台湾土地估价与地价管理

土地估价方法及应用台湾土地估价的基本方法主要有：买卖实例比较法、收益资本化法、成本法和土地开发分析法等。由于台湾土地估价受日本影响很大，因此台湾在土地估价实务中主要是采用买卖实例比较法。近年来，随着日本地价泡沫的破灭，台湾和日本一样，也在反思对买卖实例比较法过于倚重的不当之处，开始重视收益资本化法等方法的应用。买卖实例比较法。在实际应用中，台湾采用的是间接比较法，即在比较修正过程中要借助假定的标准宗地，首先把比较实例的各项条件进行标准化修正，修正到所在区域标准宗地的条件，再将该标准宗地进行区域修…     

牵住"看不见的手"--土地市场发育对我国城镇地价评估方法的影响

1993年6月,原国家土地管理局颁布《城镇土地估价规程》（试行）,确立了适应我国土地市场不发育条件下的城镇地价评估方法体系。以《城镇土地估价规程》为指导,地价评估工作在全国城镇得到广泛开展,随着土地市场的不断发育和规范,地价评估的基础和条件已发生重大变化,《城镇土地估价规程》确立的城镇地价评估方法体系在实践应用过程中面临的问题日益突出,迫切需要完善和修正,以适应土地市场发展的需要。我国城镇地价评估方法发展和评估实践与土地有偿使用制度改革同步,地价评估方法的发展和实践根本上受制于土地市场发育的程度我国…     

对土地的估价方法及其理论研究

土地价格是土地经济理论研究的重要范畴,也是实际土地转让在经济上的实现形式.本文以理论为基础,重点介绍了3种土地估价方法,有助于更好的理解估价的原理,把握估价的实质.     

专家系统在土地估价中的应用

应用人工智能语言（ＴｕｒｂｏＰｒｏｌｏｇ）初步建立了用于土地估价的专家系统．在收集大量土地估价师经验的基础上，设计了土地估价专家系统的结构，建立了知识库和推理系统，并用结构化系统分析的方法，完成了系统的设计。     

城镇土地估价的相关技术标准分析--<城镇土地估价规程>与<房地产估价规范>比较

研究目的比较分析<城镇土地估价规程>与<房地产估价规范>在技术标准上的差异性,确定未来城镇土地估价的技术规范方向.研究方法文献资料法和比较分析法.研究结果(1)两个技术标准都强调价格的正常性,但土地估价更多从权益角度考虑,突出出让土地使用权的地位,房地产估价更多地从正常市场交易的价格前提考虑,从而导致估价基础的差异;(2)二者估价的方法相近,但术语用词、应用要求存在差别,特别是基准地价的制定和应用在土地估价中有着重要的地位;(3)对土地权益和与之相关的估价目的,土地估价重视不同用途和各种权利状况下的估价操作,房地产估价则重视具体目的估价时对合法原则的遵循.研究结论两个技术标准应逐步统一,以适应规范市场的发展需要,其关键在于明确基准地价在中国估价技术中的重要地位；规范统一专业术语；统一估价目的方法应用要求。     

模糊数学在宗地估价中的应用研究

利用模糊数学方法建立土地估价模型,应用地理信息系统强大的功能进行土地估价,有利于快速客观的进行估价。这种方法通过引入隶属度、权重值、贴近度的概念,然后应用模糊数学择近原则,选择与待估土地相似的交易实例进行修正,从而测算出土地的价格。     

农用地分等定级估价成果共享的元数据研究

农用地分等定级估价成果在土地管理中具有广泛的应用前景,促进了土地管理由"数量管理"向"数量和质量并重管理"的转变.农用地分等定级估价成果数据量大、数据形式多样,数据共享困难.元数据作为信息共享有效途径,可以方便用户快速、准确地发现、访问、获取和使用所需数据.通过探讨元数据技术在实现农用地分等定级估价成果信息共享中的应用,提出相应的元数据标准和共享体系.     

基于GIS的城镇土地估价信息系统设计

土地定级估价信息系统是一种应用空间信息系统的理论和技术方法,在以计算机制图为核心的硬、软件支持下,采用人机对话的交互方式,建立定级估价数据处理的全数字处理方式模式的计算机系统。     

农地定级估价初探

农地定级估价初探单胜道目前，我国理论和实践正着力于对城镇土地估价这一“热门”课题的研究和操作之中，而对农地定级估价的理论研究却极为冷淡，实际操作尚处在试点阶段。因此，有必要就农地定级估价的一些问题作些探讨。一、农地定级估价的意义开展农地定级估价有利于...     

新常态下的新内容——谈《城镇土地估价规程》的修订

<正>《城镇土地估价规程》作为我国土地管理领域的第一批国家标准,于2001年首次颁布,在之后的10余年中,成为土地估价领域的权威技术文件,为建立我国土地"等——级——价"体系、显化土地资产、规范土地市场发挥了重要的技术引导和保障作用。近年来,随着我国土地使用制度改革的深化及相关法律法规的建全,土地权利体系不断完善,土地估价需求更加多样化,对地价评估技术提出了新的要求。特别是党的十八大对深化土地管理     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.