国外利用财税政策支持节能的措施及借鉴

美国、日本、澳大利亚等国出台了各种支持节能的财税政策措施,以提高能源利用效率,保障本国能源安全。它们的做法值得我国借鉴,在制定和完善我国支持节能的财税政策、建立起支持节能的长效机制时,应注意理顺与明确支持节能的财税政策目标,建立和完善与能源相关的税收体系、能效标准和认证体系,充分利用政府采购政策来支持节能工作的开展,建立相应的节能基金,完善相关配套政策措施与机构。     

“十二五”时期能源发展思路和战略重点（上）

＂十二五＂时期,我国的能源发展要统筹国内外两个大局,以保障能源供应和安全为基本出发点,加快发展非化石能源和清洁能源技术,大力调整和优化能源结构,进一步推进节能和提高能效,提升能源科技创新能力,进一步完善体制机制和可持续发展政策     

推进我国煤层气产业发展的财税政策建议

随着能源供应紧张以及环境问题日益突出,为保障经济可持续发展,我国亟需寻找一种可供广泛利用的清洁能源。煤层气作为一种符合条件的能源理应受到重视。本文分析了一些国家煤层气产业发展状况和开采利用过程中遇到的问题,并在对我国现有财税政策分析的基础上提出政策建议。     

能源财税政策成本效益绿色分析

能源财税政策成本效益绿色分析法在考虑时间变化因素后,用现价进行对比分析,通过对能源财税政策实施过程中包括经济、社会、环境成本在内的未来全部成本与效益的现价折算来分析。国家应采取具体财税政策的激励或限制措施保障各个方面的利益,具体包括补贴政策、低息(贴息)贷款政策及税收政策,其中税收政策包括对清洁能源与可再生能源实施税收优惠政策和对非清洁能源与非可再生能源实施强制性税收政策。     

“住有所居”的财税政策：国际经验与借鉴

住房保障是我国社会建设的重要方面,也是民生财政应有之义,我国住房保障改革的历程不长,财税政策运用方面还很不成熟,西方发达国家有很多经验值得我们学习,本文总结了日、英、美三国财税政策实践中的主要特点,在合理借鉴的基础上提出完善我国“住有所居”财税政策的若干建议。     

浅谈住房保障与财税政策

住房保障是国家社会政策的一项重要内容,是政府通过财政转移支付的形式,向中低收入者提供财政补贴或实物援助,以解决社会成员的基本居住问题、改善其居住质量的一种制度安排,是我国社会保障体系的重要组成部分。目前我国已经基本建立了以住房公积金、经济适用住房和廉租住房为主要内容的住房保障体系,解决了部分中低收入者的住房问题。但是由于我国的住房保障体系还在建设之中,因此对于中低收入者的住房保障问题还有很多值得我们思考的地方。本文主要从财税政策的角度出发,分析了当前我国住房保障财税政策存在的问题,并提出了完善房地产财税政策的建议,以进一步支持我国住房保障制度的发展完善,更好地解决城镇中低收入群体的住房问题,促进和谐社会的健康发展。     

发达国家住房保障体系中财税政策的国际经验及借鉴

目前,我国的住房保障体系与发达国家相比还存在较大差距,财政税收政策在住房保障上的运用也不成熟。本文通过介绍主要发达国家在住房保障方面的财税政策,总结出一些可供我国借鉴的经验,并以此基础提出完善有关财税政策的建议。     

十年成就 铸造辉煌

中标认证中心主任李铁男在发言中回顾了认证中心成立10年来的发展之路。李铁男认为,节能产品认证制度是提高能源利用效率、减少资源消耗、保护环境的最有效途径之一。现今这种认证有国家法律保障和政策的支持,有国家能效标准作技术依据,是以产品能效指标、效率为核心的特色认证,可以取得良好的经济、社会和环境效益,由此开展的节约型消费,将给全社会带来巨大效益。     

加快生物质能的开发利用

十届全国人大第四次会议通过了《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》,确定了可再生能源的发展目标,并提出要实行优惠的财税、投资政策和强制性市场份额政策,鼓励生产与消费可再生能源,提高可再生能源在一次能源消费中的比重。生物质能是重要的可再生能源,开发利用生物质能是增加能源供应、保护环境、实现可持续发展的重要措施。我国生物质能利用取得了很大的     

促进都市圈公共服务均等化的财税政策研究——基于美国的经验借鉴

财税制度是国家治理的基础和重要支柱，健全的都市圈公共服务均等化财税政策对于推动全国经济高质量发展、满足人民日益增长的公共服务需求至关重要。我国目前的都市圈公共服务均等化财税政策面临着地方财政政策保障不足、财政支出政策亟待优化、财税激励政策偏弱、财税共享政策不健全等困境。美国在促进都市圈公共服务均等化建设中已经形成相对成熟的财税政策。我国可借鉴美国的有益经验，构建多层级的地方财政保障体系，拓宽都市圈公共服务融资模式；完善都市圈公共服务的财政支出制度，加大政府购买服务的财政支持力度；强化公共服务均衡发展的财税激励，提升都市圈公共服务的总体质量；建立健全都市圈财税共享政策，畅通都市圈公共服务资源循环流转。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.