供应链金融能降低融资约束吗?

本文以2009-2018年我国A股上市中小企业为研究样本,以现金及现金等价物的变动为被解释变量,以经营活动产生的现金流为解释变量,运用现金-现金流敏感性模型实证研究供应链金融发展能否有效降低中小上市公司融资约束.研究结果表明:我国中小企业现金-现金流敏感性显著,供应链金融可以有效缓解中小企业融资约束.     

数字普惠金融、供应链金融与融资约束

以2014-2020年我国中小板和创业板上市医药企业为研究样本,根据现金-现金流敏感性模型建立扩展模型,检验供应链金融对企业融资约束的缓解效果以及数字普惠金融对缓解效果的调节作用,最后进行企业经营绩效下的差异化分组检验。检验结果表明:我国中小医药企业存在融资约束现象,且经营绩效欠佳企业的融资约束程度更大;供应链金融可以缓解融资约束,且对经营绩效欠佳企业的缓解作用强于经营绩效良好的企业;数字普惠金融可以正向调节供应链金融对融资约束的缓解效果,且对经营绩效良好企业的增强作用大于经营绩效欠佳企业;数字普惠金融发挥正向调节作用主要通过数字金融的使用深度和数字化程度来实现。     

供应链金融发展与中小企业融资——基于制造业中小上市公司的实证分析

本文从投资—现金流敏感性的角度出发,利用我国制造业中小上市公司2001~2011年的数据,对投资—现金流敏感性进行验证,发现中小企业存在较为明显的融资约束,随着供应链金融的发展其所面临的融资约束得到一定程度地缓解。因此,政府应积极为供应链金融发展搭建政策平台,扮演好服务者的角色;金融机构应将供应链金融作为对中小企业融资渠道的业务创新、提升自身核心竞争力和盈利能力的重要手段;第三方物流企业应加强与企业深度合作提升增值服务价值,在为中小企业系统解决物流综合问题的同时也为企业提供融资服务。     

金融发展、融资约束与现金—现金流敏感性

本文应用Almeida(2004)提出的融资约束模型,以我国A股上市公司2002—2006年期间5702个样本公司为研究样本,对金融发展、融资约束与现金—现金流敏感性三者之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现:我国企业普遍存在融资约束问题,现金—现金流敏感性高,民营企业和中小企业的现金—现金流敏感性高于国有企业与大型企业;金融发展能有效缓解企业的融资约束问题,降低现金—现金流敏感性,但民营企业与国有企业、中小企业与大型企业在金融发展对融资约束的缓解效应和金融发展对现金—现金流的影响方面存在显著的差异。     

数字普惠金融缓解中小企业融资约束了吗？——基于金融市场化进程的实证检验

基于中国金融市场化进程,以深沪A股上市公司样本数据,利用现金——现金流敏感性模型探究数字普惠金融对中小企业融资约束的影响。研究发现,数字普惠金融能够显著的缓解中小企业融资约束;但对不同类型企业的影响存在异质性,相较于大型企业和国有企业,数字普惠金融对民营和中小企业融资约束的缓解作用更显著;进一步研究发现,金融市场化发展的不同阶段会影响数字普惠金融作用于中小企业融资约束。政策含义是：在推动数字金融发展以缓解企业融资约束的同时,应当注重金融市场化的影响。     

内部控制、供应链金融与中小企业融资约束——基于创业板上市公司的经验证据

中小企业融资难一直是政界和学术界所关注的热点问题,而内部控制和供应链金融是缓解中小企业融资约束难题的有效途径。本文利用创业板上市公司2012—2016年的数据,运用现金-现金流敏感性模型,在研究供应链金融与融资约束二者关系的基础上,进一步探究不同内部控制下供应链金融对中小企业融资约束的缓解程度。研究发现,高质量的内部控制、供应链金融均可缓解中小企业面临的融资约束,且供应链金融对内部控制质量低的中小企业融资约束缓解程度更明显,即供应链金融与高质量的内部控制在缓解中小企业融资约束上具有替代效应。在此基础上,对金融机构、政府部门与中小企业自身提出相应的对策建议。     

金融科技、供应链金融与企业融资约束——基于中小板上市公司的经验证据

本文基于2012—2021年深交所中小板企业数据，利用现金—现金流敏感性模型验证得出中小企业普遍面临融资约束。在此基础上建立OLS模型，验证供应链金融对企业融资约束的缓解效应，并发现金融科技的发展能够调节供应链金融对企业融资约束的缓解作用。此外，对中小企业按照信息披露程度进行分组回归的结果说明，供应链金融对信息披露度高的企业融资约束缓解效果更显著。对此，政府方面应采取相关措施，如鼓励金融机构为中小企业提供贷款优惠；推行企业试点政策，扶持金融科技以及供应链金融在行业中的发展；中小企业方面也需结合自身经营情况，制定合理的金融科技应用策略，并提高信息披露程度，最大程度发挥供应链金融的作用。     

金融科技、供应链金融与中小企业融资约束

本文以2014—2020年深交所中小板企业为样本，选取现金—现金流敏感性模型研究发现中小企业面临融资约束难题，在此基础上构建扩展模型，发现供应链金融可以缓解企业融资约束，并且金融科技对供应链金融缓解融资约束具有促进调节作用。另外，通过将中小企业按照金融科技含量高低分组发现，供应链金融对金融科技含量高的企业融资约束缓解效果更显著。因此，本文从中小企业、金融工作者以及政府三个层面提出对策建议，既要关注供应链金融模式的融资效果，又要重视金融科技赋能供应链金融的作用。     

宏观货币政策、区域金融发展和企业融资约束——货币政策传导机制的微观证据

本文以2002—2010年期间深沪上市公司季度数据为基础,从区域金融发展的角度评估了宏观货币政策对企业融资约束的缓解效应,从企业投资层面考察了宏观货币政策的传导机制。文章的实证研究结果显示:1)宽松的货币政策促进了企业扩张投资,通过降低企业投资内部现金流敏感性缓解了企业融资约束,改善了企业金融生态环境。2)区域金融市场的发展激励了企业扩张投资,营造了良好的企业金融生态环境,从而有效缓解企业的融资约束压力。3)区域金融市场的发展强化了宏观货币政策对企业融资约束的缓解效应,优化了宏观货币政策的传导机制。本文的研究发现为宏观货币政策及其区域效应的传导机制提供了企业投融资层面的微观证据。     

数字化转型视角下数字金融对企业投资效率的影响效应分析

以2011—2021年沪深A股和中小板上市公司为样本,分析数字金融对企业投资效率的影响效应。研究结果表明：数字金融能够缓解企业的投资不足,但会加剧企业的投资过度,与A股上市公司相比,数字金融对中小板上市公司的影响程度更大;数字金融影响投资效率的内在机制为缓解企业融资约束,主要表现为提高企业的信贷可得性;数字金融对投资效率的影响主要体现在制造业、软件和信息技术服务业、生产和生活性服务业,数字金融对内控有效企业投资过度的影响不显著。因此,要大力推进数字金融的发展,优化农村地区数字金融环境和强化企业内部控制建设。     

Financial constraints on credit ratings and cash-flow sensitivity

This study investigates whether financial constraints, as measured by the level of credit ratings and their migrations would affect the firm's cash flow allocation policies and reflect the main financial constraints on a firm's cash flow sensitivity of cash. For a given credit quality shock, control for firm-level characteristics and endogeneity of cash flow allocation, our results suggest that firms with higher credit financial constraints have significantly higher cash flow sensitivities on cash holding, investment, and debt financing activities. Our results provide evidence that credit rating risk has a larger impact on cash flow allocation and drives the financial constraints on cash flow sensitivity for various reasons, including precautionary motivation and restricted access to external financing.     

Internal financial constraints,external financial constraints,and investment choice: Evidence from a panel of UK firms

This paper uses a panel of 24,184 UK firms over the period 1993–2003 to study the extent to which the sensitivity of investment to cash flow differs at firms facing different degrees of internal and external financial constraints. Our results suggest that when the sample is split on the basis of the level of internal funds available to the firms, the relationship between investment and cash flow is U-shaped. On the other hand, the sensitivity of investment to cash flow tends to increase monotonically with the degree of external financial constraints faced by firms. Combining the internal with the external financial constraints, we find that the dependence of investment on cash flow is strongest for those externally financially constrained firms that have a relatively high level of internal funds.     

融资约束、支付方式与并购绩效的关系研究

本文利用中国A股上市公司2008～2010年在国内并购的数据,实证检验融资约束是否影响并购支付方式以及公司并购绩效。研究结果发现,融资约束程度的提高增加了公司采用现金支付对价的可能性;收购公司规模和交易规模对支付方式选择也具有显著影响;融资约束公司并购绩效好于无融资约束公司并购绩效;现金支付引起公司并购绩效降低,但是,这种作用在不同融资约束程度公司中存在差异。本文研究意味着融资约束公司遵循融资优序理论;自由现金流假说对于融资约束公司可能不成立。     

Do Acquisitions Relieve Target Firms’ Financial Constraints?

Managers often claim that target firms are financially constrained prior to being acquired and that these constraints are eased following the acquisition. Using a large sample of European acquisitions, we document that the level of cash that target firms hold, the sensitivity of cash to cash flow, and the sensitivity of investment to cash flow all decline, while investment increases following the acquisition. These effects are stronger in deals that are more likely to be associated with financing improvements. Our findings suggest that acquisitions relieve financial frictions in target firms, especially when the target firm is relatively small.     

The impact of the financial system’s structure on firms’ financial constraints

We estimate firms’ cash flow sensitivity of cash to empirically test how the financial system’s structure and level of development influence their financial constraints. For this purpose we merge Almeida et al.’s work, a path-breaking design for evaluating a firm’s financial constraints, with that of Levine, who paved the way for comparative analysis of financial systems around the world. We conjecture that a country’s financial system, both in terms of its structure and its level of development, should influence the cash flow sensitivity of cash of constrained firms but leave unconstrained firms unaffected. We test our hypothesis with a large international sample of 30,000 firm-years from 1989 to 2006. Our findings reveal that both the structure of the financial system and its level of development matter. Bank-based financial systems provide constrained firms with easier access to external financing.     

企业金融资产配置与融资约束的缓解机制:基于流动性管理的分析

企业进行金融资产配置,一方面能够为企业提供流动性,缓解融资约束;另一方面也因投机动机而占用企业流动性资源,加剧融资约束,对实体投资造成挤压。这是形成企业金融化的"投资挤出效应"和"蓄水池效应"两种现象并存的内在机制。为衡量这种内在机制,本文使用2007—2018年我国上市公司样本,对金融资产配置的流动性管理效应展开分析。结果显示:非金融企业的金融收益会推动超额现金的持有,通过超额现金的中介效应引致了融资约束程度的缓解;而企业持有金融资产行为则产生相反的效应。进一步研究发现,在典型的公司治理机制中,无论是外部股东的投票机制,还是来自内部的代理成本与高管持股机制,都在一定程度上推动了金融资产配置产生的流动性效应。     

A note on a semiparametric approach to estimating financing constraints in firms

In this paper, we present a novel approach to modeling financing constraints of firms. Specifically, we adopt an approach in which firm-level investment is a nonparametric function of some relevant firm characteristics, cash flow in particular. This enables us to generate firm-year specific measures of cash flow sensitivity of investment. We are therefore able to draw conclusions about financing constraints of individual firms as well as cohorts of firms without having to split our sample on an ad hoc basis. This is a significant improvement over the stylized approach that is based on comparison of point estimates of cash flow sensitivity of investment of the average firm of ad hoc sub-samples of firms. We use firm-level data from India to highlight the advantages of our approach. Our results suggest that the estimates generated by this approach are meaningful from an economic point of view and are consistent with the literature.     

State-ownership and financial constraints on investment of Chinese-listed firms: new evidence

We examine how state-ownership affects financial constraints on investment of Chinese-listed firms during 1999–2008. We find that although an average sample firm experiences some degree of financial constraints, state-ownership does not necessarily help in reducing the firm's financial constraints on investment. Further evidence shows that state-ownership does not lead to more borrowing from the Chinese banking sector, implying that state-ownership does not necessarily reduce the firm's financial constraints via the state-controlled banking sector. We consider not only the standard factors in the investment equation, but also the firm's equity financing behaviour explicitly. The result is robust to both the conventional proxy for financial constraints, i.e. the investment–cash-flow sensitivity, and a recently developed proxy for financial constraints, i.e. the KZ index. Our results suggest that China's corporatisation movement is effective in that soft budget constraints once enjoyed by former state-owned enterprises have been removed along with the progress of corporatisation. These firms, although still state-involved, can be seen as modern corporations operating in a market environment.     

Bank Concentration and Firm Investment: Empirical Evidence from India

This paper investigates the impact of bank concentration on firm-level investment across firm groups classified according to size, investment destination, and debt maturity structure. Using data of 302 manufacturing firms for the period 2000-2009, we show that elevated financial constraints are associated with small and medium-size enterprises and firms that are dependent on short-term debt and exhibit high levels of sensitivity of investment to cash flow. Our empirical finding confirms that bank concentration exerts a positive impact on firms' financial constraints on investment. This effect is more pronounced for small firms and firms dependent on short-term debt. However, our results are indifferent to domestic versus foreign investing firm groups.     

The Effect of Venture Capital Financing on the Sensitivity to Cash Flow of Firm's Investments

This work studies the effect of venture capital (VC) financing on firms' investments in a longitudinal sample of 379 Italian unlisted new‐technology‐based firms (NTBFs) observed over the 10‐year period from 1994 to 2003. We distinguish the effects of VC financing according to the type of investor: independent VC (IVC) funds and corporate VC (CVC) investors. Previous studies argue that NTBFs are the firms most likely to be financially constrained. The technology‐intensive nature of their activity and their lack of a track record increase adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Moreover, most of their assets are firm‐specific or intangible and hence cannot be pledged as collateral. In accordance with this view, we show that the investment rate of NTBFs is strongly positively correlated with their current cash flows. We also find that after receiving VC financing, NTBFs increase their investment rate independently of the type of VC investor. However, the investments of CVC‐backed firms remain sensitive to shocks in cash flows, whereas IVC‐backed firms exhibit a low and statistically not significant investment–cash flow sensitivity that we interpret as a signal of the removal of financial constraints.