知识员工组织职业生涯管理对知识共享的影响——以组织承诺为中间变量的一个实证研究

知识共享对于知识密集型组织来说具有重要的意义，但是较少有实证研究来探索组织职业生涯管理在促进知识共享中的重要角色。本文以知识员工为研究对象，从实证的角度，探索了组织职业生涯管理对知识员工共享知识的影响。结果表明，组织职业生涯管理在塑造员工对组织承诺方面起着重要的作用，而组织承诺将显著影响员工共享知识的意愿和行为。上述结论对于知识员工的管理具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。     

组织承诺、知识共享和个体创新行为的关系研究

本文以企业一线员工为研究对象,探讨了企业一线员工的组织承诺和个体创新行为的关系,同时检验知识共享在二者之间所发挥的中介作用。结果显示,组织承诺和个体创新行为二者之间存在显著的正向关系,其中情感承诺和规范承诺对个体创新行为的正向影响显著,而持续承诺对个体创新行为的正向影响不显著;知识共享确实在二者之间发挥了中介作用。另外,不同人口统计学特征分别对组织承诺和个体创新行为产生不同的影响。     

职场友谊、组织情感承诺与离职倾向:以酒店员工为例

职场友谊一直是国外研究的热点,并被实证研究证明对员工态度及行为具有重要影响,但国内鲜少有学者对这类问题进行深入探索。本文以酒店员工为样本,采用层级回归模型,深入分析了职场友谊对组织情感承诺、工作满意度及离职倾向的影响机理。结果表明,职场友谊显著地正向影响组织情感承诺,并通过组织情感承诺的部分中介作用影响工作满意度,对离职倾向存在显著的负向影响,组织情感承诺和工作满意度起部分中介作用。本文的研究结果为酒店行业通过改善员工关系提高工作满意度、降低离职意图提供了新的视角,并在一定程度上丰富了员工积极心理学和积极组织行为学的研究成果。     

高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为模型构建

基于以往高绩效工作系统能够积极影响员工角色外行为的结论，通过个体感知视角探索高绩效工作系统对组织公民行为的影响，以及员工发展投入感知和组织情感承诺的中介效用。通过对280份科技型企业员工样本的实证分析得出：①高绩效工作系统对员工组织公民行为具有显著正向影响；②员工发展投入感知、组织情感承诺在高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为间起部分中介作用。在理论上丰富了高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为的相关研究，推动了两者中间机制的研究工作。同时，在实践方面，研究结论可为科技型企业提升其员工组织公民行为提供参考。     

伦理型领导影响员工知识共享行为机理研究——一个调节中介模型

利用社会学习理论和社会交换理论以242个配对样本数据研究了伦理型领导与员工知识共享的关系,以及组织承诺的中介作用和集体主义导向的调节作用。研究结果表明,伦理型领导对员工知识共享有显著正向作用;组织承诺起到了完全中介作用;集体主义导向调节了组织承诺对知识共享行为的影响,在高集体主义下,伦理型领导对员工知识共享影响更强。最后讨论了研究的理论与实际意义。     

心理契约理论在人力资源管理中的应用

20世纪60年代，心理契约理论被引入管理领域，成为西方行为组织和管理领域中的一个热门话题。组织中的契约是联系组织和员工的心理纽带，也是影响员工行为态度的重要因素，它会影响到员工的工作绩效、工作满意度、对组织的情感投入等等。心理契约对于组织中形成良好的雇佣关系、人力资源的合理应用、改进聘用手段及激励手段有重要的指导意义。     

高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为模型构建——PIED和情感承诺的双中介作用

基于以往高绩效工作系统能够积极影响员工角色外行为的结论,通过个体感知视角探索高绩效工作系统对组织公民行为的影响,以及员工发展投入感知和组织情感承诺的中介效用。通过对280份科技型企业员工样本的实证分析得出:①高绩效工作系统对员工组织公民行为具有显著正向影响;②员工发展投入感知、组织情感承诺在高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为间起部分中介作用。在理论上丰富了高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为的相关研究,推动了两者中间机制的研究工作。同时,在实践方面,研究结论可为科技型企业提升其员工组织公民行为提供参考。     

新员工主动社会化行为与组织承诺关系研究——以社会资本为中介变量

为了探索新员工主动社会化行为影响组织承诺的过程,本文对来自企业的401个有效样本进行了实证分析。本研究运用层级回归的方法,控制了人口统计变量的影响后,发现员工的搜寻信息和搜寻绩效反馈行为对组织承诺有直接的正面影响,同时,通过员工社会资本对员工组织承诺产生了间接的正面影响。社会资本在员工搜寻信息和搜寻绩效反馈行为影响组织承诺的机制中起部分中介作用。员工的关系构建行为对组织承诺没有显著影响,但对员工社会资本存在显著的正面影响。     

企业员工组织信任对工作态度影响的实证研究

随着人们对组织信任的重要性的认识日益加深,组织信任成为许多学科研究的热门课题。尽管国内外已有部分学者对组织信任的影响作用进行了实证研究,但遗憾的是实证研究都不系统,特别是缺乏对员工工作态度影响机制的研究。本文试图构建一个包括组织信任、工作满意度和组织承诺在内的概念模型,并通过结构方程模型进行实证检验,以探索企业员工对其工作态度（工作满意度和组织承诺）影响的内在机制。研究结果证明,员工组织信任对组织承诺的直接影响作用不显著;组织信任完全通过工作满意度对组织承诺产生显著的间接影响作用;工作满意度是企业员工组织信任对组织承诺起完全影响作用的中介变量。     

雇佣保障与员工创新行为的双路径关系模型研究

为了应对动荡的外部环境,组织如何提高员工的创新能力和激发员工的创新行为已经成为当前管理研究者和实践者亟待解决的重要课题。基于社会交换理论,运用"组织实践—员工心理感知—员工行为"的关系范式探讨雇佣保障、组织支持感与员工创新行为的关系,分析了雇佣保障通过工具性和情感性双路径,对员工感知到的来自组织的工作性支持和情感性支持的作用,及其对员工创新行为的影响。这个理论模型将为今后的实证研究提供基础和方向。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Simulating the Effect of Regulatory Systems in a Fishery, An Application to the French Driftnet Albacore Fleet

With a thin economic component, most bio-economic models of fisheries failto assess the effects of the regulation systems on firms. In order to analysethe short term consequences of different management schemes, a simulationmodel is applied to the French driftnet albacore fleet: licence allocation withdriftnet regulation, individual quotas, and individual transferable quotaswithout any input control. Vessel technology is estimated by using the datacollected, and groups of vessels are distinguished according to criteria ofperformance. We present the adjustment within firms and between groupsunder different scenarios (limited entry with and without driftnetregulation, individual quotas and individual transferable quotas allocation),and we compare their results in terms of quasi-rent value and otherindicators such as hake harvests or dolphin by-catches.     

Knowledge as a Path-Dependence Process

By following a new approach proposed by Cognitive and Neuroeconomics, this paper presents and extends that part of Hayek's theory concerning knowledge in path-dependent terms, and shows that this is a fertile theory, opening new lines of inquiry for contemporary economics. In his theory of knowledge Hayek shows that the dynamics of economic change is path-dependent, in a different and more profound way than in the rest of the path-dependent literature. This literature deals with an important controversy, which will be also discussed and its specific and original meaning will be highlighted. As it will emerge, knowledge as a path-dependent process is consistent with cognitive theories of perception and learning and it plays a more important role than is traditionally assumed. Path-dependence is in fact always present in the cognitive dimension of perception and in individual decision-making processes, as well as in the processes of organizational innovation, and even in the macro-dimension of institutional change. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.