订单型操纵的新发展及监管

本文考察了一类新的操纵类型——订单型操纵及其监管。研究发现,对于订单型操纵而言,订单提交频率较高且撤单速度非常快,以避免成交风险;申报买入笔数很多且提交订单额度巨大,但成交笔数极少;买入申报撤单量占该股票当日市场买入总申报比例极高。进一步,操纵者选择的股票往往具有低股价和小市值的特征;操纵行为对价格和流动性仅有短暂的影响。比较发现,中国和美国订单型操纵在制度上存在差异。本文研究对于如何在中国更好地加强这一类新型操纵的监管有着借鉴意义。     

中国股票市场限价指令簿的信息含量研究

金融市场微观结构是当前金融研究中发展迅速的研究领域。随着电子撮合交易制度的发展,从限价指令簿的角度揭示金融资产的价格行为,对市场规则和交易机制的完善有重要的意义。本文选取2009年9月上证180指数所包含的180只个股的高频交易数据为研究对象,实证检验了限价指令簿的信息含量。研究发现限价指令簿是富含信息的,即使是最优买卖报价外的指令信息对于价格发现的贡献也高达53%。我们还实证研究了限价指令簿与股票未来短期回报之间的关系,得到限价指令簿信息能够帮助投资者预测股票未来短期回报和有助于提高投资者福利的结论。     

中国股票市场操纵对市场流动性的影响研究——基于收盘价操纵行为的识别与监测

基于收盘价操纵后股票价格的变动特征,本文构建了收盘价操纵行为的识别方法——尾市价格偏离模型,并利用中国股票市场的分时高频交易数据实现了可疑收盘价操纵行为的监测。进一步,本文采用面板数据回归实证分析了收盘价操纵影响市场流动性的方向、程度和机制。研究结果表明,收盘价操纵会导致股票交易成本上升和流动性下降,这种影响往往在股票市场处于震荡和下跌阶段时更为显著;同时,投资者报价策略趋于保守化是收盘价操纵对市场流动性产生影响的关键因素,而引发投资者调整报价策略的原因可能是股价波动加剧后订单非执行风险的降低。     

限价指令簿信息对价格动态的非对称效应--来自我国A股市场的经验研究

基于上证50指数成分股Level-2超高频数据,本文考察了限价指令簿不同部分信息对价格变化的影响。为此,本文建立包含了中间报价收益、交易方向以及买卖双方不同档位深度、坡度等刻画限价指令簿信息变量的向量自回归(VAR)模型。研究表明限价指令簿买卖双方以及不同档位的深度与坡度等信息变量对收益的影响存在非对称性。首先,限价指令簿买卖双方低档位与高档位的深度均包含关于未来价格变化的信息内涵,但反映的未来价格变动方向相反:卖方低(高)档位深度增加,未来价格有下跌(上涨)趋势;买方低(高)档位深度增加,未来价格有上涨(下跌)趋势。其次,限价指令簿买卖双方的坡度也包含关于未来价格变化的信息内涵:卖方坡度增加,未来价格有上涨趋势;买方坡度增加,未来价格有下跌趋势。最后,限价指令簿信息对中间报价收益具有长期累积效应,限价指令簿信息是导致价格变动的Granger原因。     

订单拆分、知情交易概率与风险定价

基于2018-2020年沪深300指数成分股的高频数据,构建累计拆分订单比变量度量市场订单拆分行为,考虑订单拆分行为对知情交易概率及其风险定价能力的影响.实证发现:订单拆分行为增加了不同算法下知情交易概率的差异,这一差异对流动性和订单规模因素具有稳健性.进一步研究发现:不同的订单拆分水平下,知情交易概率与风险定价之间呈现非线性关系,高订单拆分水平降低了知情交易概率的风险定价能力.     

市场操纵的含义、认定及度量述评

市场操纵严重影响市场功能的发挥。认识操纵、监督操纵、处罚操纵并最终达到根治操纵,维护市场自由、有序与有效的目的是学界和监管层共同面临的一个十分紧迫而艰巨的任务。现有文献对市场操纵的含义、认定及度量做了大量研究,然而取得共识之处很少。通过述评并兼顾各家之长形成如下观点:市场操纵是指凡是为了私利而故意扭曲市场价格的行为。对操纵的认定应包含三个要件,即人为价格、疑似操纵行为与人为价格的因果关系以及操纵意图。对操纵的度量除了要考虑操纵行为对价格的直接与间接影响外,更重要的是考虑该行为对市场的危害大小。     

市场操纵的含义、认定及度量述评

市场操纵严重影响市场功能的发挥。认识操纵、监督操纵、处罚操纵并最终达到根治操纵,维护市场自由、有序与有效的目的是学界和监管层共同面临的一个十分紧迫而艰巨的任务。现有文献对市场操纵的含义、认定及度量做了大量研究,然而取得一致的共识很少。本文通过述评并兼顾各家之长形成如下观点:市场操纵是指凡是为了私利而故意扭曲市场价格的行为。对操纵的认定应包含三个要件,即人为价格、疑似操纵行为与人为价格的因果关系以及操纵意图。对操纵的度量除了要考虑操纵行为对价格的直接与间接影响外,更重要的是考虑该行为对市场的危害大小。     

股指期货市场操纵与价格发现功能的关系研究

股指期货市场操纵会影响股指期货市场的价格发现功能,同样地,股指期货市场的价格发现功能也会影响股指期货市场的操纵行为。本文在理论探讨的基础上,利用股指期货主力合约及对应的沪深300指数高频数据对市场操纵行为进行实证分析。研究结果表明,当操纵嫌疑只存在于期货市场时,股指期货市场的价格发现功能将会减弱;当操纵嫌疑存在于期货、现货两个市场时,股指期货市场的价格发现功能相对会增强。而且,当股指期货市场价格发现功能较强时,市场操纵的难度和成本都将下降。当前中国股指期货市场的操纵行为可能主要局限于某些个别的、离散的交易日内,系统地通过操纵现货指数来操纵期货市场的可能性较低。     

订单簿透明度对市场质量影响的实证研究

本文主要以行情揭示三档变五档的透明度变化事件来实证订单簿信息透明度对市场质量和订单行为的影响。结果发现,信息透明度提高之后,市场质量得到改善:一是市场流动性显著提高,二是市场波动性显著降低。其机理是透明度提高吸引了投机性投资者及流动性需求者提交订单,市场流动性得以提高,并降低了市场波动性,但是价格发现效率受到轻微影响。此外,研究还发现:(1)机构投资者下单数量和撤单数量减少,但是订单规模变大,表明其合并了小订单代之以大订单。(2)买单和卖单占比、订单久期、订单不平衡程度没有显著变化,但机构投资者撤单比例降低。     

高频交易与操纵市场

高频交易是资本市场上金融科技迅速发展的产物,是一种采用托管等低延时通信技术,通过高速信息处理,运用多个算法程序实施日内频繁交易的自动交易系统。尽管高频交易具有提供市场流动性、加深市场深度的积极意义,但也存在放大市场波动、为交易而交易且容易导致滥用市场交易优势的操纵行为。比较目前欧美对高频交易的监管实践,幌骗、试单、扰乱交易行为以及滥用市场成为高频交易操纵市场的主要手段。立足于我国现实,对集中于期货市场的高频交易应加强监管,完善透明、及时、公开的市场报价机制,明确涉及高频交易操纵行为的判断指标体系。     

原油价格与经济政策不确定性对大宗商品市场非对称冲击效应研究

利用面板分位回归模型,考量不同市场环境下原油价格与经济政策不确定性对大宗商品市场非对称性冲击效应。结果表明：油价冲击对中国大宗商品收益的影响具有非对称性,正负油价冲击对其均有促进作用,但随着市场环境好转,正油价冲击的作用逐渐增强,负油价冲击则逐渐减弱;政策不确定性对大宗商品收益有促进作用,但在牛市环境下有抑制作用;且危机前后,油价冲击对大宗商品收益的影响存在非对称性效应。     

Microstructure-based manipulation: Strategic behavior and performance of spoofing traders

We examine how investors strategically spoof the stock market by placing orders with little chance of being executed, but which mislead other traders into thinking there is an imbalance in the order book. Using the complete intraday order and trade data of the Korea Exchange (KRX) in a custom data set identifying individual accounts, we find that investors strategically placed spoofing orders which, given the KRX's order-disclosure rule at the time, created the impression of a substantial order book imbalance, with the intent to manipulate subsequent prices. This manipulation, which made use of specific features of the market microstructure, differs from previously studied forms of manipulation based on information or transactions. Roughly half of the spoofing orders were placed in conjunction with day trading. Stocks targeted for manipulation had higher return volatility, lower market capitalization, lower price level, and lower managerial transparency. We also find that spoofing traders achieved substantial extra profits. The frequency of spoofing orders decreased drastically after the KRX altered its order-disclosure rule.     

网络关注度对我国股票市场信息不对称程度的影响

以2013-2016年391支股票的360搜索指数中的投资者关注度和媒体关注度的指数作为网络关注度度量指标,同时基于股票市场交易数据采用多种信息不对称计算方法构建了信息不对称性度量指标,并进一步构造了信息不对称主成分综合指标。通过建立横截面回归模型,探究投资者和媒体关注度对我国股票市场的信息不对称程度的影响作用。实证分析及稳健性检验结果表明：投资者关注度的增加会减少知情交易及信息不透明程度,从而减少了股票市场的信息不对称程度,提高了股票市场的流动性;媒体关注度对不同的信息不对称性度量指标的影响存在着不一致性。本研究通过探索投资者关注度及媒体关注度在新兴市场中的应用,对于我国证券市场监管层制定政策以及对于普通投资者优化投资策略都具有重要的参考意义。     

Price Discovery in Chinese Stock Index Futures Market: New Evidence Based on Intraday Data

Using high-frequency data, this study investigates price discovery in the newly established stock index (CSI300) futures market in China. Our empirical results reveal new evidence that the CSI300 index futures market play a dominant role in the price discovery process about one year after its inception and new information is disseminated more rapidly in the stock index futures market than the stock market. This is different from findings in the previous literature. Our results also imply that the index futures market has evolved and can be used as a price discovery vehicle. Thus the CSI300 stock index futures market plays an important role in the capital markets in China.     

Adverse Selection and Competitive Market Making: Empirical Evidence from a Limit Order Market

This article presents a new methodology for testing economicrestrictions on the price schedules offered in a limit orderbook that are based on (i) break-even conditions for marginallimit orders and (ii) rational updating conditions for orderbook revisions over time. Using order flow data from the StockholmStock Exchange, I find strong evidence of insufficient depthin the limit order books relative to the theoretical predictions.An extended model, which allows the model parameters to dependon market conditions, captures some of the systematic variationin the observed order book depth.     

The submission of limit orders or market orders: The role of timing and information in the Reuters D2000-2 system

Recent work in the market microstructure literature suggests that the speed with which orders arrive in the market impacts traders' order submission decisions. In this study we use an asymmetric autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model to empirically investigate the influence on the submission of limit and market orders of changes in the time between the past submissions of different types of orders, changes in the slope of the limit order book, and changes in price uncertainty. We find that the expected time between the arrivals of successive orders in the foreign exchange market depends on the previous type of order submitted and the slope on both sides of the order book. Price uncertainty (volatility) plays a secondary role after accounting for the impact of changes in the slope of the order book. Lastly, we find that there are fundamental changes in the level of information contained in the submission of orders at the opening and closing of markets.     

The impact of trading halts on liquidity and price volatility: Evidence from the Australian Stock Exchange

This study examines market behaviour around trading halts associated with information releases on the Australian Stock Exchange, which operates an open electronic limit order book. Using the Lee, Ready and Seguin (1994) pseudo-halt methodology, we find trading halts increase both volume and price volatility. Trading halts also increase bid-ask spreads and reduce market depth at the best-quotes in the immediate post-halt period. The results of this study imply that trading halts impair rather than improve market quality in markets that operate open electronic limit order books.     

股指期货是股灾的“幕后推手”吗——基于2015年股灾期间沪深300股指期货高频数据实证分析

选取2015年6月15日至8月26日股灾期间沪深300股指期货与沪深300指数5分钟高频数据,通过E-G两步协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应模型等,对股灾期间股指期货市场价格发现功能及波动溢出效应进行实证研究.结果表明:股灾期间沪深300股指期货仍具备价格发现功能,但存在对现货市场的单向波动溢出,具有一定的"助跌"效应.     

Price impact and bursts in liquidity provision

This paper analyses brief episodes of high-intensity quote turnover and revision—‘bursts’ in quotes—in the US equity market. Such events occur very frequently, several hundred times a day for actively traded stocks. We find significant price impact associated with these market maker initiated events, about five times higher than during non-burst periods. Bursts in quotes are concurrent with short-lived structural breaks in the informational relationship between market makers and market takers. During bursts, market makers no longer passively impound information from order flow into quotes—a departure from the traditional market microstructure paradigm. Rather, market makers significantly impact prices during bursts in quotes. Further analysis shows that there is asymmetry in adverse selection between the bid and ask sides of the limit order book and only a sub-population of market makers enjoys an informational advantage during bursts. Market makers on the side opposite the burst suffer elevated adverse selection costs, while market makers on the side of the burst realize positive spread, irrespective of the order flow direction. Our results call attention to the need for a new microstructure perspective in understanding modern high-frequency limit order book markets and the quote manipulation strategies at the disposal of the fast market makers.