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农户兼业的一个分析框架 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文提供了一个分析框架,从理论上分析了兼业的形成机制以及兼业的后果。本文认为,工业工资、农业收入、农业生产最低投入时间、农户劳动力结构以及农户外出可能从事的工作影响了农户的就业选择。同时,在本文提供的分析框架内,作者分析了兼业的农户特征和地区特征。 相似文献
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本文使用2017年山东和江苏两省农户家庭调查数据,将正规信贷配给分离为部分数量配给、完全数量配给、未借贷型价格配给、交易成本配给、风险配给以及自我实施型配给,借助广义倾向得分匹配方法,构建多重处理效应模型,分析不同类型正规信贷配给对农户福利水平影响的差异性,有效弥补以往研究视角的不足以及研究方法存在的缺陷。研究结果表明,上述六种类型正规信贷配给均对农户福利水平产生显著负向影响,降低了农户生产性收入、一般性资产和非基本消费支出,并且农户遭受需求型信贷配给(未借贷型价格配给、交易成本配给、风险配给以及自我实施型配给)的影响程度要大于农户遭受供给型信贷配给(部分数量配给以及完全数量配给),这就意味着:在需求型信贷配给演变为正规信贷配给主要形式的今天,农户福利损失不仅未得到有效改善,反而进一步恶化。 相似文献
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失地冲击下农民福利的改变和分化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据对武汉三里镇的实地调查,运用模型对城乡交错区域农户失地前后的福利水平和福利分布进行了实测和对比分析。研究表明:失地冲击对农户福利的影响具有多重性,福利分布的不均衡对农户福利测度影响显著;失地变迁后,农户整体的综合福利水平下降。从子维度角度,失地后的短期经济收入福利和居住福利没有降低,下降主要是因社会保障、社会心理等保障长久生计生活的子维度福利降低所致;失地冲击促进和强化了福利分布的马太效应,使农户群体失地后的福利分布更加不均衡。 相似文献
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《中国国土资源经济》2020,(2)
基于甘肃省陇西县问卷调研,根据阿马蒂亚·森"可行能力"框架下福利理论,构建农户参与宅基地三权分置政策以后的福利测量指标体系,并使用模糊数学计算政策实施以后福利值水平。研究结果表明:参与这项政策的农户家庭,总体福利水平得到提升,尤其在经济状况方面(0.701),符合"资源变资产,增加农民财产性收入"的政策初衷。但是农户的失业保障、就业机会评价值低于0.5。结论:(1)政策的实施对于农户整体福利的提升是有益的,将其推向全国实行有其可行性;(2)目前的政策落实与法律建设方面有矛盾,如果这一政策最终无法上升至法律层面,未来风险不可控,最终将导致政府威信受损。 相似文献
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《中国农村观察》2017,(1)
本文利用湖北襄阳和云南昆明农户调查数据,考察城镇化进程中失地农户的收入流动性,并采用有序Logistic回归模型从家庭禀赋和风险冲击视角,分析失地农户收入流动性影响因素。研究结果表明,第一,不同类型的家庭禀赋因素对失地农户收入流动性的影响存在异质性。劳动力平均受教育程度越低,收入向下流动的可能性越大;初始收入位置越高,收入向下流动的概率越大;经济支持户数越多,农户收入越可能向上流动。第二,征地后农户经济风险和健康风险对农户收入流动性具有明显的冲击。从风险防范因素来看,参加"土地换社保"项目的失地农户收入更容易发生向上流动。因此,应该增强失地农户经济资本和社会资本,防范农户经济风险和健康风险,降低农户异质性对收入流动性的影响。 相似文献
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本文通过对农户家庭经济行为模式既有研究的讨论认为,新家庭经济学的单一模型对分析农户家庭效用集是适合的.农户通过家庭内部劳动力资本的配置,实现了家庭成员间风险共担、收入共享的家庭收入效用最大化目标.这种农户非契约性的集体行动形成的风险规避和家庭资本积累机制体现出经济理性的“家庭理性”行为,对于分析农户经济行为及进行经济学建模具有重要意义.在“家庭理性”的分析框架下,农户对外出务工和农业经营有着不同于传统研究的策略选择集、行为特征和劳动力资本配置模式. 相似文献
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王文 《国土资源科技管理》2000,17(3):52-55,44
本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。 相似文献
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国土资源与可持续发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
周永康 《国土资源科技管理》2000,17(1):1-10
今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳… 相似文献
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江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。 相似文献
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The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects. 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment. 相似文献