云南大理州新型农村合作医疗试点运行情况的调查

作为全国新农合(新型农村合作医疗)首批试点之一,云南大理州新农合制度经过3年的发展,在减轻农民医疗负担、增强农民保健意识及促进农村卫生市场良性运转方面取得了初步成效,但也存在着筹资成本高、管理不够规范和医药费用上涨过快等问题,保证新农合长期运行的制度基本还没有建立起来.新农合制度长效机制的建立,必须坚持制度建设与卫生发展双轮驱动、相互促进的思想,要探索创新机制,降低新农合的筹资成本,保证日常工作经费,规范基金管理;同时,要强化卫生服务行为监管,加大乡村卫生投入力度,为新农合的健康运行提供外部支撑条件.     

完善黑龙江省城乡医疗救助制度的探讨

黑龙江省城乡医疗救助制度刚刚起步,各地制度运行尚处于试验和摸索阶段,在城乡医疗救助制度细则、城乡医疗救助公共财政体系、城乡医疗救助监督机制等方面难免出现一些问题。要解决这些问题,需要统一医疗救助模式,建立“守门人”制度;建立医疗救助资金筹资机制;建立医疗救助监督制衡体系;合理界定城乡医疗救助范围和救助标准、简化医疗救助程序;加强与相关制度的衔接及与相关部门的配合;加强基层能力建设、加大培训考核力度。     

完善黑龙江省城乡医疗救助措施的探讨

黑龙江省城乡医疗救助刚刚起步,各地制度运行尚处于试验和摸索阶段,在城乡医疗救助制度细则、城乡医疗救助公共财政体系、城乡医疗救助监督机制等方面难免出现一些问题。要解决这些问题,需要统一医疗救助模式,建立"守门人"制度;建立医疗救助资金筹资机制;建立医疗救助监督制衡体系;合理界定城乡医疗救助范围和救助标准,简化医疗救助程序;加强与相关制度的衔接及与相关部门的配合;加强基层能力建设,加大培训考核力度。     

山西省新型农村合作医疗制度运行研究

2003年,山西省开始试点运行新农合制度,经过11年的运行实践逐步发展完善,形成了覆盖面不断扩大、筹资水平不断提高、医保服务水平不断提高的运行特点。文章分析了山西省新农合制度的运行过程,存在着筹资水平较低和结构不合理、运行效率较低、健全监督体系缺位等问题,提出筹资方式科学化、加强政府管理能力、提升医疗机构服务水平的建议。     

山西省城乡医疗保障制度统筹衔接机制探析

山西省在统筹城乡医疗保障制度过程中,需要在城乡医疗保障制度的管理、筹资、支付等各个方面实现机制上衔接,统一管理体制和经办服务,提升筹资标准和筹资层次,确定支付标准和支付比例,逐步实现三项制度的整合。     

农村社区公共产品供给存在的问题及对策

我国现行的农村公共产品供给机制取得一定成效,但也存在财政转移投入总量不足与结构失衡、"一事一议"筹资机制不完善等问题。原因在于政府"自上而下"的强制性供给、社区组织供给功能的"弱化"、监管的"无力"与"缺失"等。因此,需要在公共产品供给决策机制、筹资机制、监管等不同层面上进行制度创新。     

新型农村合作医疗的公平与效率问题

社会保障制度是公平与效率的统一体,新型农村合作医疗制度也应实现一定程度上的公平与效率的统一,但目前的新型农村合作医疗制度存在有失公平和效率的方面:自愿的"人头税"的缴费形式显失公平,会导致农民参与机会的不公平;保大病的目标定位,易导致参与合作医疗的机会不公平和过程的不公平;筹资机制、所筹基金的管理及给付(发放)机制、监督管理等方面的规定容易导致其运行过程的低效率.     

新型农村合作医疗筹资制度的设计与改进

筹资制度设计是新型农村合作医疗制度有效运行的核心.现行的制度设计虽然引入了政府这个筹资主体,但除中央政府外,地方政府在这项制度中的出资责任并不明晰,社区层面的出资主体在西部地区更是被排除在制度设计之外.因此,应根据各出资主体的能力来确立各出资主体的责任,强化政府筹资的制度安排,增加社区筹资功能,使新型农村合作医疗制度运行更趋理性.     

新型农村合作医疗筹资增长机制的探讨

目前,新农合采取的定额筹资机制使筹资总量水平的提高主要依赖于政府调整筹资幅度的政策变化,缺乏科学依据,不具备自动增长特性。利用“最小二乘法”和“相关与回归”等统计手段,提出人均筹资额的具体测算方法。并以实现一定水平的实际补偿比为目标,测算了未来五年新型农村合作医疗筹资增长需求,结合我国农村居民家庭人均纯收入的增长趋势,提出了建立新型农村合作医疗筹资内在增长机制的具体构想,以期达到新型农村合作医疗筹资增长机制的科学和可持续运行。     

新型农村合作医疗筹资标准的确立研究

新型农村合作医疗制度本质上是一种“互助合作、风险共担”的社会医疗保险制度,其顺畅运行有赖于确定合理的筹资标准.笔者从出资意愿、逆向选择、收入约束等限制条件出发,探讨了新型农村合作医疗筹资标准的确立问题.采用“低中取低”的方式,给出了确定政府与农民出资额的简单规则,为新型农村合作医疗筹资标准的确立提供参考.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )