used to identify the main technical themes (core competencies) of Finnish research. Four of the pervasive technical topics identified from the clustering (Wireless Networks and Mobile Communication, Signal Processing, Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry) were analyzed further using bibliometrics, in order to identify the infrastructure of these research areas. Finally, the citation performance of Finnish research in the four pervasive technical topics above, and in other technical topics obtained by analysis of Abstract phrases, was compared to that of two Scandanavian countries with similar population and GDP, Norway and Denmark.     

The structure and infrastructure of Mexico's science and technology

The structure and infrastructure of the Mexican technical literature was determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index for the year 2002, with each article containing at least one author with a Mexican address. Many different manual and statistical clustering methods were used to identify the structure of the technical literature (especially the science and technology core competencies). One of the pervasive technical topics identified from the clustering, thin films research, was analyzed further using bibliometrics, in order to identify the infrastructure of this technology.     

Assessment of India's research literature

The structure and infrastructure of the Indian research literature were determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) [SCI. Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the THOMSON SCIENTIFIC®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: ©Copyright THOMSON SCIENTIFIC® 2006. All rights reserved. [1]] for 2005, with each article containing at least one author with an India address. Document clustering was used to identify the main technical themes (core competencies) of Indian research. Aggregate India bibliometrics were also performed, emphasizing the value of collaborative research to India. A unique mapping approach was used to identify networks of organizations that published together, networks of organizations with common technical interests, and especially those organizations with common technical interests that did not co-publish extensively. Finally, trend analyses were performed using other year data from the SCI/SSCI to place the 2005 results in their proper historical context.     

Global nanotechnology research literature overview

Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature (SCI/SSCI databases). Identified were: (1) the nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents); (2) the technical structure (pervasive technical thrusts and their inter-relationships); (3) nanotechnology instruments and their relationships; (4) potential nanotechnology applications, (5) potential health impacts and applications; and (6) seminal nanotechnology literature. Our results are summarized in this paper.     

Aggregate infrastructure capital stock and long-run growth: Evidence from Finnish data

In this paper, Bayesian methods and the Finnish aggregate infrastructure capital series from 1860 to 2003 are used to explore how government infrastructure policy affects long-run output growth. We use Finnish data, since to the best of our knowledge the Finnish land and water construction investments series is the best available sufficiently long time series on aggregate infrastructure investments. The Finnish data provide strong and robust evidence indicating that permanent changes in government infrastructure policy have permanent effects on the growth rate of output.     

“十四五”时期区域科技基础设施体系架构研究——以江苏省为例

区域科技基础设施体系是区域科技创新的重要基础条件和支撑力量。借鉴现有研究成果，从狭义和广义角度对科技基础设施的内涵进行辨析，提出狭义投入角度和广义功能角度的区域科技基础设施体系框架；以科技基础设施建设的典型代表江苏省为例，基于广义角度分析江苏省科技基础设施体系建设现状，找出存在的薄弱环节，提出“十四五”时期江苏科技基础设施体系建构的对策建议。     

Tracking emerging technologies in energy research: Toward a roadmap for sustainable energy

Science and technology for renewable and sustainable energy are indispensable for our future society and economics. To meet the goal of sustainable energy development, there is a growing body of research efforts world wide. The planner of energy research has to grasp the broader coverage of scientific and technological research, and make decisions on effective investment in promising and emerging technologies especially under circumstances of limited resources. In this paper, we track emerging research domains in energy research by using citation network analysis. Our analysis confirms that the fuel cell and solar cell are rapidly growing domains in energy research. We further investigate the detailed structure of these two domains by clustering publications in these domains. Each citation cluster has characteristic research topics, and there is a variety of growth trends among the clusters. By using citation network analysis, we can track emerging research domains among a pile of publications efficiently and effectively.     

组织合法性：微观层面的理论研究与前沿分析

组织合法性作为企业生存发展的重要资源，一直是学界研究热点。基于CiteSpace可视化分析软件，依据Web of Science数据库2008-2017年已有文献，绘制组织合法性引文聚类图、关键词演化趋势图及最近180天高频关键词分布图，对微观层面组织合法性引文关系、热点议题进行分析。研究发现：①在微观层面组织合法性研究中，以企业方面的研究最为突出；②在组织合法性研究中，企业社会责任理论、市场划分理论等是最新凸显的研究视角；③组织合法性战略及组织合法性获取仍是该研究阶段热点，其中组织合法性双刃性研究是最新凸显的议题。     

Chinese science and technology — Structure and infrastructure

This paper identifies and analyzes the science and technology core competencies of China, based on a sampling of approximately half of the total Chinese publication output in the Science Citation Index/ Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) [SCI. Certain data included herein are derived from the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index prepared by the Thomson Scientific®, Inc. (Thomson®), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: © Copyright Thomson Scientific® 2006. All rights reserved. [1]] for 2005. Aggregate China publication and citation bibliometrics were obtained and a hierarchical research taxonomy, based on document clustering, was generated. Additionally, bibliometrics and thematic trends were tracked over the past two decades.The key findings were that China's output of research articles has significantly expanded in the last decade. In terms of sheer numbers of research articles, especially in cuting-edge technologies, such as nanotechnology and energetic materials, it is among the leaders. Compared to the USA, the bulk of China's articles focus on the physical and engineering sciences, while the USA articles (compared to China) focus on medical, social, and psychological sciences.     

交通基础设施、空间溢出与经济增长:来自中国的实证研究

This paper develops an empirical model to test the spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure on economic growth. It uses spatial econometric techniques and provincial panel data of China from 1993 to 2004 to analyze the contribution of transport infrastructure to the economic growth of local province and its spatial spillover effects on the economic growth of other provinces. The main findings include: (1) Transport infrastructure and economic growth of China show an evident pattern of spatial clustering. They largely congregate in developed eastern coastal regions, forming a gradient gradually diminishing from east to west. (2) Output elasticity of local transport infrastructure is 0.106, between the values calculated by early researchers with time series data and panel data. (3) Spatial output spillovers from transport infrastructure are largely positive, but evidences of negative spatial spillovers are also found with population density spatial weights matrix model.      

创新驱动下我国R&D研究演化及热点主题分析

无论是创新驱动战略实施还是科技创新能力提升都离不开R&D,通过R&D研究演化发现热点主题,可为后续研究提供参考借鉴。通过对我国1998-2018年以R&D为主题的文献进行梳理,借助文献计量学方法,运用信息可视化分析工具,对文献的关键词共现密度、关键词共现聚类和突变词等信息进行可视化图谱分析,研究R&D文献演化过程及热点主题。研究发现,20年来我国以R&D为主题的文献研究沿着“宏观面—微观面—宏观面”演化推进,并且政府补贴、融资约束、战略性新兴产业及创新效率与R&D的关系分析成为当前研究热点。     

基于CiteSpace的国外商业模式创新研究可视化分析

运用CiteSpace软件,基于Web of Science(WOS)数据进行可视化分析,归纳总结商业模式创新研究现状,包括研究网络主体、关键节点、热点关键词、突现词。在探索研究商业模式创新的发展现状的基础上,分析商业模式创新研究热点、前沿和发展趋势,为促进商业模式创新的深入研究提供参考。     

创业失败研究的演化路径与热点领域——基于科学知识图谱

以Web of Science数据库收录的1999—2015年创业失败研究文献为研究对象,运用可视化软件CiteSpace V,分别绘制了创业失败研究的时空分布、文献共引与关键词共现知识图谱,据此探析了创业失败研究的时空分布、演化路径和热点领域。研究结果表明:美国学者引领创业失败研究,我国在此领域的研究文献数量总体稳步增加,相关研究紧跟国际前沿;创业失败研究的演化路径是,研究层面日趋多样化、研究方法以质化研究为主且实证研究日趋加强,创业失败管理与后续创业活动正取代创业失败的归因和影响而成为研究主流;创业失败研究的三大热点是创业失败与再创业活动的关系、创业失败学习以及创业失败管理。     

On transformation of public sector research: A preliminary post-STBL assessment in Taiwan

The paper examines the impact of the Science and Technology Basic Law (STBL) enactment of 1999 on the transformation of public sector research (PSR) in Taiwan. The paper proposes a research framework to assess the changes on PSR mainly through four dimensions: (1) new infrastructure build-up, (2) industrial research links, (3) patenting and licensing, and (4) industrial education/training. Nine research hypotheses are developed. Based on the survey data of 107 PSR establishments, the paper reveals that Taiwan PSR has experienced a burgeoning infrastructure build-up and a more active partnership with industry in the post-STBL period. However, the paper argues that the scientific-economic transformation of PSR in Taiwan tends to develop better “industrial collaborative research and training capabilities” than “patenting and licensing capabilities” in the preliminary post-STBL period. The divergence on patenting, licensing and partnership capabilities still persists between experienced PSREs and non-experienced ones, suggesting a learning effect. These findings provide crucial policy implications to delineate appropriate roles of PSR in the new scientific-economic regime.     

中关村高新技术企业合作申请专利网络集聚效应分析

根据中关村管委会提供的“一区十六园”和11个技术领域合作申请专利数据，构建高新技术企业合作申请专利网络。以模块度作为描述性指标，采用Louvain聚合算法分析社团结构特征及演化趋势。最后，具体分析4个时间截面的五大社团结构，从而揭示网络社团结构对企业合作申请专利的推动作用。     

Assessment of Brazil's research literature

This ‘country study’ analyses substantial samples of research papers by Brazilian authors drawn from two global databases. The approach and the findings may each be of interest. Our approach is to examine R&D outputs through bibliometrics (to identify key authors, institutions, journals, etc.) and text mining with taxonomy generation (to identify pervasive research thrusts). We extend prior country studies by providing for interactive data access and exploring military-relevant R&D information. The resulting publication activity profiles provide insight on Brazilian R&D strengths and investment strategies, and help identify opportunities for collaboration. Brazil, a nation of 190 million, evidences a substantial research enterprise, with major capabilities in the life and biomedical sciences, as well as the physical sciences. We benchmark research patterns and trends against several other countries. We find a large measure of international collaboration, particularly with the USA.     

National nanotechnology research prominence

A new bibliometric technique enables one to distinguish high emergence topical content. This technique can be applied to sets of research publication abstracts reflecting a given technical domain (here, nanotechnology) to score cutting edge research terms. The resulting high emergence terms warrant special consideration in setting R&D priorities. The researchers (individuals, organizations, or countries) whose publications address those emergent terms heavily deserve consideration as possible leaders in that technical domain. This paper studies nanotechnology research publications using the new emergence scoring in conjunction with established bibliometric publication and citation measures. Findings challenge U.S. superiority in cutting edge nanotechnology research. China shows strongest at addressing emergent nanotechnology topics, followed by the U.S., South Korea, India, and, surprisingly, Iran.     

国内外众包研究演化路径与未来展望

以WoS数据库和CNKI数据库为样本,首先,通过HistCite的基本统计分析明确了国内外众包研究现状;其次,分析了国内外众包研究的引文网络和主路径,获得了国内外众包研究的演化路径;然后,分析了国内外众包研究侧重的主题与关键词;最后,结合国内外研究的演化路径和不同研究主题,对众包研究进行了展望。     

INFRASTRUCTURE AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY: AN ANALYSIS ON THE KOREAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

This study estimates an aggregate production function of manufacturing industry using panel data of 11 Korean regions covering 1977–1992. While the previous studies regard infrastructure as a direct input for production, the present study proposes that infrastructure has an effect on actual output by enhancing technical efficiency thereby, reducing the gap between maximum potential output and actual output. To investigate the relationship between infrastructure and technical efficiency, a stochastic frontier approach is applied to Korean manufacturing industry. Confirming the presence of substantial technical inefficiency in production, this study shows that an increase in infrastructure reduces the technical inefficiency level. The study also finds that, contrary to expectation, the industrialized regions are less efficient than the less industrialized ones. (JEL O20, H54, C23)     

一种三级技术机会识别方法及其应用——基于SAO语义分析和多维技术创新地图

精准识别技术创新机会对于企业在复杂多变的市场竞争环境中立于不败之地至关重要。首先,基于SAO（Subject-Action-Object,主语-谓语-宾语）语义分析,从专利文本中抽取SAO结构;其次,以多维技术创新地图创新维度为导航,构建具象技术创新维度初始词典,利用SAO语义相似度计算和主题聚类,进一步构建基于创新维度的三级语义知识库;再次,运用多维技术创新地图的创新法则及维法耦合原理对基于创新维度的三级语义知识库进行迭代变换,实现技术形态、创新子维、创新维度三级技术机会识别;最后,以3D打印机领域为例验证研究方法的可行性和有效性,可为企业高效、精准识别技术创新机会提供参考依据。