豪华饭店员工工作满意度的影响因素研究

当前,浙中地区饭店业的竞争日趋激烈,与饭店企业利益直接挂钩的诸多"人"的因素的重要性空前凸显。没有员工的满意,就没有顾客的满意。本研究在梳理前人有关员工工作满意度文献资料的基础上,以浙中地区豪华饭店员工为调查对象,采取问卷调查法,对他们的工作满意度状况进行了调查,并运用SPSS软件对所获得的数据进行描述性分析、信度与效度分析、因子分析、方差分析,最终找出影响饭店员工工作满意度的影响因素并予以分析。     

国内外传统服务业员工工作满意度研究述评

国内外许多研究表明,员工工作满意度是企业发展的"晴雨表",是诊断组织现状最为重要的"温度计"和"地震预测仪",它与顾客满意度、员工流动率、工作绩效、甚至企业利润等都密切相关。然而,随着我国服务业的快速发展,企业利润不断增长,服务业的主体、服务的提供者——服务业员工并没有因此而感到满意,他们的工作满意度普遍较低。首先,文章回顾了有关员工工作满意度定义的研究。然后,说明了服务业员工工作满意度的效应,分析了服务业员工工作满意度的影响因素,并指出了相应的解决措施。最后,指出了服务业员工工作满意度的未来研究趋势。     

员工满意度实证研究

员工满意度不是一个新的管理话题,却是一个永恒的管理话题。笔者通过实证研究,对与员工满意度相关的个人因素、工作因素和企业因素进行了分类研究。研究认为年龄、企龄是与员工满意度关系最密切的个体因素,工作岗位、工作压力程度、员工知识、技术与工作的匹配程度、员工对工作学习机会、自主性、挑战性、领导作风与同事关系、社会意义等的认知是与员工满意度密切相关的工作因素,企业发展前景则是影响员工满意度的重要企业因素。     

高科技组织知识型员工满意度评价实证研究

知识型员工是高科技组织核心竞争力的主要构成要素。以某研究所知识型员工为研究对象,通过设计调查问卷,采用工作要素综合评价法进行了满意度的实地测评,分析了影响满意度的关键因素,并对统计特征因素与满意度之间的关系进行了研究,提出了改进知识型员工满意度的建议。     

知识型员工的工作满意度与组织承诺关系研究——以西安高新区科技型企业为例

本文在个人特征影响工作满意度,工作满意度影响组织承诺这样一个递进的逻辑框架下,以西安高新区科技企业的知识型员工为研究对象,从分析员工的个人特征入手,研究工作满意度与组织承诺之间的关系,为工作满意和组织承诺探寻分析的微观基础。与以往研究结论不同的是,本文的方差分析结果表明,职务与工作满意度中个人因素维度(F3)不相关,这从侧面反映出在所调研的样本企业中普遍存在员工之间虽然存在职务差异,但同样存在实现成就感的机会缺失;相关分析的结果表明,工作满意度的3个维度与持续承诺(F6)之间均无显著相关性,本文分析认为,工作满意度代表与工作相关的态度,涉及的经济性指标如工资和福利等因素较少,而持续承诺是建立在经济原则的基础之上,因此,提升员工对组织的持续承诺不仅仅是提升员工工作满意度,还需从工资和福利等经济指标入手。     

共创价值对顾客忠诚和员工工作绩效的影响

利用对420名消费者的问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型实证分析了共创价值是如何影响顾客满意和员工工作满意度、进而如何作用于顾客忠诚和员工工作绩效水平的。结果表明:共创价值与顾客满意显著相关,并对顾客满意具有促进作用;顾客满意对顾客忠诚具有促进作用;共创价值与员工工作满意度显著相关,并对员工工作满意度具有促进作用;员工工作满意度对其工作绩效具有促进作用;顾客满意与员工工作绩效显著相关,并对员工工作绩效具有促进作用;员工工作满意度与顾客忠诚显著相关,并对顾客忠诚具有促进作用。     

煤炭行业知识型员工工作满意度调查研究

本文以对煤矿企业知识型员工进行的问卷调查为基础,构建员工工作满意度模型,从描述性统计结果对满意度进行了探讨.并通过了解某煤炭企业知识型员工工作满意度现状及影响因素,以反映煤炭行业知识型员工工作满意度情况,并根据双因素理论对如何提升工作满意度问题提出了建议.     

论员工满意度与工作业绩的关系

市场经济无论怎么发展,都不会改变企业追求利润的目标.作为企业利润最直接的创造者-员工,他的工作状态、工作的满意程度,将会影响到员工工作的积极性与员工的工作绩效,进而影响到企业利润.本文研究了员工满意度与工作绩效的关系.     

中小企业知识型员工工作满意度影响因素研究——以内蒙古案例为例

知识型员工的工作满意度是中小企业激励员工在工作中发挥潜能,提升企业价值的极好切入点.本文通过对内蒙古部分中小企业知识型员工调查,设计了适合内蒙古中小企业知识型员工工作满意度问卷,揭示了内蒙古中小企业知识型员工工作满意度的影响因素.     

提高薪酬管理满意度的途径

一、引言员工对薪酬满意体现了知识经济时代“以人为本”的现代企业人力资源管理理念,它是整个企业满意体系的核心和起点。员工的满意度问题很早就在西方管理实践中产生,据统计,上个世纪90年代,欧美有三分之二的企业普遍采用员工满意度的管理来提高企业竞争力和绩效,并取得良好的效果。国外一个民意调查组织在研究了以往20年调查的满意度因素的数据后发现,员工都将工资与收益视为最重要或次重要的反映满意度因素的指标。因此,让员工从薪酬上得到满意,是现代企业人力资源管理研究的一个重要课题。目前一些企业的经营业绩出现滑坡,员工失去工…     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

The greenhouse effect: Damages,costs and abatement

The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO₂ in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO₂ eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO₂ emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO₂ saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO₂ emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.     

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY: TRACING THE FLOW OF BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND TRADE

This paper describes flows of basic research through the US economy during the late 20th century. In addition, the paper studies the effect of the flows on scientific papers in industries and fields. This article differs from others in its use of measures of science rather than technology. Together, its results present a picture of the structure of basic research flows in a modern, science-intensive economy. Basic research flows are large within petrochemicals and drugs, and within software and communications. Flows of chemistry, physics, and engineering are common throughout all industries – biology and medicine are almost confined to petrochemicals and drugs; and computer science is nearly as restricted to software and communications. In general, basic research flows are more concentrated within scientific fields than within industries. Our findings concerning the production of scientific papers indicate that the effect of a 1% change in academic R&D spillovers significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers. In addition, within-field effects exceed effects between-fields, while within- and between-industry effects are roughly equal. It follows that scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries do, perhaps because large firms implicitly span a range of industries.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.