对优化我国纳税服务工作的探析

纳税服务是税法宣传、纳税咨询、办税服务、权益保护、信用管理和社会协作等税收工作总称。重视纳税人权利立法，维护纳税人的合法权益，为纳税人提供便捷、经济、高效的纳税服务，是世界各国普遍的做法，是提高我国纳税遵从度的客观要求。     

纳税人的权利宣传不容忽视

纳税人的合法权益是指纳税人由《税收征管法》所赋予并保障的权益。纳税人能不能享受权利,以及能享受多少权利,要由国家法律所决定,并受社会经济文化水平所制约。     

论预算听证制度

一、国外的预算听证制度 财政预算是管理国家和社会事务的重要经济手段，是调控社会经济资源分配的主要杠杆。在国外，纳税人特别关心各级政府的财政预算编制情况，因为那是政府在花“纳税人”自己的血汗钱，预算多少，如何使用，都关乎每个人的切身利益。     

浅谈政策性减免税的规范化管理

调节经济是税收的三大职能之一，减税、免税则是实现税收调节经济职能的重要手段，特别是政策性减免税，是党和国家对纳税人的一项特殊优惠，体现了党和国家的经济政策，事关纳税人的利益和社会的稳定。党的十六大提出了“共同富裕，全面建设小康社会”的     

论我国纳税人协会治理功能的完善——国外经验与中国对策

纳税人协会作为新兴的社会治理主体是我国经济、社会结构变革的产物,在税收征纳关系的调节中扮演着"沟通器"和"缓冲阀"的重要角色。近年来各地纳税人协会在当地税务机关的支持下得到了相当的发展,其规范行为、提供服务和反映诉求的功能日趋显现,但是纳税人协会在功能履行过程中仍然客观存在着诸多不足和缺陷,如何在分析原因和借鉴国外先进经验的基础上为纳税人协会营造良好的运行环境,完善其职能内容,则直接关系着纳税人协会的良性发展与和谐税收管理格局的构建。     

经济国家与纳税人权利研究的新思路

在公私融合的现代市场经济背景下,税收已从汲取工具转变成经济国家嵌入经济和社会发展的整合机制,国家亦采取各种激励手段将征税职责演化成公共事务。因此不能在国家和纳税人两极对立的思维下空谈纳税人权利保护,而应寻求两者在税收法律关系乃至更大的经济和社会改革背景中实现平衡的方案。应加强税制立法的民主性、科学性和法治性从而在根本上保障纳税人税权,鼓励税法执行的公私融合并在税收征管中强化激励措施,改革税收纠纷处理机制、推进纳税人公益诉讼建设以促进纳税人权利的自我适用。     

税收筹划浅探

以前,我国经济封闭,税种单一,纳税人的权利得不到重视,税收筹划空间狭小.随着社会进步,纳税人权利受到重视,尤其是随着经济全球化和税制改革的深入,企业的经营管理可以选择最有利的投资地点和经营方式,税收筹划的空间越来越广阔.     

纳税人的权利和义务要等同重视

随着经济发展加快和税制改革深入，我国的纳税人不断增加，一个人人都要纳税的社会局面已基本形成。但另一方面，纳税人用各种手段偷逃验抗税的现象不断发生，地方政府和中央争夺税收的现象也越来越普遍。这里有税制、税法不健全、公民和企业法人缺乏法制观念等方面的原因。但我们认为，纳税人在尽了义务后，却没有完全获得应有的权利，导致纳税人缺乏正确的纳税意识，却是问题的关键所在。更值得注意的是：国有资产的流失，权钱交易的盛行和分配的悬殊不公还在进一步剥夺纳税人的权利；住房、教育、医疗、养老等社会保障体系的改革往往也没有充分考虑保证纳税人的利益。因此探研纳税人的权利和义务这一社会经济公正的基石尤为重要。     

纳税人将成为现代经济社会的主流群体

纳税人是国家财政的社会基础 充分尊重纳税人，保护纳税人的合法权益，全心全意为纳税人服务，积极引导纳税人诚信纳税，不断提高纳税人的社会地位，树立纳税人的社会形象，使依法治税成为整个社会的价值取向，已经成为税务部门着手进行的一项具有很强社会性和群众性的工作。     

世界个人所得税的三大模式

个人所得税是当今世界大多数国家普遍采用的一种主体税种，它以纳税人的所得额为课征对象，根据纳税人的经济能力，实行多收入多征税，少收入少征税的量能负担原则，有利于缩小贫富差距、实现社会公平；其累进所得税率有利于调节纳税人的收入水平，发挥税收稳定经济波动、调节消费和投资的功能。……     

如何有效保护纳税评估中的纳税人权利

纳税评估对纳税人来说具有一定的强制性,我国相关法律规定了纳税人必须承担的单方面义务,却并未规定对纳税人权利的保护。本文介绍了国外纳税约谈制度中的纳税人权利,总结了我国在纳税评估中对纳税人权利保护的不足,并就如何对纳税评估中的纳税人权利进行有效保护提出了建议。     

影响纳税人税收遵从决策的因素

税收遵从决策是纳税人行为选择的一个复杂过程,其中起作用的因素很多,除了经济因素,还包括非经济因素。按照经典的逃税模型——A-S模型①所揭示的主要因素是稽查概率和罚款率,除此之外影响纳税人遵从决策的因素还包括:税收遵从成本、税制、纳税人个体特征、对政府的满意程度以及税收文化等。     

An expanded model of taxpayer compliance: empirical evidence from the United States and Hong Kong

There are a number of differences in the tax system structures of the U.S. and Hong Kong. In addition, the literature suggests there are significant differences between U.S. and Hong Kong (Chinese) cultures. This study explores whether taxpayer compliance is influenced by these differences.Fischer et al.’s (1992) expanded model of taxpayer compliance is used as the underlying theoretical framework. The model is empirically tested using a structural equations approach with a convenience sample of Hong Kong and U.S. taxpayers. Results indicate education has a direct, negative effect on compliance in both groups. This effect is moderated by an indirect, positive link between education, moral development, and compliance. The significant differences noted are that U.S. (Hong Kong) taxpayers used higher (lower) stages of moral reasoning, had more (less) favorable attitudes toward the tax system, and were more (less) compliant. These results suggest that efforts to increase taxpayer compliance need to be tailored to the structure of the tax system and the predominant culture of the taxpayers.     

新个人所得税法对扣纳双方的影响及应对——基于扣缴人义务及纳税人行为视角

新个人所得税法在实践中的运行效果取决于征纳双方在税收征管过程中的耦合作用。一方面,作为联系税务机关与纳税人的中介与桥梁,扣缴人在个税预扣预缴及汇算清缴方面发挥着重要作用;另一方面,税制结构变化与缴税申报模式转变对纳税人影响深远。在新个人所得税下,扣缴人的扣缴清缴合规、沟通保密及判定审查等义务均有不同程度的增加、拓展或提升。而纳税人的缴税申报、现金管理及税收规避等行为更易于引致税务管控及稽查。落实应对建议有助于促使扣纳双方在税务合规的框架内发挥正向合力作用,凭借税收法治助力个税财政收入的实现。     

Tax compliance in a social setting: The influence of social norms,trust in government,and perceived fairness on taxpayer compliance

Voluntary tax compliance is important for governments around the world as they try to manage budget deficits. Traditional methods to improve tax compliance, such as increased audits, can be costly to implement. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that social factors have on individuals' tax compliance intentions. Results of a survey of 217 U.S. taxpayers found support for the influence of social factors on tax compliance. This research concludes that social norms influence compliance intentions indirectly through internalization as personal norms. Specifically, as the strength of social norms in favor of tax compliance increases, personal norms of tax compliance also increase, and this leads to a subsequent increase in compliance intentions. We also conclude that trust in government has a significant influence on both perceived fairness of the tax system and compliance decisions. This study adds to current tax research in two important ways. First, the results suggest that the influence of social norms on tax compliance is largely through internalization as personal norms. Second, to the best of our knowledge this is also the first tax compliance study in which perception of fairness is modeled as a function of trust rather than vice-versa. This research may help taxing authorities develop less costly and more effective strategies for increasing taxpayer compliance.     

Book Reviews

References to ‘customers’ have become commonplace in the policy discourses within UK government and other public sector bodies. It is a working assumption of UK public sector management that the concept of the ‘customer’ can be applied to any public sector service agency or department; and this paper analyses how the UK government's revenue department, formerly titled the Inland Revenue (IR), re-characterised firstly taxpayers and latterly tax claimants as ‘customers’, rather than ‘users’, of IR services. This paper identifies some problems, dilemmas and ambiguities associated with this reconceptualisation in the context of an organisation that is predominantly a regulating department. Far from being merely a reclassification of the taxpayer as customer, the emerging discourse and associated practices of the IR were in part embedded in organisational change, including the merger with HM Customs and Excise to form the present-day HMRC. Thus this case analysis illustrates the limits of consumerism as a strategic tool of a government revenue department and raises wider questions for public management.     

An Investigation of Some Factors Affecting Taxpayer Non-compliance

A growing concern in almost every nation today is the amount of ‘tax gap’ (i.e. the difference between the taxes actually paid and what would be paid if all taxpayers filed complete and accurate returns and paid all the taxes they owe). Because the tax gap is often quite substantial, the problem of taxpayer non-compliance is one that requires careful scrutiny. This article addresses the problem of taxpayer non-compliance in an international context. The article briefly presents three of the main factors said to affect taxpayer non-compliance (rate structure, tax complexity, and control system). Next some estimates of the extent of non-compliance in seven countries (Sweden, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Italy and the United States) are reported and an examination made of the three factors in each country's tax system. It concludes with a discussion of how each factor analysed affects taxpayer compliance.     

提升政府信用的必要性及对策建议

市场经济是信用经济,然而信用体系建设的严重滞后已经成为制约我国经济发展的一个非常重要的因素。政府信用作为整个信用体系中最为核心和基础的部分,对我国信用体系的建设起到关键性的作用。本文从经济学的角度分析了我国政府信用缺失对经济、社会的影响,找出了其缺失的原因,并在此基础上提出了重塑我国政府信用的政策选择。     

纳税人税收遵从行为博弈分析

创建基于行为博弈的税收遵从均衡模型,将处于相同税收境况的纳税人视为一个群体,则个体纳税人选择税收遵从策略从纳税人群体角度来看就是以一定的概率选择该种策略。面对正常税务检查与严格税务检查并存的环境,纳税人税收遵从博弈稳定均衡策略形成不但取决于税制的特性,而且依赖于其他纳税人的税收遵从决策。依据税收遵从博弈均衡的形成机理,提出建立我国税收遵从激励监督机制的对策。     

税收信用体系建设与建立征信国家

市场经济的本质是信用经济，税收信用是信用体系的一部分。建立税收信用体系，一方面可以为建立征信国家提供纳税信用信息，完善信用数据库；另一方面，一个征信国家有完善的征信服务。信息资源共享，可以帮助税务部门更好地监控税源，激励纳税人提高纳税信用。所以，应尽快在我国建立起税收信用体系。