非利息收入对银行业绩效影响的实证研究——基于中国银行业2000—2010年面板数据分析

本文将非利息收入种类数和非利息收入占营业收入比作为非利息收入的两个衡量指标,并将其纳入非利息收入对银行绩效影响的模型中。基于我国14家股份制商业银行2000-2010年财务数据的实证研究发现,无论是非利息收入种类数,还是非利息收入占营业收入比,都与银行业绩效显著负相关。银行业绩效的提升更多的来自于银行规模的增大、股东权益资产的增加以及银行的上市。     

外资银行进入对我国银行效率影响的实证分析

本文选取我国银行市场上占主要地位的14家银行1994-2004年的面板数据,就外资银行进入对我国银行业效率影响进行了实证分析.实证结果表明:外资银行的进入使得国内银行的流动性、非利息收入、经营费用和资产收益率降低,并使其资产质量下降,风险增加,但是技术外溢效应以及对国内银行盈利性的影响并不显著.而且,金融业的对外开放对国有银行造成的冲击小于股份制银行.本文还根据实证分析结果,提出相应的政策建议.     

Convergence of bank competition in Central and Eastern European countries: do foreign and domestic banks go hand in hand?

Following the massive entry of foreign banks into the Central and Eastern European (CEE) banking markets, one may wonder whether their competitive behaviour differs from that of their domestic counterparts, possibly leading to the segmentation of these markets at the regional and national levels. We find that the competitive behaviour of foreign and domestic banks differs, with foreign banks having less market power until the recent financial crisis and more market power after this financial turmoil. Despite this difference, banks tend to behave similarly, and their market power converges to a similar level. The tendency towards similar competitive behaviour is observed at the regional and national levels and for both foreign and domestic banks, although foreign institutions that enter these markets through the acquisition of domestic banks have slightly more market power. Our findings suggest the regional integration of CEE banking markets and no segmentation between foreign and domestic institutions.     

The Role of Foreign Capital in the Banking Sector of Korea and Its Implications for Developing Countries

The entry of foreign capital marked a significant change in the Korean banking sector. It played a critical role in transforming insolvent banks into profit-making banks. The acquisition of domestic banks by foreign private equity funds restructured the management by changing the corporate governance and pursuing result-oriented policies, while it had a negative impact on the national economy in general. Korea’s experience shows that the role of foreign private equity funds in the domestic banking sector needs to be evaluated from the perspective of both the performance of each bank and its effect on the national economy.     

Banks’ non-traditional activities under regulatory changes: impact on risk,performance and capital adequacy

Using the big six Canadian chartered banks quarterly financial statements and daily stock market data from 1982 to 2018, we examine the impact of non-interest income on Canadian banks’ risk, performance and capital under the different major regulatory changes made to the Bank Act of Canada. Our results show that Canadian banks’ expansion into non-traditional activities had slightly decreased their risks and significantly improved their performance benefitting from income diversification. Moreover, while adhering to capital adequacy regulation, reshuffling banks’ portfolio towards non-traditional activities did not reduce Canadian banks’ capital ratio. In spite of the re-regulation towards universal banking against ring-fencing, this feature buttresses the effectiveness of capital adequacy regulation in Canada in linking banks capital allocation with their risk taking.     

中国银行业改革的侧重点:产权结构还是市场结构

本文对运用SCP(结构—行为—绩效 )框架及其从行业结构的角度揭示中国银行业主要问题的思路及提炼出的政策含义提出了批评 ,认为在现代技术不断改变着银行运作机制、主要发达国家的银行业的行业结构进一步向集中化发展、各个银行在努力追求规模经济和范围经济效应的背景下 ,中国银行业保持一定程度的集中率是符合国际银行业发展趋势的。中国银行业的主要问题是国有银行产权结构单一 ,而不是行业集中的问题。从行业结构的角度为突破口的改革将可能导致中国经济的振荡。正是中国银行业的资产与市场份额集中于带病的国有商业银行 ,改革的侧重点就不能从行业结构的调整为起点 ,而是相反 ,要充分利用进入WTO后的有限的过渡期 ,在国有银行的市场份额发生显著萎缩之前 ,坚决地进行国有商业银行的产权改革 ,努力避免潜在金融风险的总爆发。     

The impact of foreign capital on the Chinese banking market

In China, the foreign capital share of banks was restricted to 25% until 2006. Does such a relatively low share of foreign capital have any impact on the banking sector? In this paper, we use panel data on 19 major banks during 1996–2004 to shed light on the impact of foreign capital participation on the Chinese banking industry. We find that although the operating performance of foreign-owned banks is basically worse than that of domestic banks, as the market share of foreign-owned banks rises, they improve. For domestic banks, non-interest income decreases, while interest income increases. Therefore, the net effect of the foreign-owned banks' share on the profitability of domestic banks is small.     

Product diversification and bank risk: evidence from South Asian banking institutions

ABSTRACT

We investigate whether the product diversification activities of South Asian banking institutions have led to an increase or decrease in their solvency and profit risks. Using the data of five countries – India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka – for the period 2000–2016, we analyse the effect of both income and assets diversification activities on the Z-score and SDs of ROA (Return on Assets) and ROE Return on Equity). Among income diversification activities, securities trading income has a significant positive influence on bank risk while other categories have no influence. With respect to assets diversification, non-interest-bearing assets and loans given to government were found to have a significant positive influence on bank risk, while mortgage loans and non-classified loans have opposite influences. However, the impacts of securities trading income and loans given to the government are mainly confined to private sector banks and state-owned banks, respectively. We also uncover some country-specific diversification influences on the above relationships.     

SOME ESTIMATES OF TRADE FLOWS IN BANKING SERVICES

This paper presents some estimates of international trade in banking services. We use IMF data on assets and liabilities of both domestic banks and non-banks with foreign banks, and of foreigners with the domestic banking system to construct measures of the volume of transactions on which banking intermediation services are provided across national borders. We then use estimates of the spread between borrowing and lending rates for depositors and borrowers with the financial institutions involved to estimate the value of international flows of intermediation services. Estimates are presented for 1982–84 and 1991–93 for the U.S., the U.K., and Canada.     

Intricacies of competition,stability, and diversification: Evidence from dual banking economies

This paper investigates the nexus of competition and stability by introducing the interaction of diversification and competition. We use a sample of both conventional and Islamic banks from 14 dual banking economies over 2005–2016. The core finding illustrates that competition does not impact bank stability and that diversification is insignificant in the competition-stability nexus. Further, we find that concentration is beneficial for the banking stability of both types of banks. In most of our results, we found no difference in the impact of competition and diversification on the stability of conventional and Islamic banks. To put our findings in a broader context, we argue that no difference between the business models can be considered an early signal of possible convergence between the two systems.     

WTO challenges and efficiency of Chinese banks

After joining the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in December 2001, China was given 5 years to completely open up its banking market for international competition. Chinese banks have been renowned for their mounting nonperforming loans and low efficiency. Despite gradual reforms, the banking system is still dominated by state ownership and encapsulated monopolistic control. How to raise efficiency is a key to the survival and success of domestic banks, especially the state-owned commercial banks. Two important factors may be responsible for raising efficiency: ownership reform and hard budget constraints. This article uses a panel data of 22 banks over the period 1995 to 2001, and employs a stochastic frontier production function to investigate the effects of ownership structure and hard budget constraint on efficiency. Empirical results suggest that nonstate banks were 8–18% more efficient than state banks, and that banks facing a harder budget tend to perform better than those heavily capitalized by the state or regional governments. The results shed important light on banking sector reform in China to face the tough challenges after WTO accession.     

后金融危机时代我国银行监管的博弈分析

2008年以来的全球金融危机暴露了美国等发达国家在金融监管上的不足,加强金融监管已成为国际社会的共识。在世界各国强有力的干预刺激下,全球经济开始缓慢复苏,新形势下加强银行监管势在必行。在我国,银行业在金融业中一直占主导地位,对商业银行进行合规性监管仍将是现实情况下我国银行监管的重要内容。本文针对我国银行监管现存的问题,建立监管的博弈模型,得出混合战略纳什均衡,并从完善监管的法律体系、规范商业银行信息披露制度、建立监管者的激励约束机制、加强监管的国内国际协调、完善国内银行资本监管制度等方面对我国现行银行监管制度提出了相应的政策建议。     

中国银行业效率的实证分析

中国于 2 0 0 1年 1 2月加入WTO ,5年之后必须对外全面开放国内银行业市场。中国的银行一直以大量不良贷款和效率低下而著称。尽管在逐步改革 ,中国的银行体系仍由国有银行主导并形成垄断控制。怎样提高效率是国内银行尤其是国有商业银行生存和成功的关键。以下两个重要因素可能有助于提高中国的银行效率 :所有制改革和硬预算约束。本文使用了 2 2家银行 1 995— 2 0 0 1年期间的一组数据 ,利用随机前沿生产函数研究了所有制结构和硬预算约束对银行效率的影响。经验结果表明 ,非国有银行比国有银行效率高 1 1 %— 1 8% ;面临硬预算约束的银行的绩效比国家和地方政府投入大量资本的银行好。本文结论的重要意义是 :在加入WTO 3年后的今天 ,中国银行业的改革面临着更为严峻的挑战     

外资银行进入对我国银行业效率影响的实证分析——以四大国有商业银行为例

2006年底我国银行业向外资全面开放,外资银行开始与我国银行在各个领域展开全面的竞争。因此,研究外资银行进入对国内银行效率的影响,将有助于国内银行更好地采取应对之策。本文试图就外资银行进入对我国银行业效率的影响做实证分析,从盈利能力,经营管理水平,抗风险能力,资本结构等方面分别进行论证,进而对我国银行业的进一步发展提出相应的政策建议。     

我国商业银行投资银行业务的创新与发展

加入WTO之后,国外金融集团利用其在人才、产品及混业经营等方面的优势,为国内客户提供综合性的金融服务,给国内商业银行带来了激烈的竞争。面对国外混业经营的强烈冲击和严峻挑战,发展我国商业银行投资银行业务势在必行,如何寻求投资银行的业务发展模式并取得的突破,这是摆在我国各商业银行面前的一个共同问题。     

什么决定了中国商业银行的高盈利

本文分银行和省际两个层面探讨了中国商业银行高盈利的原因。研究结果显示,经济持续良好的增长使人们的收入不断提高,人们对银行产品和服务的需求日益高涨,而政府对存款利率和民间金融等的严格控制,使商业银行处于供不应求和相对垄断的地位。这些是商业银行利润持续走高的最主要原因。虽然2003年开始的银行业改革使银行的市场化程度大幅提升,但是中国的商业银行仍不是自主经营的真正企业。银行的利润主要是宏观和政策环境给予的,这也是银行的高利润备受市场批评的主要原因。     

银行监管对银行业结构演进的影响——基于市场准入与经营范围监管视角的研究

文章以银行业集中度作为银行业结构的代理变量,实证检验了市场准入和经营范围的监管对一国银行业结构的影响。研究结果表明:(1)对国内银行市场准入的限制会增加银行业集中度,加强外资银行准入的限制则会降低银行业集中度;(2)发展中国家对于银行从事证券业务的限制更敏感;(3)发达国家对于银行从事保险和房地产业务的限制更敏感。拓展模型结果显示,放松外资银行准入会强化银行经营范围监管对银行业集中度的边际效应。     

我国银行的业务外包：问题与建议

本文在对国际国内银行业务外包进行比较分析的基础上，针对我国银行外包业务刚刚起步，业务范围狭隘、外包服务商不成熟、法律监管制度不健全等问题，提出如下政策建议：不同规模的银行应结合现有资源来选择其他包路线，根据外包战略逐步扩大外包业务范围，健全外包商的信用评级机制，完善法律环境并加强外部监管。     

Australian Specific Bank Features and the Impact of Income Diversification on Bank Performance and Risk

Since financial market deregulation, Australian banks have significantly diversified from a dependence on simple products such as interest‐bearing loans to a broader range of financial products services. Such initiatives have transformed the structure of the Australian banking industry and are destined to receive scrutiny following the announcement of Australia's financial services inquiry. Against the common view that attempts by firms to diversify can be expected to impact negatively on financial performance, we find no strong evidence to suggest that diversification has been unfavourable to the performance of Australian banks. We find rather that Australia's banks have improved their risk‐return profiles as an outcome of diversification.     

Impact of financial reforms on efficiency of state-owned,private and foreign banks in Pakistan

This article uses a unique bank level data from 1991 to 2000 and evaluates how financial reforms affect banking efficiency of domestic and foreign banks in Pakistan. The results suggest that banking efficiency falls during initial reform period when banks adjust to enhanced competition but increases in more advanced stages of reform. While in general foreign and private banks show superior efficiency and factor productivity than do state-owned banks, the relative performance of foreign banks worsens after the consolidation stage of the financial reforms is over. We show the importance of link between bank size, asset quality and bank branches with efficiency indexes and also note that every 10% increase in share of nonperforming to total loans decreases banking efficiency by 6 to 10%.