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创业教育是增强创业意愿、提高创业能力、促发创业活动的催化剂,对于培养和造就面向创业型经济的具有创新精神和创业能力的高素质人才具有重要作用。许多国家或地区已经把创业教育与从小学到大学的各个层次的学校课程教育相结合,并将之视为创业政策的重要组成部分。本文从创业教育的内涵和目标出发,在分析了当前我国创业教育存在的问题的基础上,提出了为提高创业水平所应该采取的创业教育发展策略。 相似文献
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创业教育是增强创业意愿、提高创业能力、促发创业活动的催化剂,对于培养和造就面向创业型经济的具有创新精神和创业能力的高素质人才具有重要作用.许多国家或地区已经把创业教育与从小学到大学的各个层次的学校课程教育相结合,并将之视为创业政策的重要组成部分.本文从创业教育的内涵和目标出发,在分析了当前我国创业教育存在的问题的基础上,提出了为提高创业水平所应该采取的创业教育发展策略. 相似文献
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创业型大学的诞生和发展,是20世纪中后期以来世界高等教育领域出现的新趋势,是大学功能发展进入新阶段的产物,其突出强调大学在经济社会发展中的重要作用。首先通过对创业型大学的两种不同研究路径的分析,探讨了创业型大学的概念和特征,并介绍了中国国内关于创业型大学的研究概述。民办高校是中国高等教育的一个重要组成部分,探索创建"创业型大学"之路,实现向创业型大学的转型都是非常必要且可行的。为此,民办高校应在构建创业教育体系;寻求多元化的资金来源;加强学校与企业、政府的结合;营造有利于创业型大学发展的政策环境等四个方面下工夫。 相似文献
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基于“三螺旋”理论的“创业型”大学建设 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
"三螺旋"模型是目前国际上研究大学—产业—政府关系的理论基础之一。在此理论基础指导下,世界各国纷纷改变高校的传统职能,开始建设"创业型大学"。"创业型大学"是一种集成的、全新的大学理念和战略。它在"研究型"大学的基础上重新定义和扩展了原有的教学职能、研究职能和服务职能,更加强调自身的自主创新能力、与国家和地区经济发展相结合的能力。依据"三螺旋"理论和国际上建设"创业型"大学的经验,我国高校建设"创业型"大学首先必须从观念和组织上进行改革。根据科研水平和创业层次都相对比较低且发展不平衡的现状,我国高校在建立"创业型"大学的过程中必须要更重视提高学术创新能力,构造大学创业的坚实基础。并且处于不同发展程度的高校——部分"研究型"大学和一般高校——都要合理找准自身定位,采取适合自己发展层次的创业措施。 相似文献
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通过对大学生创业意愿、创业动机、创业意向、创业制约因素、创业压力等的调查分析,了解了大学创业意识的现状,并就如何提高大学生自主创业意识和能力,从学生自身、学校和社会等方面提出了对策和建议。 相似文献
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通过对大学生创业意愿、创业动机、创业意向、创业制约因素、创业压力等的调查分析,了解了大学创业意识的现状,并就如何提高大学生自主创业意识和能力,从学生自身、学校和社会等方面提出了对策和建议. 相似文献
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将研究视野聚焦于创业型大学的科研活动,通过比较分析的方法,从价值导向、组织机构、评价标准、经费来源等方面,初步揭示了创业型大学科研活动的基本特征;并从重释科研使命、重构科研组织、改革科研制度等方面,进一步论述了科研创业对于变革大学科研发展模式的重要意义。在此基础上,对我国高校科研发展模式的转型进行了分析,强调我国高校科研的发展应该避免同质化和增强自主性;提升高校科研组织的驾驭和整合能力,在大学和企业之间构建有效的技术转移界面;通过建立和完善知识产权管理制度以及重新设计科研评价和激励制度,构建激励师生科研创业的动力机制。 相似文献
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创新创业是推动我国经济转型升级与高质量发展的重要引擎。基于组态视角,整合管制、认知和规范3个制度环境层面前因条件,以及能力感知、机会识别和失败恐惧3个创业认知层面前因条件,以全球创业观察数据库中的51个国家为研究样本,采用模糊集定性比较分析法探讨影响不同创业模式的多重并发条件与因果复杂机制、不同经济体之间的创业模式差异及创业模式演化路径。研究发现:第一,生存型创业驱动机制可划分为制度环境缺失的能力驱动型模式、规范制度主导的机会识别型模式和制度环境缺失的风险承担型模式3种。第二,机会型创业驱动机制可划分为规范制度缺失的创业认知型模式、规范制度引导的机会识别型模式、认知制度支持的创业认知型模式和管制制度保障的能力机会型模式4种。其中,机会识别是驱动机会型创业的关键条件,管制、认知和规范三维制度之间存在替代效应,可以推动高机会识别群体选择机会型创业。第三,要素驱动型经济体以生存型创业为主,部分国家推动机会型创业;效率驱动型经济体同时发展生存型创业和机会型创业,创新驱动型经济体高度重视机会型创业。在此基础上,构建路径选择—模式演化—经济体转型研究框架,为推动生存型创业向机会型创业演化进而向创新驱动型经济体转型升级、助推经济高质量发展提供理论指导和实践启示。 相似文献
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While output andemployment in the overextended and overmannedstate sector decrease, it is crucial for thesuccess of transition that privateentrepreneurship builds up, increasingproduction and employment, in a processsomewhat paralleling the dual developmentHarris-Lewis-Todaro model, where the statesector plays the role of the traditional sectorendowed with an almost unlimited reserve oflabour. The way this takes place depends to agreat extent not only on the specific featuresof the privatisation processes pursued, butalso on the overall institutional and socialconditions affecting the development, and thenature, of private entrepreneurship. Inparticular, under conditions of insufficientconstruction of the institutional framework ofthe market, and lack of prevention andpunishment of fraudulent behaviour andself-dealing, the development ofentrepreneurship can be derailed intounproductive and destructive forms, accordingto Baumol's distinction, with dire economic andsocial consequences. The different outcomes ofthe transition process may also be explainedthrough the different preconditions affectingthe severity of the specific impedimentsencountered in development of entrepreneurship.Some policy suggestions for speeding up thisdevelopment, both in quantitative andqualitative terms, conclude the paper. 相似文献
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Entrepreneurship and envy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Young Back Choi 《Constitutional Political Economy》1993,4(3):331-347
This paper is a critical evaluation of Hayek's “Atavism of social justice” thesis, suggesting an alternative explanation of
the widespread demands for social justice in contemporary society. It is based on the analysis of the nature of entrepreneurship
and its tendency to incite envy. The advantages of the proposed explanation include a better understanding of the persistent
hostility against commerce and the market system and the possibility of a systematic exploration of the factors which make
the demand for social justice stronger or weaker.
An earlier draft was presented at the Friedrich August von Hayek Memorial Symposium, Bleibach, Germany, June 9–12, 1993. I
thank the participants of the symposium for their helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
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Semih Tumen 《Economics of Transition》2017,25(2):239-269
I develop a dynamic model of forward-looking entrepreneurs, who decide whether to operate in the formal economy or informal economy and choose how much to invest in their businesses, taking government policy as given. The government has access to two policy tools: taxes on formal business activity and enforcement (or policing) discouraging informality. The main focus of the paper is on transitional dynamics under different initial wealth levels. Whether an initially small business will be trapped in the informal economy and remain small forever or grow quickly and become a large formal business depends on tax and enforcement policies. High tax rates accompanied by loose enforcement – which is mostly the case in less-developed countries (LDCs) – induce tax avoidance, discourage investment in formal businesses, and drive the entrepreneurial activity towards the informal sector even though the initial wealth level is high. Lowering taxes on formal activity joined with strict enforcement can help reducing the magnitude of poverty traps in LDCs – such as the MENA region, Latin America and developing Asia. 相似文献
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We model entrepreneurship and the emergence of firms as an outcome of simultaneous bidding for labor services among heterogeneous agents. What distinguishes our approach from prior work is that occupational choice and job matching are determined simultaneously, so that the opportunity costs of entrepreneurs are accounted for. Those who are relatively unmanageable, while possibly excellent managers themselves, become entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs compete and create value by building efficient organizations and offering potentially well-paid jobs to others. While the entry of an additional entrepreneur typically reduces some individual wages, we show that it always raises the average wage and depresses the average income of incumbent entrepreneurs. This result may help explain the empirically low returns to entrepreneurship. 相似文献
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公司治理与企业家精神 总被引:50,自引:2,他引:50
传统公司治理理论强调对于企业控制权的控制,而淡化了企业作为企业家精神租金创造的意义。本文通过对公司治理与企业家精神的内在逻辑分析,提出公司治理实质上包含着朝向企业家精神的保健机制与激励机制,其共同作用影响企业家精神的发挥从而决定了公司治理的绩效。在理论分析的基础上,本文利用上市家族、国有企业的数据对理论假设进行了实证检验。结果证明,就家族企业而言,激励机制对企业家精神具有显著的正向促进作用,保健机制则表现为不作为或失灵;就国有企业而言,激励机制对企业家精神无显著影响,保健机制则对企业家精神具有较为显著的“倒U型”作用。 相似文献
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激发创业企业集群的创业动力——基于“组织域”层面分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
创业企业集群是企业家的聚集区域,创业者是推动创业企业集群“点-线-面-群”成长和升级的关键因素。本文应用组织社会学中的新制度学派观点,从“组织域”层面解释创业企业集群的发育机理,对以高科技园区为代表的创业企业集群、群内企业以及集群环境进行分析,并提出了高科技园区发展的政策建议。 相似文献
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Pavel Kuchař 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2016,26(2):349-379
Entrepreneurs do more than just buy low and sell high; they sometimes also change our institutions, including our categories of thought. New institutional economics has been examining incentives that drive individuals to bring about market-supporting institutional arrangements. There is, however, an aspect of entrepreneurship conducive to institutional changes that has been neglected by contemporary institutionalist theories and that remains underdeveloped in entrepreneurship research. When and how does entrepreneurship bring about institutional change? I suggest that entrepreneurs are agents of institutional change when cultural categorization is ambiguous with regard to the proper and permissible applications of novel artifacts. Motherhood, for example, used to be a simple category, but surrogacy changed that radically. Examining newspaper evidence, social surveys, statutory law, and judicial cases, I show how entrepreneurs, by provoking a change in interpretation and judgment, challenged the existing institutional legal ordering of procreation turning a technically feasible method of surrogacy into current practice. 相似文献