生产合作社分配制度分析

广义上 ,只要从事合作生产的合作经济组织均可称为生产合作社。狭义的生产合作社要求较为严格 ,必须具有以下特征 :①不雇用非社员的劳动者 ,社员共同生产经营 ,不独立从事个体生产。②社员须共同出资 ,理论上出资额相当于合作社为满足社员的要求所花去的费用。③资本主与工资劳动者合二为一。④盈余分配权与支配经营权相分离 ,利润按规定的标准进行分配。因此 ,社会主义者认为生产合作社是对小生产者的生产社会化 ,可替代资本主义的企业进行生产。事实上 ,从经济学的角度来看 ,生产合作社确实可以在获得经济效益的基础上 ,实现劳动者的所得…     

对农民专业合作社盈余分配现状的思考——基于湖北省荆州市105家合作社的调查

为了促进农民专业合作社盈余分配规范化,发展农村集体经济,创新农村社会管理。2013年暑假期间,采用调查问卷与访谈等方式,对湖北省荆州市105家合作社的盈余分配现状进行了实地调研。结果显示,盈余分配对农民专业合作社的健康发展具有重要作用,但合作社盈余的分配决策权过于集中,合作社盈余分配项目及比例不完善等,使合作社的盈余分配未按国家相关法律规定有效进行,必须针对农民专业合作社的特点,优化其盈余分配的比例,按时召开社员代表大会,强化盈余分配规范化。     

农民专业合作社盈余分配规则及实践探究

盈余分配请求权是农民专业合作社社员的重要经济权利,关系合作社宗旨和目标的实现.农民专业合作社遵循按惠顾额返利为主、按股金分配为辅的盈余分配原则,公积金可以分割并量化到个人,实行社员个人账户管理制度.立法规定之合作社盈余分配核算繁琐、任意性规定较多,盈余分配实践存在偏离合作社分配原则、公积金提取不规范等问题,法律实施效果差强人意,合作社盈余分配制度亟待完善.     

合作社内部“影响成本”决定因素的实证分析——基于山东省苹果专业合作社的调查数据

鉴于合作社集体产权安排和成员股权无法转让等原因,当存在影响社员利益分享或成本分担的组织决策且上下级信息沟通渠道顺畅时,利益相关者就会试图扭曲组织决策以获取潜在收益,进而产生降低决策效率的影响成本。本文利用山东省苹果专业合作社的调研数据,首先测度合作社内部影响成本规模,然后采用有序Probit模型对合作社内部影响成本的决定因素进行实证分析。研究表明:社员异质性是导致合作社内部影响成本增加的关键性因素;管理者存在外部选择诱惑、采用一人一票制表决方式和合作社扩张社员规模等对合作社内部影响成本也具有正向显著影响。基于此,协调异质性社员的利益诉求、选择合适的组织决策模式和设计合理的管理者激励制度对于转型经济时期农民专业合作社的健康发展至关重要。     

试论合作经济的利益体现

<正> 合作社作为有着共同预算的生产个体,在社会经济活动中必定具有自己的经济利益。合作社的经济利益不是体现在合作社经营的赢利上,而是体现在为社员生产的服务上;不是体现在公有制程度的不断提高上,而是体现在合作制原则的不断强化上;不是体现在合作社资产的逐步扩大上,而是体现在对社员分配的逐步完全上。     

中国合作社的盈余分配制度研究

作为合作社的核心制度之一,合作社的盈余分配制度直接关涉合作社社员的切身利益。同时,分配制度也是影响合作社资金积累和发展壮大的重要制度,确立合理的分配制度意义重大。合作社分配制度的确立取决于对合作社盈余来源和性质的深刻把握,目前的合作社分配方式和结构存在许多缺陷,需要不断完善。重新思考和构建合作社的分配制度迫在眉睫。     

农民专业合作组织的内部人控制问题探析——以广西省桂平市的种植示范合作社为例

基于对广西省桂平市8家农民专业合作社种植示范社的实证研究发现,农民专业合作社成员呈现出高度异质性,合作社股权集中度高,少数核心成员拥有很多的社会资本;而多数普通成员对合作社并不拥有股份,也无社会资本.合作社在运行中表现出严重的内部人控制现象:机构设置上,三会设置较不完善;决策机制上,由少数拥有较多出资额的核心成员掌握,一人一票的民主机制无法有效落实;盈余分配上,普通成员与核心成员分配方式存在差异,与《合作社法》背离.在我国农民专业合作社发展初期,内部人控制是合作社发展中的必经阶段,政府应该将监管机制与支持政策有效结合,来正确引导合作社规范化运作.     

国外合作制经济的发展及启示

从罗领代尔组织公平先锋社以来，按照人社自愿、民主管理、为社员服务和按交易额分配等原则在世界各国成立了数以万计的合作社组织。社会、经济的发展不断地推进着合作运动向纵深发展，并较以往相比合作组织在合作方式、合作对象和合作领域等方面出现了新的特征和发展趋势。一、当代合作运动的特征和趋势互．三元主体合一趋于分离。在古典的合作组织中，所有者是入社的全体社员，经营者是社员中的代表，劳动者是全体社员，所有者、经营者和劳动者三元主体合一，因而社员对财产的增值、劳动者对劳动的报酬以及经营者对经营成果的占有与分配其…     

破产合作社惠顾债权的法律问题探讨

社员对合作社的债权包括惠顾债权和借款债权.我国<农民专业合作社法>规定了合作社破产时农民成员的惠顾债权应当优先受偿,却没有构建与之相匹配的配套措施,由此引发了一系列问题.为了协调农民成员与其他债权人之间利益的冲突,我国合作社破产法律制度应当限制享有惠顾债权的农民成员在债权人会议上的表决权.     

合作社公共服务满意度实证研究——基于290户中小社员的调查证据

基于浙江省290户中小社员的Logistic回归分析表明,由政府部门发起的合作社,其公共服务满意度较高;服务多样化程度、财务公开、经营管理、民主参与、培训次数等直接服务过程以及农户间信任、促进政府与农户间沟通等社会功能对于合作社公共服务满意度具有显著的正向影响。应对各级示范合作社的政策扶持和下乡的部门利益、资本利益进行必要规约,重点扶持能满足中小社员服务需求的"真"合作社;将合作社治理的核心放在保持其公共服务过程对于中小社员的开放性上;注重发展合作社对于中小社员的社会整合功能。     

农民专业合作社收益分配机制及影响因素分析

收益分配制度是确定农民专业合作社和社员关系的关键因素。从决策机制、股权结构、合作社文化等方面分析我国不同地区农民专业合作经济组织收益分配制度,发现多种因素影响我国农民专业合作社分配制度,应从完善合作社社员大会制度、规范合作社的股权结构、完善分配制度等方面建立和完善农民专业合作社盈余分配机制,以实现合作社社会公平和经济效率的双重属性,促进农民专业合作社持续、健康发展。     

试论我国农民专业合作社成员权救济制度的构建

农民专业合作社是我国目前提高农民收入,实现农业专业化、产业化、规模化生产经营,解决"三农"问题,建设社会主义新农村的重要途径。2005年通过的《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》为我国农民专业合作社的发展提供了重要的法律保障。但合作社成员权救济制度的缺失,使得不能实质实现对合作社成员权利的保障,同时也制约了农民专业合作社的发展。我国应逐步建立健全农民专业合作社成员权救济制度,保护农民合作社成员合法权益,为我国农民专业合作社的健康发展保驾护航。     

Organizational structure, redistribution and the endogeneity of cost: Cooperatives, investor-owned firms and the cost of procurement

As an organizational type, cooperatives are in general not the dominant form of enterprise. Nevertheless, cooperatives and cooperative-like organizations do play important roles in a number of sectors, suggesting that in some circumstances they are more efficient than other business forms. This paper explores the importance of membership goals on the relative efficiency of the cooperative form of organization. The cooperative cost (and hence production efficiency) advantage is directly linked to the goal alignment between the cooperative and its members, and is influenced by the extent of income redistribution between members and the degree of rent seeking that takes place in the organization. When there is no aversion to income inequality, the members produce at their first best levels. However, as aversion to inequality rises, the production profile of the members converges to the production profile generated when the members face an IOF. Regarding rent seeking, if the more (less) efficient members are able to get their profits valued more, total output is increased (decreased). As a consequence, consumers may benefit from the lobbying that occurs inside a cooperative where the powerful members are the most efficient agents.     

FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO INVEST IN NEW COOPERATIVE INSTRUMENTS: A CHOICE EXPERIMENT

Globalization of agricultural markets put pressures on producer cooperatives to invest in expansion and growth to safeguard their competitiveness. Availability of capital is limited if farmers do not have incentives to increase their capital contribution. Cooperative literature recognizes the residual rights, transferability, and the appreciation potential of the investment as the potential solutions for the problems that may impede cooperative investments. The objective of this study is to understand farmer preferences regarding investment attributes and the potential for attracting investment capital from members and non‐members. We employ a choice experiment method to test new cooperative investment instruments. The data consist of a questionnaire conducted with 406 Finnish dairy farmers. Random parameter latent class logit model is used in the estimation of the data. The results indicate that most of the respondents regard the new investment instruments positively. However, farmers prefer restricting ownership rights to members. Incentives for members to participate in financing cooperative growth could be designed with capital‐based residual rights, mechanisms for transferability and for the appreciation of firm value. Estimation that considered choice difficulty improved model fit, which highlights the need to address respondent burden also in future studies of hypothetical investments in order to produce unbiased estimates.     

基于投资溢出效应的集中研发联盟合作伙伴投资策略研究

构建了集中研发联盟间的合作研发博弈模型,研究如何通过选择合理的收益分配方式来降低道德风险、增大联盟成员投入量,促进合作研发成功。研究表明:市场收益率较低时,集中研发联盟宜采用按投入比例分配方式来激励联盟成员增大研发投入;市场收益率较高时,集中研发联盟宜采用平均分配方式;增大联盟间的研发投资溢出效应有利于鼓励联盟成员增大研发投入。     

Constitutional Design and Investment in Cooperatives and Investor‐Owned Enterprises

Abstract This paper studies the role of the corporate governance system in cooperatives and in investor‐owned enterprises. We abstract from all possible differences between the two systems except the type of majority needed to take decisions: this is one‐head‐one‐vote for cooperatives and proportional to capital invested in investor‐owned firms. We show that the institutional form chosen matters for the initial investment decision of the agents: in particular we find that members of a cooperative invest less than they would in an investor‐owned enterprise.     

REACHING THE RURAL POOR THROUGH AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN MONGOLIA

This paper focuses on the cooperative sector in central Mongolia. Its aim is to provide new insights into the role and importance of cooperatives among poor rural populations. We analyse cooperatives’ inclusiveness of smaller herders and farmers and cooperatives’ governance structures. The research is based on data collected in selected provinces of the central Töv region. The data were collected for three distinctive target groups – cooperative board members, cooperative members and non‐members. We found that the cooperative sector in Mongolia is strongly affected by the governmental policy regarding wool subsidies, which provides subsidies only to cooperative members and has consequently caused rapid growth in the number of new, free‐riding cooperative members and led to very low levels of members’ self‐identification with their cooperatives. This policy also affects the inner organizational structures of cooperatives. Further, we found indications that poorer farmers tend not to be members of cooperatives and that the overall benefits for non‐members and the general community arising from local cooperatives are rather low.     

农地股份合作社经营模式的效益分析 ——基于湖南省光明村农地股份合作社的个案研究

农地股份合作社的产生有多重原因。基于效益原理,文章首先构建了农地股份合作社经营模式的效益分析框架,然后,通过湖南省光明村农地股份合作社的个案解析,对农地股份合作社的效益表现、效益成因以及效益约束进行了分析,并从效益视角探讨了农地股份合作社的机制优化与制度安排问题,得出结论：作为新时期农村土地经营制度发展的方向,农地股份合作社的成功依赖于一定的条件,因而并不适合在所有的地区推广,需要农民、合作社以及政府等多方主体的共同努力来创造适合农地股份合作社经营的条件,实现合作社经营的效益最大化与可持续。     

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ON SMALLHOLDERS’ TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA

Using household survey data from Ethiopia, this paper evaluates the impact of agricultural cooperatives on smallholders’ technical efficiency. We used propensity score matching to compare the average difference in technical efficiency between cooperative member farmers and similar independent farmers. The results show that agricultural cooperatives are effective in providing support services that significantly contribute to members’ technical efficiency. These results are found to be insensitive to hidden bias and consistent with the idea that agricultural cooperatives enhance members’ efficiency by easing access to productive inputs and facilitating extension linkages. According to the findings, increased participation in agricultural cooperatives should further enhance efficiency gains among smallholder farmers.     

IMPACT OF COOPERATIVES MEMBERSHIP ON ECONOMY IN EASTERN OROMIA: THE CASE OF HARAMAYA AGRICULTURAL FARMERS’ COOPERATIVE UNION (HAFCU)

This study attempts to analyse the impact of cooperatives on the smallholders’ income, productivity, marketed surplus and saving in East Hararghe Zone of Haramaya District. The study is based on primary cross‐sectional data collected from cooperative member and non‐cooperative member household heads. The propensity score matching (PSM) estimates complemented by a bias correction matching (BCM) and Lewbel instrumental variable (IV) regression estimation shows that cooperatives have a positive impact on smallholders’ income and productivity. The findings have strong policy implications. The rural development of the country should work toward strengthening and expanding the existing rural organizations through training and capacity building programmes. It is important particularly establishing new rural‐based organizations that enable rural households to engage in business activities. Doing that may help reduce poverty and increase smallholders’ income, productivity, and capital accumulation.