新型工业化与西部地区农业现代化建设

新型工业化有利于促进西部地区农业科技成果转化、经营制度创新及产业本质提升,给西部地区农业现代化建设带来了新的机遇.在新型工业化背景下,西部地区必须抓住机遇,探索与工业化相适应并具有自己特色的农业现代化道路,即大力推进农业机械化、信息化、合作化和生态化.同时,政府在西部地区农业现代化建设中应发挥主导作用,既要加快基础设施建设,深化教育体制改革,全力打造农业现代化建设平台和培养农业现代化建设人才,又要完善工业反哺农业政策,增强农业现代化建设后劲.     

农民合作社:走中国特色农业现代化道路的重要选择

农民合作社是走中国特色农业现代化道路的重要选择,此重要性可从七个层面加以体认:生态环境是农业现代化的自然根基,而合作社是优化生态环境的重要依托;科技进步是农业现代化的根本动力,而合作社是推动科技进步的重要杠杆;农民素质是农业现代化的关键因素,而合作社是提升农民素质的重要平台;双层经营是农业现代化的制度支撑,而合作社是完善双层经营的重要途径;基础设施是农业现代化的物质基础,而合作社是强化基础设施的重要基石;扶持保护是农业现代化的必然举措,而合作社是落实扶持保护的重要媒介;农业产业化是农业现代化的有效途径,而合作社是推进农业产业化的重要载体.     

农业现代化进程中人力资本困境与新型职业农民培育研究

人力资本对现代农业发展具有积极的作用,目前我国现代农业发展面临农村人力资本存量不足、质量不高的困境。培育新型职业农民是突破这一困境的重要路径,通过健全农民教育培训体系,加大教育投资力度,加强农业教育师资队伍建设,构建新型职业农民准入制度,能够促进新型职业农民培育,提升农村人力资本,进而推动农业现代化进程。     

农业信息化与农业产业化互动机理及对策研究

农业发展的主旋律是＂以信息化推动产业化,以产业化实现现代化＂[1]。通过对农业信息化与农业产业化两者之间的互动机理进行分析,并结合西部地区二者发展的现状,从政府、农业产业化主体以及信息机构三个方面提出了促进西部地区农业信息化和农业产业化协调发展的措施。     

西部民族地区农业现代化的金融支持模式及对策探究

由于西部民族地区相对落后,农业现代化程度低.而农业现代化是实现工业化信息化城镇化的基础.所以农业现代化对于发展农业是至关重要的,而发展农业现代化需要大量资金.农村缺乏资金,不能得到有效的融资,进而影响农村的发展,本文希望从农村金融支持与融资角度出发,提出能够促进农村资金融通的建议.     

当前农业农村发展的主要问题和路线政策选择

我国当前农业成本越来越高,粮食生产安全危机日显;土地制度改革出现很多问题,基层组织涣散,治理政策失效;农业产业开放失控,危及国家安全;农业现代化与农民城市化出现背离,其深层背景是全球性制造业过剩,中国农民工的低工资收入无法支撑农民工城市化的高成本。解决这些问题,要重新考虑中国农业现代化的道路问题,坚守三农的三项基本制度,完善农村土地金融制度,突破改革的意识形态障碍,依法改革。     

中小企业集群发展与西部城镇化的联动推进

城镇是城乡之间的联系纽带和农业现代化的示范区,在西部欠发达地区现代化过程中具有举足轻重的作用.     

东西部地方政府农业财政支出比较研究

从规模、结构与效率三个方面对我国东西部地区地方政府财政支农支出状况进行了比较分析,研究结果显示：东部地区地方政府的农业财政支出的绝对规模总体上要大于西部地区,增长稳定性也好于西部地区;东部地区财政支农支出占财政总支出的比重要低于西部地区,但其财政支农力度要略大于西部地区;2003年以前西部地区地方政府农业财政支出结构的合理性和效率都不如东部,但2003年以后西部地区地方政府农业财政支出结构得到实质性的优化,支蓰资金的效率也超过了东部地区。     

我国农业资源环境保护体系亟待建立

目前我国农业资源环境面临着立法缺失、主体桎梏、制度缺位和政策不足等多维困境,把大力发展农业循环经济作为保护农业资源环境的立足点,是由我国的国情和农业生产方式等现实状况决定的,对于有效利用农业资源、提高农业产业化水平、改善农业生产环境部具有重要的现实意义.     

西部民族地区新农村建设农业制度创新需先行

农业是支撑、农民是关键、农村是载体，而制度是动力。在全面推进新农村建设的新时期，我们在倡导发展新农业、培养新农民、建设新农村的同时，绝不能忽视建立新制度——现代农业制度的作用。西部民族地区是我国新农村建设难度最大，建设涉及面最广的地区。树立民族地区农业制度先行的发展理念，考察应该采取什么样的制度以及怎样利用制度来为西部民族地区的新农村建设服务。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。