国际原油价格波动对中国外贸收支失衡的影响分析

本文以实际汇率波动、贸易条件波动、工资水平波动和外贸收支差额为内生变量,以国际原油价格波动、世界利率波动、加入WTO和金融危机为外生变量,采用结构受限向量自回归(SCVAR)模型,利用2001年1月-2012年12月的数据,实证分析了国际原油价格波动对我国外贸收支差额的直接影响及间接影响。结果表明,结构式模型比简化式模型能够更准确的描述国际原油价格上涨对外贸收支差额的负向影响。在外贸收支顺差持续扩大的背景下,原油价格上升所导致的贸易条件恶化的程度越严重,我国通过对外贸易而遭受的福利损失越大。     

中国粮食市场价格波动的非对称性”——基于傅立叶季节外生性VAR模型的实证研究

基于1998年1月9日到2014年5月23日中国小麦、玉米和大豆批发市场价格指数的周数据,分别运用单变量EGARCH模型和傅立叶季节外生性条件下的VAR模型,对中国单一粮食市场价格波动的非对称性和不同品种粮食市场间价格波动的非对称性进行了实证分析。结果表明:单一粮食市场中,仅玉米市场的价格波动存在非对称性;不同品种粮食市场间价格波动的非对称性表现为小麦市场的价格上涨在短期内显著引发玉米市场和大豆市场的价格上涨,但玉米市场和大豆市场的价格变化对小麦市场价格变化的影响并不显著。上述结果的政策含义为:稳定玉米市场价格,需特别关注可能造成玉米价格下跌的因素;要稳定整体粮食市场价格,稳定小麦市场价格是关键。     

A股市场上的“中石油魔咒”现象及其解释

文章针对A股市场上流传甚广的"中石油魔咒"现象,首次从基本面角度进行了解释,认为造成这一现象的根本原因是国际原油价格对我国股票市场存在显著的负向溢出效应,即当国际原油价格上涨时,对中石油个股产生利好,但对整体宏观经济却构成利空,因而中石油股票价格上涨,整个股票市场却会下跌。进一步研究还发现,这种负向溢出效应具有非线性特征,表现为国际原油价格上涨对股票市场的打压力度要大于其下跌对股票市场的提升力度。这提醒A股投资者相对于国际原油价格下跌,要更加关注国际原油价格上涨带来的投资风险。     

每月核心经济指标

投资增速保持高位,消费增速有所增长。进出口增速的持续放缓,采购经理人指数的持续下行,将会影响市场对宏观经济政策的预期,研究及舆论导向已经率先发生变化。紧缩政策下采购经理人指数持续下行,消费者信心指数因通胀而波动,企业信心指数因出口及消费总额的居高而上升。     

中国房地产价格与宏观经济波动——基于PVAR模型的研究

房地产价格和宏观经济波动之间存在密切的关系。本文基于我国1999—2008年31个省市的面板数据,利用PVAR模型对我国房地产价格和宏观经济波动之间的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,我国的房地产价格和GDP之间存在着双向的互动关系,既相互拉动又相互牵制。通过本文的分析发现,房地产价格的波动受宏观经济的影响更显著一些,房地产价格受宏观经济支持,宏观经济的运行状况对房地产价格的涨跌起到了决定性作用。     

中国蔬菜生产的空间分布及其对价格波动的影响

利用修正的Gini系数和Moran指数,对中国蔬菜生产的空间分布特征进行了考察,然后理论分析了生产空间分布影响蔬菜价格波动的作用机理,并对其影响进行实证检验。结果表明:1中国蔬菜生产呈显著的地理集聚特征。蔬菜生产虽有所西移,但集聚程度依然很高。2生产的空间分布通过作用于流通成本、市场供需及外部环境等因素对蔬菜价格波动产生了重要影响。具体而言,地理集聚增加了流通成本进而推动蔬菜价格上涨。生产的空间分布变化导致东部地区蔬菜供需失衡问题进一步恶化,加剧了蔬菜价格波动。此外,生产的地理集聚增加了主产地蔬菜生产面临的外部冲击风险,加大了蔬菜价格异常波动的可能性。3生产的空间分布对蔬菜价格波动的影响表现出显著的地区差异:主产地蔬菜价格波动较主销地更为剧烈,主产地价格波动主要源于季节变动而主销地主要源于趋势变动。     

资产价格波动对宏观经济影响的SVAR分析

作为金融脆弱性标志的资产价格波动是否应纳入货币政策制定考虑因素,成为近期政策制定者和学者们关注的焦点,而资产价格波动纳入货币政策制定考虑因素的前提是资产价格波动会显著影响宏观经济.本文重点考察中国资产价格对宏观经济的影响程度,选取中国1998年1月-2011年12月的数据建立SVAP模型,同时考虑到2005年前后中国资产市场所发生的大变革,以2005年为分界点进行分段对比研究.实证分析表明,随着中国资产市场化程度的提高,资产价格(股价和房价)对宏观经济的影响越来越显著.为了保证宏观经济稳定增长,中国货币当局应密切关注资产价格波动,将其波动控制在合理范围内.     

我国股市与宏观经济变量的协整分析及因果检验

从理论上得知主要宏观经济变量对股指波动的影响,再对这一问题运用单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验,并建立ECM模型进行实证分析,以考查上证指数波动与宏观经济变量之间的关系。结果表明,股票价格指数与工业增加值增长速度之间存在长期均衡关系,金融机构储蓄存款与工业品出厂价格指数的差分与上证指数的差分之间存在Granger因果关系,差分次数主要受原数据平稳性的影响。最后,给出政策性建议。     

国际原油价格波动对中国PPI影响的经验研究

随着中国近几十年经济的高速发展,中国原油的净进口量也与日俱增,这使得国际原油价格的波动对中国经济的影响越来越大。本文运用多项式分布滞后模型(PDL)、格兰杰因果关系检验以及基于向量自回归(VAR)的脉冲响应函数等方法,针对国际原油价格波动对中国PPI的影响进行了经验分析。结果表明,国际原油价格冲击对于国内PPI在当期没有影响,而在滞后的几个时期内有着显著影响。     

房地产价格与宏观经济波动的实证研究——文献综述

房地产价格和宏观经济波动之间存在密切关系,因此,对二者互动关系的实证研究一直是国内外研究的重要问题。目前,相关的研究文献主要分为两大类：第一类文献主要分析房地产价格和宏观经济基本面之间的关系;第二类文献具体分析了房地产价格和宏观经济的基本变量（利率、消费、收入、通货膨胀率、投资等）之间的因果关系,主要采用时间序列数据、面板数据,运用SVAR、协整、Granger检验等计量模型进行实证分析。同时,可以进一步探讨宏观经济政策和开放经济条件下房地产价格和宏观经济波动的关系。     

国际石油价格冲击研究综述

国际石油价格剧烈波动对2007年世界金融危机爆发起到了推波助澜的作用,并直接影响当前全球经济复苏进程。本文从石油价格及其形成机制、石油价格冲击对实体经济和金融市场的影响以及应对策略等多个方面对石油价格冲击研究文献进行梳理。已有文献多以发达国家为研究对象,在当前全球经济复苏的背景下,结合当前国际石油市场状况与我国国情,提出有价值的研究方向,这是本文拟达到的目的。     

Responses to World Oil and Coal Shocks, in a Short-Run Fuel Substitution Tax Model

This article examines effects on major Australian macroeconomic and structural variables of simultaneous shocks to world oil and black coal prices. The illustrative numerical results have been produced with the short-run fuel substitution tax model, ORANI-LFT. The current version of that model reflects the Australian Governmet's pre-1988 oil regulatory framework, and the simulations reported in this study reflect the recent switch from significant dependence on crude oil levy revenue to petroleum products excise revenue. Empirical results show that combined world oil and coal price shocks lead to substantially different effects than would occur from an oil shock alone. A major implication of this, for a small open economy such as Australia, is that particular attention has to be paid to the interdependence of world energy market, both when analysing the effects of such shocks and when formulating appropriate macroeconomic and energy policy responses. It is also pointed out how the model could be modified for investigating effects under deregulated oil market regimes.     

Liquidity and crude oil prices: China's influence over 1996–2011

Movement in China's money supply is shown to drive the movement in world money supply over the last fifteen years. Structural shocks to G3 (U.S., Eurozone and Japan) real M2 and to China's real M2 are both large over 1996:1–2011:12. The cumulative impact of real G3 M2 shocks on real oil prices is small and statistically insignificant. In contrast, the cumulative impact of China's real M2 on the real price of crude oil is large and statistically significant. Following a sharp fall in real oil price in the last half of 2008, the cumulative impact of China's real M2 on the real price of crude oil is particularly substantial in the recovery of oil price during 2009 from a low of $41.68 for January 2009. The analysis sheds light on the causes of movement in oil prices over the last fifteen years and in assessing the relative importance of China in the upsurge of the real price of crude oil.     

Euro area,oil and global shocks: An empirical model-based analysis

We assess the impact of oil shocks on euro-area (EA) macroeconomic variables by estimating with Bayesian methods a two-country New Keynesian model of EA and rest of the world (RW). Oil price is determined according to supply and demand conditions in the world oil market. We obtain the following results. First, a 10% increase in the international price of oil generates an increase of about 0.1 annualized percentage points in EA consumer price inflation. Second, the same increase in the oil price generates a decrease in EA gross domestic product (GDP) of around 0.1% and a trade deficit, if it is due to negative oil supply or positive oil-specific demand shocks. Third, it generates a mild EA GDP increase and a trade surplus if due to a positive RW aggregate demand shock. Fourth, the increase in the oil price over the 2004–2008 period did not induce stagflationary effects on the EA economy because it was associated with positive RW aggregate demand shocks. The drop in RW aggregate demand contributes to explain the 2008 fall in oil prices, EA GDP and inflation.     

Stock price synchronicity to oil shocks across quantiles: Evidence from Chinese oil firms

This paper investigates behaviour of stock price synchronicity to oil shocks across quantiles for Chinese oil firms. The spillover effects of the oil market on a firm are segregated into firm-specific and market-wide information. First, our results report a higher level of synchronicity by dynamic conditional correlations than by R-square since the former better captures dynamic linear dependence. Second, we find strong evidence of size effect. In particular, stock price synchronicity is generally higher in large-cap firms than in small-cap ones. Oil shocks affect synchronicity in the upper quantiles differently based on firm size. Third, we also find that synchronicity responds to oil shocks significantly in extreme low quantiles, implying that shocks in the oil market are transmitted to Chinese oil firms via firm-specific information. Finally, we determine that oil shocks have little or no immediate impact on stock price synchronicity; instead, cumulative lagged effect is evident. This evidence highlights the lagging effect of spillover of oil shocks on Chinese oil firms.     

THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ON THE U.S. STOCK MARKET*

It is shown that the reaction of U.S. real stock returns to an oil price shock differs greatly depending on whether the change in the price of oil is driven by demand or supply shocks in the oil market. The demand and supply shocks driving the global crude oil market jointly account for 22% of the long‐run variation in U.S. real stock returns. The responses of industry‐specific U.S. stock returns to demand and supply shocks in the crude oil market are consistent with accounts of the transmission of oil price shocks that emphasize the reduction in domestic final demand.     

国际石油价格与通货膨胀的溢出效应及动态相关性

国际石油价格大幅波动不可避免地给全球经济带来了一定程度的冲击和影响。文章采用向量自回归、多元GARCH-BEKK和DCC-GARCH模型对中美两国通货膨胀与国际石油价格之间的均值溢出效应、波动溢出效应及动态相关关系进行了实证检验。检验结果表明,国际石油价格与中国通货膨胀不存在任何方向的均值和波动溢出效应,美国通货膨胀与国际油价则存在双向显著的均值和波动溢出效应;中国通货膨胀与国际油价的动态相关关系显著弱于美国,不易受到国际油价的冲击和影响。从整体上看,当前中国通货膨胀与国际石油价格的关联性并不显著,但随着我国石油消费对进口依赖程度的不断提高,石油安全问题在可预见的未来将成为中国需要应对的一个现实挑战。因此,相关部门应及早采取有效措施,应对未来石油冲击对宏观经济的影响。     

Crude oil and BRICS stock markets under extreme shocks: New evidence

In this paper, we propose an extreme Granger causality analysis model to uncover the causal links between crude oil and BRICS stock markets. Instead of analyzing the average causal relationship, as is usually done, we first decompose the data into three cumulative components and investigate the causality between different combinations of extreme positive, extreme negative and normal shocks. These types of combinations can describe all facets of the interactions between crude oil and BRICS stock markets, especially under extreme shocks. In contrast to the results obtained by the traditional Granger causality test, our empirical findings demonstrate that the effect of oil price changes on the stock markets is stronger under extreme circumstances than under normal circumstances. Furthermore, large upward or downward oil price changes have an asymmetric impact on extreme upward or downward stock price changes. Finally, robustness checks verify the rationality and validity of the extreme Granger causality analysis.     

How is China's coke price related with the world oil price? The role of extreme movements

This paper focuses on the relationship between the world oil price and China's coke price, particularly with respect to extreme movements in the world oil price. Based on a daily sample from 2009 to 2015 and the ARJI-GARCH models and copulas, our empirical results show that China's coke price and the world oil price are characterized by GARCH volatility and jump behaviors. Specifically, negative oil price shocks lead to falls in China's coke returns on the following day while positive oil prices have no significant effects. In addition, current coke returns positively respond to the very recent oil price jump intensity, and a time-varying and volatile lower tail dependence is found between the world oil price and China's coke price. Our results are expected to have implications for coke producers and users and policy makers.     

Oil price shocks and stock market activities: Evidence from oil-importing and oil-exporting countries

While the relationship between oil prices and stock markets is of great interest to economists, previous studies do not differentiate oil-exporting countries from oil-importing countries when they investigate the effects of oil price shocks on stock market returns. In this paper, we address this limitation using a structural VAR analysis. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: First, the magnitude, duration, and even direction of response by stock market in a country to oil price shocks highly depend on whether the country is a net importer or exporter in the world oil market, and whether changes in oil price are driven by supply or aggregate demand. Second, the relative contribution of each type of oil price shocks depends on the level of importance of oil to national economy, as well as the net position in oil market and the driving forces of oil price changes. Third, the effects of aggregate demand uncertainty on stock markets in oil-exporting countries are much stronger and more persistent than in oil-importing countries. Finally, positive aggregate and precautionary demand shocks are shown to result in a higher degree of co-movement among the stock markets in oil-exporting countries, but not among those in oil-importing countries.