我国上市公司控股股东利益侵占行为研究：一个委托代理模型

我国上市公司控股股东侵占上市公司以及中小股东利益的行为屡见不鲜。其主要途径包括：虚假招股说明书、关联交易、股利政策、定向增发以及利润操纵。上市公司中小股东与控股股东间存在着委托代理关系。控股股东的利益侵占行为不仅降低了上市公司的期望收益,还降低了控股股东自身的努力程度以及所享有的收益份额。通过推进上市公司股权分散化、完善上市公司信息披露制度、推进＂以股抵债＂等金融创新,可以纠正上市公司控股股东侵占中小股东利益行为。     

债务融资、控股股东“掏空”行为研究综述

在我国,控股股东对公司的"掏空"行为的案例屡见不鲜,控股股东的"掏空"行为已严重影响到了上市公司正常生产经营和财务活动并最终影响到公司业绩,这极大地挫伤了中小投资者的投资信心,不利于企业的快速发展。本文对国内外控股股东"掏空"行为与债务融资的文献进行综述,得到以下结论:即债务融资可以抑制控股股东的"掏空"行为,但这种抑制效果的有效性还有待研究,从债务融资方面对控股股东"掏空"行为影响的研究资料并不多,这就给我们留下了研究空间;可以对研究样本以规模大小进行分类研究。     

上市公司控股股东特征与盈余质量关系的实证研究

本文在阐述控股股东特征与盈余质量相关理论的基础上,以我国A股制造业上市公司2011年度数据为研究对象,运用多元回归分析法对我国上市公司控股股东特征与盈余质量的关系进行分析。实证结果显示:控股股东的身份构成、控股股东的持股比例、控股股东担任总经理或董事长与盈余质量呈负相关关系,其他股东的制衡能力、独立董事占董事会的比例与盈余质量呈正相关关系。     

对上市公司控股股东侵占中小股东利益的探讨

近年来，我国上市公司控股股东侵占中小股东利益的事件频频发生。控股股东作为上市公司的所有，是通过直接侵占上市公司利益进而间接侵占中小股东利益的。既然控股股东也是公司的所有，利益也与公司利益紧密相关，因而，这种侵占行为也必然会给自己造成损失。那么，控股股东侵占上市公司利益(进而侵占中小股东利益)的动机又是什么?本试图就控股股东的侵占动机、强烈程度进行量的度量、分析，提出保护中小股东利益的建议。     

市场环境与控股股东“掏空”行为研究——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

控股股东的“掏空”行为侵害了中小股东的利益,如何防范与治理控股股东的“掏空”行为已成为市场关注的重点。本文的研究表明,市场环境显著地影响了控股股东“掏空”的行为。换言之,地区间政府干预市场越少、金融市场越发达,该地区的上市公司越不会发生控股股东“掏空”行为,因而如何减少政府干预,促进金融市场的发展是政府在减少控股股东“掏空”行为应扮演的重要角色,同时,地方政府的财政赤字会直接或间接地驱动了控股股东“掏空”行为,制定监管政策在一定程度上能遏止“掏空”的行为。这说明,制度层面的约束和公共治理对公司层面的行为具有重要的影响。     

上市公司财务治理中的代理问题分析

本文认为上市公司财务活动围绕资金供求而建立的代理关系包括:债权人与公司股东之间,公司股东与管理当局之间,控股股东与中小股东之间以及国有股自身的代理问题。本文对以上四种代理关系的表现形式以及代理问题形成的原因作出了理论解释,对研究如何降低代理成本具有积极作用。     

金字塔股权结构与控股股东行为研究述评

近期世界范围内发生的几起会计丑闻,多与控股股东侵占小股东的利益有关.金字塔股权结构作为目前一种最为盛行的形式,造成控股股东的现金流权和控制权相分离.为控股股东从事机会主义交易谋取私人利益提供了机会.本文试图以金字塔结构为背景,对研究上市公司控股股东行为的文献进行回顾,以期为关注控股股东行为的人士提供一些理论基础和研究参考.     

控股股东股权质押对股价波动影响机理研究

作为新型融资方式,股权质押逐渐成为融资的重要途径。依靠便捷、高效和成本较低优势,质押融资的规模不断增加。但其引发的一系列风险也不容忽视。控股股东作为公司所有者其行为对公司影响很大,在一定程度上反应着公司股价。所以本文想通过对控股股东股权质押的研究,发现质押所带来的风险对股价影响情况。从影响机理分析发现,因为市场存在信息不对称情况,处于信息优势的控股股东会利用该优势,侵占中小股东利益或者损害公司利益。从而引发中小股东因为恐慌而出现集体“出逃”现象,造成股价剧烈波动。在此基础上,本文通过股权质押、投资者情绪与股价之间的关系,验证质押对股价影响,并且发现投资者情绪对股价影响具有中介效应。     

控制权私人收益及其与公司治理关系研究述评

一、引言 传统的学者通过建立一套经理人激励机制,使其与股东的利益趋于一致,促进公司的发展.随着公司规模的扩大,外部融资者的数量不断增加,监督公司治理行为的欲望更加强烈,然而控股股东为了获得更多的其他股东不能分享的私人收益,不惜以牺牲他们的利益为代价,解决两者之间的矛盾迫在眉睫. 目前,国内外学者广泛关注控股股东的私人收益问题,他们从不同的视角寻求控股股东获取私人收益的依据,研究的内容总体可以归纳为三点,即控股股东的持股比例与公司价值的关系、法律对中小股东的保护和私有收益的计量上.虽然出现了很多高质量的文献,但由于学者们研究结论各异,现今并未形成一套完整的理论体系.本文通过综述国内学者关于控股股东与私人收益的相关理论,提出相应的观点及未来展望.     

上市公司增发中控股股东行为分析

<正>以上市公司作为行为主体的股票增发过程中控股股东的掏空与支持行为之间是否存在相关关系,是一个值得关注的话题。本文对控股股东掏空与支持行为和上市公司增发之间的关系及其经济后果进行了分析。研究发现,为了促进上市公司     

控制股东的掏空行为与公司的股权结构及公司价值——基于双层委托代理模型的分析

本文构建了一个小股东、控制股东和经理人之间的双层委托代理理论分析框架来分析我国上市公司中同时存在的两类代理问题:股东与经理人的利益冲突以及控制股东与小股东的利益冲突。在此基础上着重研究了控制股东掏空行为与公司股权结构及公司价值之间的关系。通过分析指出:(1)均衡状态下,公司的所有权集中程度由公司股东所受投资者法律保护程度决定。随着投资者法律保护程度的增加,小股东最优的投资数量也会增加,公司的所有权结构趋于更加分散。(2)在公司的现金流所有权结构确定的情况下,由股东和经理人之间的信息非对称性引起的股东和经理人之间的利益冲突会减少公司价值,使得控制股东和小股东的利益均受到损害。控制股东掏空资产收益的比例随着其自身现金流所有权的增加而减少,随着其控制权和所有权之间的分离程度而增加,随着投资者法律保护的增加而减少。(3)相对于公司中仅仅存在股东和经理人之间的利益冲突的情形,控制股东的掏空行为会进一步降低公司的价值,而且降低的程度会随着控制股东的控制权和所有权的分离程度的增加而增加。(4)当控制股东完全不能进行掏空时,即使小股东仍然面临由于公司中的第Ⅰ类代理问题引起的利益损害,但均衡时,由于控制股东和小股东之间不存在利...     

Going Public without Governance: Managerial Reputation Effects

This paper addresses the agency problem between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders. This problem is common among public firms in many countries where the legal system does not effectively protect minority shareholders against oppression by controlling shareholders. We show that even without any explicit corporate governance mechanisms protecting minority shareholders, controlling shareholders can implicitly commit not to expropriate them. Stock prices of such companies are significantly higher and firms are more likely go public because of this reputation effect. Moreover, insiders divest shares gradually over time, at a rate that is negatively related to the degree of moral hazard.     

关系股东与融资约束——基于系族集团的经验证据

已有研究指出,控股股东的关系股东加剧了控股股东与中小股东间的利益冲突.关系股东是否具有积极的一面,研究中尚缺乏关注.本文以2003-2017年间附属于系族集团的A股上市公司作为研究样本,实证检验了系族成员关系股东是否以及如何影响融资约束.研究发现,相对于没有关系股东的系族成员,有关系股东的成员企业面临的融资约束更低,在考虑内生性问题后结论依然稳健.进一步研究表明,关系股东通过降低实际控制人与成员企业的信息不对称、促进内部资本市场资源优化配置,以及降低管理层代理成本从而缓解所在成员企业的融资约束.本文揭示了关系股东对融资约束的影响及作用机理,丰富了关系股东与内部资本市场经济后果方面的研究.     

现金流权比例对终级股东剥夺行为的约束程度分析

在投资者保护理论中,已有数位中外学者研究过现金流权比例对终极股东剥夺约束的问题,但由于他们建立的函数模型均以终极股东“不出售股票”的假设为前提,因而限定了模型的普遍适用性。本文将在修正和扩展现有学者的研究假设之下,建立关于终极股东“出售股票”前提下的收入函数,并进一步探寻在股票价格和控制权的作用下现金流权对于限制剥夺的临界比例数值,以更进一步清晰地度量终极股东持有的现金流权比例对于其剥夺的约束程度,为外部股东防范被剥夺提供预警信息。     

Dividend payouts and catering to demands: Evidence from a dividend tax reform

Utilizing the 2012 dividend tax reform in China, this paper examines how firms make dividend payout decisions that cater to the controlling shareholders' demand, especially when controlling shareholders and outside minority shareholders have different dividend preferences. We find that firms increase dividend payouts when controlling shareholders demand higher dividends after the dividend tax reform. In particular, firms pay higher dividends when facing increased demand from controlling shareholders than when the demand is from minority investors. In addition, we find that firms that increase dividend payments due to the controlling shareholders' demand subsequently have more debt financing and poorer firm performance, suggesting that catering to the demands from controlling shareholders is subject to the Type II agency problem.     

Controlling shareholders’ tunneling and executive compensation: Evidence from China

Conflict of interests between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders could affect executive compensation contracts. In this paper, we use data on Chinese listed companies and show that controlling shareholders’ tunneling reduces the pay-performance sensitivity of executive compensation. These results suggest that while incentive payment schemes are generally adopted in Chinese listed companies, controlling shareholders who obtain private benefits from listed companies have less incentive to strengthen the relationship between executive pay and firm performance.     

控制权收益与超控制权收益：一个文献综述

控股股东被认为能够监督公司的管理和运营从而降低代理成本,另一方面控股股东也能够利用控制权牟取控制权收益,侵占中小股东和其他利益相关者利益,后者日益成为研究的焦点。然而,近年来学者们开始关注到控制权收益也有合理性的一面,并在此基础上提出了超控制权收益的概念。本文通过对相关文献的回顾和评述,尝试指出进一步研究的方向。     

Does Board Independence Matter in Companies with a Controlling Shareholder?

A number of studies have reported value discounts for listed companies in countries that provide weak legal protection to minority shareholders. Such studies typically attribute these discounts to the ability, and the well‐documented tendency, of controlling shareholders to extract a disproportionate share of corporate resources for “private benefits.” This tendency and the resulting discounts create a dilemma for those controlling shareholders intent on maximizing value for not just themselves, but all shareholders: How can such controlling shareholders assure their minority shareholders that they will not exploit their power to expropriate resources and so eliminate the discount from their companies' shares? This article investigates the possibility that such discounts can be reduced by appointing boards of directors made up of individuals who are independent of the controlling shareholders. Based on the systematic analysis of some 800 companies representing 22 countries, the authors' recent study reports that corporate values are consistently higher when boards are more independent of controlling shareholders—and that this relationship is especially strong in those countries that afford fewer rights to minority shareholders. What is likely to cause controlling shareholders to appoint more independent directors—a change that, after all, effectively limits the controlling shareholders' power and “degrees of freedom”? The answer provided by the authors is that board independence is most likely to be pursued by companies with controlling shareholders that also have major growth opportunities that must be funded mainly with outside equity.     

Crossing the River by Touching Stones?: The Reform of Corporate Ownership in China

The privatization of Chinese enterprises in a low-legal-protection environment raises the question as to how minority shareholders are assured that their capital will not be expropriated. This paper sheds some light on this issue by examining the influence of controlling shareholders on the corporate performance of listed firms from 1997 to 2006. The first main finding is that firms controlled by local governments are more valuable to minority shareholders, whereas firms controlled by individuals are less valuable. The second main finding is that the post-WTO-accession relinquishment of control from local governments to private shareholders appears to have reduced corporate performance.     

Protecting the weak: Efficacy of mandated auctions in minority buyouts

There is considerable debate among economists and legal scholars about the need for regulatory protection for minority shareholders when controlling shareholders seek to buy them out. We examine the impact of regulatory changes in India which mandated a reverse book building (RBB) process, wherein the buyout price was determined by minority shareholders rather than by the controlling shareholders. Accounting for differences in firm and deal characteristics, we find that the RBB process increased the gains to minority shareholders. Stock price reactions at deal announcement reflect these gains after a learning period during which market participants adjusted to this new mechanism.