《新资本协议》对商业银行信贷运行的影响——兼论其宏观经济效应

《新资本协议》的出台和实施是银行监管历史上一个具有里程碑意义的事件。本文认为,《新资本协议》特别是内部评级法极大地提高了资本监管的风险敏感度,将对商业银行的信贷增长方式、信贷结构调整和贷款损失准备计提、以及宏观经济运行产生一定的影响。按照目前我国商业银行资本充足水平和资产质量,无论是实施标准法还是内部评级法都将强化信贷扩张的资本约束效应。我国应慎重选择《新资本协议》的实施时机,避免由此对信贷供给和宏观经济运行造成的负面冲击。     

IRB法下公司敞口组合的风险驱动因子计量研究

巴塞尔银行监管委员会针对防范信贷组合信用风险所需要的资本制定的内部评级法,通过风险驱动因子的变化来反映组合回报的变化,并根据风险权重函数,通过风险加权资产转化为与每一项信用风险敞口更准确匹配的资本要求.本文对违约概率、违约损失率、违约敞口、期限因素以及违约相关性等信贷组合信用风险的风险驱动因子的度量进行了综合研究.     

审视内部评级体系:风险权重、风险偏好与银行业务策略

内部评级法下,违约概率、违约损失率、违约暴露、期限是风险加权资产计算的重要参数,假设资本总量不变的前提下,4个重要参数的变化都会对资本充足率产生影响。本文按照内部评级法的资产分类方法,通过分别分析每个参数的变化对各类资产风险权重的不同影响,提出实施内部评级法以后银行业务策略应该关注的问题。     

我国银行内部评级的顺周期效应研究

本文在分析内部评级顺周期模式的基础上,探讨了我国银行内部评级顺周期效应的表现,指出:我国银行采用内部评级法存在着顺周期效应,有必要实施压力测试来削弱这一影响:监管当局应研究出台相关政策削弱内部评级的顺周期影响,以稳定金融体系;货币当局应注意观察实施内部评级法后银行行为的变化,监测信贷周期和经济周期的波动;要稳定金融体系,夯实资本基础是关键.     

中国银行新一代客户信用评级系统

一、评级系统建立的背景客户信用评级,也称内部评级,是银行准确评估借款人的资信水平,测算借款人的违约概率,把握授信风险,从源头上提高授信资产质量的一种有效途径。在巴塞尔新资本协议中,最引人注目的是对信用风险进行估值的内部评级法(IRB,InternalRating-BasedAp-proach)的推出。建立内部信用评级体系是适应新的监管要求的必然趋势。巴塞尔新协议代表了新的监管趋势和要求,只有适应了这一趋势和要求,银行才能在日趋国际化、多元化的市场中获得生存与发展。建立内部信用评级体系是提高银行核心竞争力的重要手段。新资本协议对于银行风…     

浅析违约概率的应用

新巴塞尔资本协议的出台鼓励银行采用内部评级法评估所面临的信用风险,采用内部评级法,可以使银行资本和所承担风险的联系更加紧密、更加直接,可以大幅度提高资本对风险的敏感性。内部评级法计算资本充足率需要四个变量,违约概率是其中之一,同时只要采用内部评级法,不管应用高级法还是初级法,违约概率都需要由银行自己估算,国内某些商业银行已开始着手违约概率的计量。本文主要对违约概率的定义、作用及在现实中的应用作一些简要的介绍。     

非线性多重约束的内部评级违约概率模型的设计研究

2014年4月,经银监会核准,国内6家银行实施资本计量高级方法,其显著特色是过渡期后利用内部评级初级法下违约概率结果计量风险加权资产和监管资本。目前关于违约概率估计的研究大都存在未能严格遵循监管要求建立识别违约样本的标准,未能建立包括校准环节等在内的完整内部评级模型开发框架,以及未能将专家的业务经验纳入模型设计等方面的不足。鉴此,本文建立了一个满足监管合规要求的模型开发框架,设计了一个非线性多重约束的内部评级违约概率模型,并引入分类器原理评估模型的可靠性。基于某银行业务数据的实证研究表明,该模型效果良好。     

我国商业银行信用风险亲周期性的实证分析与对策研究

我国商业银行信用风险是否存在亲周期性特征,银行内部评级模型如何反映经济周期对违约风险的影响,这些问题一直是我国商业银行风险管理中的难点问题。本文通过BP滤波法剥离出交通银行不良贷款率的周期性波动项与GDP产出缺口,研究表明二者之间存在同步的负相关性,即商业银行信用风险具备亲周期性。对此,本文结合业界经验与内部评级实践,提出了在内部评级模型中反映亲周期特征的操作方法,一是在主标度中引入调整因子,二是直接在内部评级模型中引入宏观经济指标,期望对国内商业银行内部评级体系建设和完善提供借鉴。     

对商业银行在新资本协议实施中有效落实违约定义的思考

违约定义是商业银行实施新资本协议信用风险内部评级法的关键基础定义之一,其是否得到有效落实直接关系到银行内部风险参数计量的准确性和监管资本计算的可靠性。本文对违约定义实施的相     

深入开展违约损失率研究 健全银行二维内部评级体系

在巴塞尔新资本协议中,违约损失率是信用风险内部评级法中的重要参数,一般通过二维评级中的债项评级进行量化。目前欧洲、澳洲、新加坡等主要银行系统已经基本完成新资本协议实施进程,在信用风险领域,主要的大型领先银行普遍采用高级内部评级法,即通过开发违约概率和违约损失率模型,建立二维内部评级体系,对银行提高风险管理水平、防范信用风险发挥了重要作用。     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...