环境规制对企业绩效影响的实证研究

为探讨环境规制对企业绩效的影响,借助SCP（Structure-Conduct- Performance）分析框架,构建了环境规制、市场结构、企业行为以及企业绩效关系的结构方程模型,以重污染企业为例,通过问卷调查,实证研究了环境规制下结构、行为和绩效之间的关系。结果表明,环境规制能够对市场结构、企业行为和企业绩效产生影响,但在环境规制的作用下,市场结构与企业行为之间、企业行为与企业绩效之间的影响并不显著。     

企业环境供给与企业绩效的关联性

从企业与环境相互作用的机理入手,分析企业环境供给与企业绩效的关系。将企业环境供给分为供给速度、供给深度和供给广度,与企业绩效共同纳入研究框架,提出理论模型和研究假设。以149家企业为样本,通过大样本的实证研究,对所提的理论假设进行实证验证。研究结果表明,概念模型基本通过了验证,除企业环境供给广度对企业绩效没有显著影响外,企业环境供给速度和企业环境供给深度对企业绩效存在显著的关联性影响。     

小微企业生态环境与企业创新绩效——基于江苏省调查数据的实证研究

该文采用江苏省13个地级市2864家小微企业调查数据,通过构建结构方程模型,探讨小微企业生态环境对企业创新绩效的影响及作用机制,揭示小微企业创新环境在生态环境及企业绩效之间的中介效应。研究发现,小微企业生态环境(金融环境、政策环境、生产环境、市场环境)对企业绩效有显著正向影响。创新环境在市场环境、政策环境、金融环境和企业绩效之间起到部分中介作用。金融环境、政策环境、市场环境对小微企业创新环境有显著正向影响,且影响程度由大到小依次为市场环境、政策环境、金融环境。     

动态能力理论视角下战略柔性对企业绩效的影响研究---差异化动态环境规制强度的调节效应

当前企业推进绿色转型进程、提升企业绩效,是实现高质量发展的重要途径。鉴于企业主动应对内外部因素联动影响的重要性,以动态能力理论视角,在探讨了企业变革发展驱动机制的基础上,尝试构建动态环境规制嵌入下的战略柔性与企业绩效的理论框架。分析并实证检验了战略柔性对企业绩效以及差异化强度的动态环境规制在二者关系中调节效应的作用机理和边界。研究结果显示,当前情境下,前瞻柔性、响应柔性对企业绩效均有显著的正向影响,且响应柔性的贡献度较高;两者交互效应亦能显著的正向影响企业绩效;表明企业对环境变化的预测、反应能力以及将两者协同配合是绿色转型发展的重要措施。一般强度的动态环境规制在前瞻柔性、响应柔性与企业绩效的关系中均不起显著的调节效应;高强度动态环境规制仅在响应柔性和企业绩效的关系中起显著负向调节效应;表明动态环境下,一般强度的政府规制政策对企业的决策和创新等行为更多的是无显著影响,充分尊重其自主发展;同时政府要根据环境变化,合理控制环境规制实施强度,谨防给企业应对环境冲击造成额外的负担。综合研究结果,提出企业加强多重柔性机制建设的力度和政府注重环境规制政策引导作用的策略,最终实现各利益相关者协同推进高质量发展的目标。     

环境审计、环境信息披露与企业环境绩效

环境审计作为国家环境管理的重要手段,在关注环境治理与生态环境效益时也必定会对企业环境绩效产生一定影响。论文基于我国沪市A股工业企业2014—2017年的面板数据,实证检验了环境审计、环境信息披露与企业环境绩效之间的关系。结果表明:(1)环境审计与企业环境绩效显著正相关,且在不同的产权性质和法制环境下表现出一定的差异。(2)环境信息披露在环境审计对企业环境绩效的影响中呈正向调节作用。研究成果验证了环境审计对企业环境绩效的促进作用,一方面拓展了工业企业环境绩效的影响因素研究,另一方面为促进生态文明建设和企业绿色发展提供了重要的启示。     

绩效提升 社会责任 共生发展——企业绩效评价研究综述

企业在其长期战略目标导引下,必须不断营造和保持企业发展的和谐环境,追求合作共生(symbiosis)与共赢,在此基础上不断提升企业自身的创新能力和核心竞争力,才能使企业实现可持续发展的目标。经营绩效、财务绩效与社会绩效构成了企业共生战略绩效体系的一个"绩效链",并形成一个循环闭合系统,即经营绩效驱动财务绩效,进一步驱动社会绩效,社会绩效再驱动经营绩效,完成一次循环。依次往复,犹如时钟。随着时间的推移,同时随着社会绩效的提升,每循环一次,经营绩效和财务绩效将随之得到提升,并形成良性的、永续的、共生的战略绩效评价模式。     

环境不确定下企业孵化网络治理机制对治理绩效影响研究

从企业孵化网络本身以及环境视角分析了企业孵化网络治理绩效的影响因素,通过企业孵化网络治理机制对治理绩效关系的实证分析,验证了环境不确定下企业孵化网络的契约治理机制、管理治理机制对治理绩效的影响。结果表明:企业孵化网络治理机制中的契约治理机制、关系治理机制对治理绩效具有正向调节作用;环境不确定性会扩大或缩小治理机制对治理绩效的作用强度。企业孵化网络在高市场不确定性环境下,采用关系治理机制的绩效较好;在高技术不确定性环境下,采用契约治理机制的绩效较好。     

企业财务目标的再认识

企业财务目标是指企业财务活动在一定环境和条件下应达到的根本目的。是评价企业财务活动是否合理的标准,它决定财务管理的基本方向。企业财务目标是财务决策的准绳、财务行为的依据、理财绩效的考核标准,明确企业的财务目标对加强企业管理,不断提高企业经济效益,促进企业实现经营目标都有重要意义。     

企业财务目标的再认识

企业财务目标是指企业财务活动在一定环境和条件下应达到的根本目的.是评价企业财务活动是否合理的标准,它决定财务管理的基本方向.企业财务目标是财务决策的准绳、财务行为的依据、理财绩效的考核标准,明确企业的财务目标对加强企业管理,不断提高企业经济效益,促进企业实现经营目标都有重要意义.     

西部矿产资源企业可持续发展能力评价

有效的评价体系是引导企业实现可持续发展的重要标准。本文在三重绩效理论基础上建立以经营状况、社会责任、环境友好为目标,以生态利润观为导向,以资源控制、生产技术、环境绩效为视角的企业可持续发展能力综合评价体系,对遴选出的西部21家矿产资源企业可持续发展能力进行评价。研究结果表明,经济、社会、环境三方面均衡发展的企业其可持续发展能力更为优秀。     

Economic evaluation of extended and conventional prophylaxis with enoxaparin against venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery for abdominal cancer

Summary

This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of extended enoxaparin prophylaxis (EEP) and conventional enoxaparin prophylaxis (CEP) compared with conventional unfractionated heparin prophylaxis (CUP) against venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgery for abdominal cancer.

A decision tree model compared CEP (enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 8±2 days), EEP (CEP plus 21 days outpatient prophylaxis with enoxaparin 40 mg once daily), and CUP (unfractionated heparin (UFH) 5,000 IU three times daily for 8±2 days). The primary effectiveness measure was symptomatic VTE. Secondary effectiveness measures included life-years gained.

CEP was associated with reduced costs and similar rates of symptomatic VTE compared with UFH. The cost per life year gained with EEP was estimated to be £15,200 compared with UFH and £22,700 compared with CEP.

Extended prophylaxis reduces symptomatic VTE events but increases cost. In patients undergoing surgery for abdominal malignancy, conventional prophylaxis with enoxaparin 40 mg once daily was found to be at least as effective as UFH, and cost saving at current prices.     

论区域发展目标

在国家实施西部开发的大背景下，我国的区域发展进入了一个新时期，一系列区域发展相关问题需要开展广泛深入的研究，其中，区域发展目标这一关键问题的研究显得尤为迫切而重要。本文从区域发展目标的概念认识及基本特性分析入手，指出区域发展目标具有层次性、动态性、时间性、地域性特征，是一种兼顾经济、社会、生态环境三维发展空间的综合性目标体系，并提出制定区域发展目标的依据，分析了区域发展目标冲突的实质及可能表现，概括了几种目标冲突协调的方法和模型。     

会计目标的内涵解读与多视角分析——从两个异质性说起

将会计目标作为财务会计概念框架的逻辑起点已成为世界各国的共识,但在具体的会计目标定位上必然涉及到许多相关因素.会计目标所要解决的两个基本问题是会计信息的使用者是谁,使用者需要什么样的会计信息,也就是存在会计信息使用者的异质性和其信息需求的异质性.本文正是从这样两个异质性展开,对几个相关概念加以区分,进而挖掘会计目标的内涵,对会计目标的影响因素和特征进行剖析,并阐释了会计目标实现的内含假设和我国会计目标的现实定位,最后从经济学的角度对会计目标进行了多视角分析,从而丰富对会计目标的理解.     

What We Owe Our Children, They Their Children, …

Egalitarian theorists, since Rawls, have in the main advocated equalizing some objective measure of individual well‐being, such as primary goods, functionings, or resources, rather than subjective welfare. This discussion, however, has assumed, implicitly, a static environment. By analyzing a society that survives for many generations, we demonstrate that equality of opportunity for some objective condition is incompatible with human development over time. We argue that this incompatibility can be resolved by equalizing opportunities for welfare. Thus, “subjectivism” seems necessary if we are to hope for a society that can both equalize opportunities and support the development of human capacity over time.     

Does the sophistication of use of unemployment insurance evolve with experience?

Abstract The subject of this paper is the repeat use of UI/EI benefits in Canada. The first objective is to investigate empirically the pattern of adjustment that UI users exhibit over a multiple claim horizon. Our secondary objective is to investigate a behavioural channel that might potentially underlie observed adjustment effects, namely, individual learning effects. We estimate an econometric model of how certain features of their claims change as they file subsequent claims. We find strong empirical patterns suggesting that there does appear to be some sort of an adjustment process; beneficiaries tend to approach a desired value for these particular facets of their UI claims. There appears to be some process of growing sophistication of UI use – which some might label ‘gaming the system’– reflecting the adjustment of claims and the concomitant employment patterns to the provisions and rules of the regime. We also uncover evidence in favour of the existence of individual learning effects.     

Key market values for bottled wine in an emerging market: product attributes or business strategy?

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the emerging bottled Chilean red wine market and studies the main determinants of the consumer price of wine sold on the domestic market. A hedonic price function was estimated for a sample of 810 wines using a quantile regression (QR) model. The database contains three variable groups to explain price: objective variables (national, international and vine quality designations), subjective variables (wine score) and business strategies used by wine producers. Results show that some objective variables have a greater impact on price than the wine score (a subjective variable) and business strategies, which vary for each quartile of prices analysed. Finally, this information will allow companies to design and implement marketing strategies to inform the consumer about the importance of some variables in the price of their product.     

US–Japan Trade Frictions: The Past,the Present,and Implications for the US–China Trade War

The United States and Japan have been involved in trade frictions over a number of products including textiles, steel, automobiles, semi‐conductors, and agricultural products over the last 50 years. US–Japan trade frictions have taken basically two forms: (i) the United States attempting to restrict Japan's exports to the United States; and (ii) the United States attempting to increase its exports to Japan by “opening” the Japanese market. By putting pressure on Japan to adopt necessary measures, the United States sought to achieve two main objectives: (i) to reduce its trade deficit vis‐à‐vis Japan; and (ii) to protect and/or promote US industries. The United States failed to achieve the first objective, while some success was achieved for the second objective. The United States triggered a trade war against China with the objectives of: (i) reducing the bilateral trade deficit; and (ii) stopping unfair trade practices by Chinese firms such as violations of intellectual property rights and forced technology transfer. Based on the experiences from the US–Japan trade frictions, the United States may achieve some success for the second objective, but not for the first. The chances of achieving the second objective would increase if the United States cooperates with countries such as Japan and the European Union, which are faced with similar problems.     

Completing the State Space with Subjective States

We define an opportunity act as a mapping from an exogenously given objective state space to a set of lotteries over prizes, and consider preferences over opportunity acts. We allow the preferences to be possibly uncertainty averse. Our main theorem provides an axiomatization of the maxmin expected utility model. In the theorem we construct subjective states to complete the objective state space. As in E. Dekel et al. (Econometrica, in press), we obtain a unique subjective state space. We also allow for preference for flexibility in some of the subjective states and commitment in others. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: D81.     

企业财务管理目标的多样性

企业财务管理的目标分总体目标和具体目标，总体目标具有代表性的提法是：总产值最大化、利润最大化和财富最大化，其中财富最大化是最合理的理财目标。具体目标主要有：筹资目标、投资目标、利润管理目标、经济效益目标和社会效益目标。企业理财不仅要实现具体目标，而且要实现总体目标，才能提高资金的使用效益。不同类型的企业财务管理目标的侧重点不同。     

The responsiveness of industry wages to low‐frequency shocks in Canada

Abstract The first objective of this paper is to examine the empirical relationship between low‐frequency shocks to labour demand and average wages on an industrial basis using a Canadian longitudinal data set. We estimate a fixed‐effects model that controls for workers’ unobservable attributes. The second major objective is to extend the existing industry‐based literature by estimating a specification allowing for a comparison between the degree of wage responsiveness of within‐firm stayers and between‐firm movers. The findings indicate that average wages by industry tend to respond positively to low frequency changes in employment, and that there is some degree of wage flexibility within firm‐worker matches.