高管薪酬与公司业绩关系实证研究——基于我国中小企业板的实证研究

本文以583家中小企业板上市公司2007-2010年间的数据为样本,讨论并检验了高管薪酬与公司业绩之间的相关性。研究结果表明:无论最终控制人是国有法人还是非国有法人,中国中小企业上市公司的高管薪酬与公司业绩、公司规模之间都存在着显著的正相关关系;无论是国有控股还是非国有控股,高管持股比例均与高管薪酬显著正相关;在国有股控股的中小企业中,高管薪酬与股权集中度正相关,在非国有股控股的中小企业中,高管薪酬与股权集中度负相关;在国有控股的中小企业板上市公司中,公司的成长性与高管薪酬同步变化,而非国有控股的中小企业板上市公司的成长性与高管薪酬负相关。     

高管薪酬激励与公司绩效的实证研究——基于江苏省上市公司的分析

本文通过筛选以江苏省的83家上市公司为样本,研究其高管薪酬与公司绩效的关系,利用多元线性回归来检验公司绩效对高管薪酬的影响。同时,在基本模型的基础上加入公司规模和公司的资产负债率这两个控制变量再次进行检验。考虑到影响高管薪酬的其他因素因而再加入三个解释变量——股权性质、地域差异和行业因素,来检验这些因素对高管薪酬的影响。结果表明,公司绩效、公司规模与高管薪酬呈显著的正相关关系,公司资产负债率与高管薪酬呈显著的负相关关系;而地区的差异对高管薪酬有积极影响,股权性质、行业因素对高管薪酬有消极影响,但这三者的影响都不显著。     

国企高管薪酬影响企业社会绩效的实证研究

基于利益相关者理论,将社会绩效引入高管薪酬显性契约缔约过程,构建了高管薪酬与企业社会绩效关系模型,并以137家国有上市公司为实证样本,采用因子分析、回归分析方法检验了模型的假设关系。研究发现:年薪与企业强社会绩效和企业总体社会绩效显著正相关,与企业弱社会绩效负相关;高管持股与企业社会绩效没有显著相关性。     

影响高管薪酬的因素探究——基于河北省上市公司数据的分析

近年来,关于高管薪酬的研究得到众多学者的重视,研究者从不同视角、以不同的方式对高管薪酬的合理区间进行了探究.本文在以往研究的基础上,通过建立回归模型,从高管持股比例、公司规模、公司业绩、国有持股比例四个方面分析了影响河北省上市公司高管薪酬的因素.研究发现,高管总薪酬水平只与企业规模存在显著的正相关关系,而与高管持股比例、公司业绩和国有持股比例存在显著的负相关关系.这说明河北省上市公司的薪酬激励制度的设计存在缺陷,应尽快设计更加完善的高管薪酬激励制度.     

企业并购影响高管薪酬业绩敏感性吗?——基于中国国有上市公司的实证分析

本文以中国沪深股市2006-2010年间作为买方发生并购行为的362个国有上市公司为研究对象,分析了公司并购行为对高管薪酬与公司业绩的敏感度的影响。研究发现,公司资产回报率、市场回报率与公司高管薪酬显著正相关。说明并购前,高管薪酬与资产回报率以及市场回报率显著正相关,即高管薪酬与公司业绩敏感度较高。并购所增加的会计业绩和市场业绩与高管薪酬在10%的水平下显著负相关。可见,企业并购显著降低了高管薪酬与公司资产回报率以及市场回报率的业绩敏感度。并购规模无论是通过会计绩效还是市场绩效检验分析,都显著与高管薪酬正相关,说明高管薪酬与并购规模的扩大显著正相关。为进一步分析并购绩效是否会影响高管薪酬变动,本文采用差分模型分析了高管薪酬变化值与并购业绩变化值和并购规模变化的关系,研究发现,高管薪酬的变化与并购绩效无显著的相关关系,而与并购增加的公司规模显著正相关。     

上市公司高管薪酬水平影响因素实证研究

一般认为,上市公司高管薪酬水平会受到公司规模、公司业绩、治理结构、股权结构、行业、地区等因素的影响。本文以2001—2006年广西上市公司为研究样本,先采用因子分析法提取主因子,再通过多元回归模型检验主因子与高管薪酬水平的相关关系,通过广西上市公司6年数据的检验,结果发现:广西上市公司高管薪酬水平与公司规模、公司业绩、高管对公司的关注度成正相关关系,与高管规模、公司风险和两职合一无显著相关关系。     

上市公司高管变更与公司违约风险关系研究:来自房地产上市公司的证据

以2006～2010年沪深两市A股房地产上市公司的年度数据和公司治理数据为样本,采用KMV模型,运用多元随机平衡面板回归分析方法对中国上市公司高管变更与公司违约风险的关系进行实证研究。实证研究结果表明,高管变更与公司违约风险显著正相关,公司高管变更后能够显著降低公司的违约风险。这为高管变更与公司违约风险、高管变更与经营业绩之间的关系提供了新的证据,丰富了高管变更研究的新领域,即高管变更与公司违约风险之间的关系研究。     

我国高科技企业的股权激励与研发支出分析

本文以2005～2006年披露了研发支出的高科技上市公司为样本,构建了多元线性回归模型,研究了上市公司的高管股权激励与研发支出的关系。研究结果表明：高管股权激励与研发支出显著正相关,高管股权激励越大,研发支出越多;公司资源的富余水平越高,高管股权激励对于研发支出的影响越显著;公司的业绩较好,高管股权激励对于研发支出影响越显著。此外,高成长性的公司有更强的动机投入更多的研发费用来创造成长机会;公司的负债水平越高,研发支出越少。     

中国上市公司高管薪酬与公司业绩相关性实证研究

本文利用Eviews统计软件对上市公司数据进行分析。通过对高管薪酬与其他数据的相关性分析,得出高管薪酬与公司业绩,公司规模正相关,与高管持股比例负相关的结论。通过分析,我们发现高管薪酬对公司业绩有显著的影响。     

中小板上市公司股权结构对融资偏好的影响研究

本文从代理成本和控制权收益角度分析了股权结构对融资偏好的影响,以2006年年底之前在中小企业板上市的102家公司2007至2009年的数据为样本进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,不同类型的股权结构对公司融资偏好的影响有着很大差异。法人股比例与股权融资率显著正相关,限售自然人持股比例和股权融资率呈负相关关系,国有股、高管持股比例、股权集中度、股权制衡度则对股权融资率影响不显著。中小板上市公司并未表现出主板上市公司＂偏好股权融资＂的特征,但高管持股比例过低、一股独大是中小板与主板上市公司的共性。我国中小板上市公司的高管持股比例需要提高,股权激励制度仍需进一步完善,股权集中度和股权制衡度应适度提高。     

民营企业股权激励计划与研发投入关系分析

以2008~2011年民营上市公司为样本,使用3SLS回归分析以及DID模型,从外部环境以及内部环境两个方面分析了我国民营企业股权激励计划对于企业研发投入的影响。实证研究发现,民营企业实施股权激励能够促进企业的研发投入,而高科技行业的民营企业实施股权激励能够加强这种正向影响;对于股权激励具体方案的分析表明,激励计划的有效期与研发投入有弱相关关系,行权条件当中非财务指标的使用对于企业研发投入有正向影响,但是相对绩效指标的使用则对于研发投入有抑制作用。     

Real (adaptation) options and the valuation of equity: some empirical evidence

Data from 1,374 firms across four broad industrial groupings are used to assess the contribution that real (adaptation) options make to overall equity values. The analysis indicates that real (adaptation) options make a significant contribution to the equity value of firms with a market to book ratio (of equity) of around unity or less. As the market to book ratio grows beyond this level, however, the contribution made by real (adaptation) options decays quickly away and equity values are mainly comprised of the present value of the dividends that firms are expected to pay. This means that for around one in every five of the firms in our sample real (adaptation) options make a significant contribution to overall equity value. Thus, while linear equity valuation models would seem to be appropriate for the substantial majority of firms on which our sample is based, there is a sizeable minority of firms where real (adaptation) options have a significant impact on equity values. For this latter group of firms there will be a non-linear relationship between equity value and its determining variables. This has important implications for the regression procedures that are applied in this area of accounting research.     

Growth through rigidity: An explanation for the rise in CEO pay

The dramatic rise in CEO compensation during the 1990s and early 2000s is a longstanding puzzle. In this paper, we show that much of the rise can be explained by a tendency of firms to grant the same number of options each year. Number-rigidity implies that the grant-date value of option awards will grow with firm equity returns, which were very high on average during the tech boom. Further, other forms of CEO compensation did not adjust to offset the dramatic growth in the value of option pay. Number-rigidity in options can also explain the increased dispersion in pay, the difference in growth between the US and other countries, and the increased correlation between pay and firm-specific equity returns. We present evidence that number-rigidity arose from a lack of sophistication about option valuation that is akin to money illusion. We show that regulatory changes requiring transparent expensing of the grant-date value of options led to a decline in number-rigidity and helps explain why executive pay increased less with equity returns during the housing boom in the mid-2000s.     

Time varying consumption covariance and dynamics of the equity premium: Evidence from the G7 countries

We examine implications of time-varying correlation and covariance between excess equity returns and consumption growth for the equity premium of the G7 countries. We find that the correlation and covariance are higher when there is a negative shock to labor income and a positive shock to returns. The combined effect is that the correlation and covariance are countercyclical and so is the equity premium. We test asset pricing models with time-varying consumption risk and find that the conditional price of risk is generally positive. These results survive several robustness checks. Our results highlight the importance of labor income for understanding dynamics of the equity premium.     

An empirical analysis of the day-of-the-week effect in stock returns: The case of U.S. and Japan

This article employs daily closing index data to investigate the relationship between the U.S. and Japanese equity markets. It reassesses and extends the Becker et al. (1990) methodology over a longer sample space. The article then advances the analysis further by estimating structural equation models and by including the exchange rate as an additional explanatory variable. The resulting multivariate econometric design shows that the U.S. equity market strongly affects the Japanese equity market Monday through Friday while the Japanese market exerts a weaker influence on the U.S. market with the influence observed only on Mondays and Wednesdays.     

Speculators,commodities and cross-market linkages

We use a unique, non-public dataset of trader positions in 17 U.S. commodity futures markets to provide novel evidence on those markets' financialization in the past decade. We then show that the correlation between the rates of return on investible commodity and equity indices rises amid greater participation by speculators generally, hedge funds especially, and hedge funds that hold positions in both equity and commodity futures markets in particular. We find no such relationship for commodity swap dealers, including index traders (CITs). The predictive power of hedge fund positions is weaker in periods of generalized financial market stress. Our results support the notion that who trades helps predict the joint distribution of commodity and equity returns. We find qualitatively similar but statistically weaker results using a proxy for hedge fund activity based on publicly available data.     

Dependence structure and extreme comovements in international equity and bond markets

Common negative extreme variations in returns are prevalent in international equity markets. This has been widely documented with statistical tools such as exceedance correlation, extreme value theory, and Gaussian bivariate GARCH or regime-switching models. We point to limits of these tools to characterize extreme dependence and propose an alternative regime-switching copula model that includes one normal regime in which dependence is symmetric and a second regime characterized by asymmetric dependence. We apply this model to international equity and bond markets, to allow for inter-market movements. Empirically, we find that dependence between international assets of the same type is strong in both regimes, especially in the asymmetric one, but weak between equities and bonds, even in the same country.     

Is equity crowdfunding always good? Deal structure and the attraction of venture capital investors

This paper provides evidence that equity crowdfunding has implications for firms long after the capital raised through the campaign is injected. Using a unique dataset of 290 firms that successfully fundraised via the two most prominent UK equity crowdfunding portals, we examine how different shareholder structures, namely the nominee vs. the direct shareholder structure, affect the attraction of venture capital financing. From the comparison with a control group of twin firms that did not receive any external seed financing, we find that a successful equity crowdfunding campaign facilitates the attraction of VC financing. This association is stronger for equity crowdfunding campaigns with a nominee shareholder structure, while it results weaker when the direct shareholder structure is chosen. Compared to a different control sample of angel-backed firms, receiving equity crowdfunding through a nominee structure facilitates the attraction of VC financing.     

Investment-based financing constraints and debt renegotiation

We consider how equity holders’ bargaining power during financial distress influences the interactions between financing and investment decisions when the firm faces the upper limit of debt issuance. We obtain four results. First, weaker equity holders’ bargaining power is more likely that the firm is financially constrained. Second, the investment quantity is independent of equity holders’ bargaining power. Third, the constrained credit spreads are increasing with equity holders’ bargaining power, contrary to the unconstrained ones. Fourth, higher volatility and weaker equity holders’ bargaining power are likely that the firm prefers to issue debt with renegotiation, compared with debt without renegotiation.     

Can ambiguity aversion solve the equity premium puzzle? Survey evidence from international data

Ambiguity aversion has been suggested as a potential explanation for the equity premium puzzle in recent theoretical models. To test this hypothesis, we measure the amount of ambiguity aversion in a large-scale international survey. A comparison to the average equity premia in these countries demonstrates that ambiguity aversion does, indeed, have a significant influence on the amount of equity risk premium, even when controlling for macroeconomic parameters. Finally, we connect differences in ambiguity aversion to differences in uncertainty avoidance, one of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.