基于Logit模型大学生自主学习能力影响因素实证分析

通过对黑龙江科技大学及黑龙江农业工程职业学院的问卷调查结果,从微观角度研究了影响大学生自主学习能力的因素。 Logit模型的实证结果显示,大学生自主学习能力受学习兴趣、学习的计划性、学习效率等因素的影响,其中,学习兴趣、学习效率效果显著。     

优化教学管理 提高大学生自主学习意识

高中教育是被动性地给学生灌输知识,极大地削弱了学生的学习兴趣。大学教学管理相对宽松,许多大学生对学习没有引起足够的重视,甚至本末倒置,不把学习放在心上。然而,在科技迅速发展和知识大爆炸的社会背景下,自主学习的能力显得尤为重要。优化教学管理是提高大学生自主学习意识的重要手段。文章通过分析目前大学教学管理中的一些弊端,提出优化大学教学管理的必要性和方法,阐述了自主学习意识的重要性,以期提高大学生自主学习意识。     

网络环境下艺体大学生英语自主学习能力研究

随着多媒体技术的发展,如何在网络环境下,提高大学生的自主学习能力是大学英语教学改革的重点.一直以来,如何提高艺体大学生的英语水平是大学英语教学中一个难点.网络环境下的艺体生自主学习需要他们强烈的自主意识,形成以学生自主学习为中心,教师指导为主导的教学体系,帮助学生转变学习观念,培养他们的自主学习能力.     

在蛙泳教学中浮带浮板辅助教学方法运用的研究

运用文献资料法、实验法等研究方法,以黑龙江科技学院2010级蛙泳普修的大学生为研究对象。分为基础班和实验班,运用浮带浮板进行蛙泳技术辅助教学,通过实验研究结果数据证明浮带浮板辅助教学在蛙泳达标中发挥有效的作用,有利于学生对蛙泳技术的学习和掌握,有利于提高普修学生蛙泳达标的成绩。为以后的蛙泳普修教学达标提供理论与实践依据。     

大学英语自主学习状况的调查与分析

为了全面了解大学生英语自主学习中存在的问题,设计了专门的问卷,通过网络平台对大学生进行了调查。在全面了解了大学的英语学习的目的和兴趣、自主学习的方式、课内外英语学习状况以及对英语学习的自我评价等信息之后,从提升教师教学质量、培养学生英语学习兴趣、加强师生情感交流、合理布置课外作业和提高英语应用能力等方面提出改进大学英语教学建议。     

大学计算机基础自主学习质量评估体系的建立

构建大学计算机基础自主学习体系是提高大学生计算机应用能力的一种有效形式,但如何对其学习效果进行评价,这就需要建立自主学习质量评估体系。本文从目前自主学习质量管理的现状出发,阐述了多元化大学计算机基础自主学习体系构建的主要内容和理论依据,并详细介绍了如何构建大学计算机基础自主学习质量评估体系,并探讨其对于这门课教学实践的启示意义。     

浅析高等数学课程与数学实验相融合

高等数学是高等院校的最重要的公共基础课之一，在高等学校课程体系中占有极其重要的地位。高等数学的知识在工程技术，自然科学、生命科学、经济管理等许多领域都有着广泛的应用，它不仅为开设后续课程提供知识保障，奠定坚实的基础而且也为培养学生的抽象思维能力，分析问题和解决问题的能力，提高学生的综合素质提供了相当大的帮助。但是，相对于其他学科来说，高等数学具有高度抽象性、精确性、应用的极端广泛性三个鲜明的特点。数学建模起源于美国，1985年引入我国，发展很快，截至2007年，已经发展成全国最大的大学生课外科技活动之一，数学建模课更是在全国各个大学蓬勃兴起，其思想方法已成为各大学教学改革的重要方向。近几年，许多院校正在将数学建模教学活动与数学类各主干课程有机地结合起来，通过数学建模的思想方法来提高学生的综合素质以及研究与实践能力。本文主要就数学建模的思想方法和重要意义，谈谈如何融入“高等数学”课程的教学改革中去。     

大学生英语自主学习能力培养模式的探讨

20世纪80年代以来，自主学习受到了广大教育者的广泛关注，并被认为是教育的最终目标。伴随着当前教育体制的改革，大学英语教学改革也在逐步深入和加强，传统的大学英语教学模式已不能适应时代的要求，培养大学生英语自主学习能力成了大势所趋。     

科技创业孵化器对大学生创业绩效影响实证分析

创业孵化器作为一条连接社会与学校的纽带,可让学生迅速接触并融入社会,为学生的自主创业奠定坚实基础。以A大学注册成立的某创业公司为研究对象,运用问卷调查和访谈法进行研究,探讨了科技创业孵化器对大学生创业的绩效影响。依据调查结果,针对该创业公司的经营模式、成效及问题进行了分析并提出建议,以促进大学生更好地就业和创业。     

论高校英语专业教学中学生自主学习能力的培养

在自主学习理论的基础上,以外语学院英语专业教学现状为实例,分析了目前英语专业学生自主学习能力的现状,强调培养大学生自主学习能力是大学英语专业教育教学和现代语言教学理论的必然要求,提出了创设语言学习环境、充分利用多媒体及网络资源引导学生自主学习,逐步培养学生自主学习能力的改革方案。     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

The greenhouse effect: Damages,costs and abatement

The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO₂ in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO₂ eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO₂ emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO₂ saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO₂ emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY: TRACING THE FLOW OF BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND TRADE

This paper describes flows of basic research through the US economy during the late 20th century. In addition, the paper studies the effect of the flows on scientific papers in industries and fields. This article differs from others in its use of measures of science rather than technology. Together, its results present a picture of the structure of basic research flows in a modern, science-intensive economy. Basic research flows are large within petrochemicals and drugs, and within software and communications. Flows of chemistry, physics, and engineering are common throughout all industries – biology and medicine are almost confined to petrochemicals and drugs; and computer science is nearly as restricted to software and communications. In general, basic research flows are more concentrated within scientific fields than within industries. Our findings concerning the production of scientific papers indicate that the effect of a 1% change in academic R&D spillovers significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers. In addition, within-field effects exceed effects between-fields, while within- and between-industry effects are roughly equal. It follows that scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries do, perhaps because large firms implicitly span a range of industries.     

Valuing Mangrove-Fishery Linkages – A Case Study of Campeche, Mexico

This paper explores the value of mangrove systems as a breeding and nursery habitat for off-shore fisheries, focusing on mangrove-shrimp production linkages in Campeche State, Mexico. We develop an open access fishery model to account explicitly for the effect of mangrove area on carrying capacity and thus production. From the long-run equilibrium conditions of the model we are able to establish the key parameters determining the comparative static effects of a change in mangrove area on this equilibrium. We then estimate empirically the effects of changes in mangrove area in the Laguna de Terminos on the production and value of shrimp harvests in Campeche over 1980–90. Our findings suggest that mangroves are an important and essential input into the Campeche shrimp fishery, but that the low levels of deforestation between 1980 and 1990 mean that the resulting losses to the shrimp fishery are still comparatively small. Over-exploitation of the fishery due to open access conditions remains the more pervasive threat, and without better management any long-run benefits of protecting mangrove habitat are likely to be dissipated.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

An Economic Analysis and Simulation of Woodfuel Management in the Sahel

This paper presents an economic framework and a computationalmethodology for assessing the evolution of woodfuel supply costsand the spatial distribution of biomass in a Sahelian woodlandsetting. Spatial data on standing stock and the costs oftransport to market are used to construct a supply curve for fuelto a fuel-consuming location. Given an exogenously specifieddemand, the model simulates, period by period, the extraction,regeneration, and transport of wood fuels. The model is appliedto evaluate the benefits and ecological impacts of scenarios forwoodland management around the city of N'Djamena, Chad.