安全会计信息披露水平与权益资本成本

整理沪深两市高危行业2012-2014年上市公司数据,实证分析了安全会计信息披露水平对权益资本成本的影响。结果表明：加强安全会计信息披露能够显著降低权益资本成本;不同产权性质上市公司中安全会计信息披露水平与权益资本成本的负相关性存在差异,在非国有公司中二者负相关性更显著。     

企业核心竞争力能够降低权益资本成本吗——基于文本分析的经验证据

本文通过文本分析法构建企业核心竞争力的度量指标,实证检验了核心竞争力对企业权益资本成本的影响.研究发现:核心竞争力越强,企业的权益资本成本越低,该结论在一系列稳健性检验下仍然成立.机制检验表明,核心竞争力对企业权益资本成本的影响主要通过降低经营风险、降低信息不对称程度以及缓解代理问题三条路径实现的.进一步研究发现:(1)资源类和能力类核心竞争力均是影响企业权益资本成本的重要因素;(2)机构投资者持股可以强化核心竞争力对权益资本成本的降低作用.本文的研究揭示了核心竞争力在企业融资中的重要作用,不仅丰富了核心竞争力和权益资本成本的相关文献,同时对如何降低企业融资成本具有重要的现实意义.     

媒体曝光度、信息披露环境与权益资本成本

媒体发挥着公司治理和信息传播的双重作用,这有助于减少投资者与公司间的信息不对称,而信息不对称程度的降低会减少公司的融资成本。本文选取2007年之前上市A股公司为样本,实证检验了媒体曝光度对权益资本成本的影响。研究发现媒体报道有助于降低公司权益资本成本。研究还进一步发现在市场化程度越低的地区,媒体报道对权益资本成本的影响力越强;在非国有企业中,机构投资者持股比例越高,媒体报道对权益资本成本的影响力越强。     

高铁时空压缩效应与公司权益资本成本——来自A股上市公司的经验证据

以往文献大多集中于交通基础设施对一国或地区宏观经济的影响,而较少关注其对资本市场的作用。本文基于信息不对称视角,考察了高铁开通改变地理距离的时空约束后如何影响公司权益资本成本。以2007—2018年A股上市公司为样本,本文研究发现,上市公司所在地开通高铁后,由于内外信息不对称程度的降低,公司权益资本成本显著下降。该现象受到一系列公司特征的影响,与多数投资者聚集地距离越远、业务复杂度越高的公司,权益资本成本受高铁开通影响而下降得更明显。进一步的研究表明,高铁开通后公司股票流动性的提升及信息披露质量的提高是影响权益资本成本的重要路径。     

贸易摩擦与权益资本成本

贸易摩擦为中国出口企业带来了极大的挑战,特别是美国对华"301调查"以来,中国企业所处的国际贸易环境愈加严峻复杂.在此背景下,考察贸易摩擦对企业的影响,以及企业如何采取防范措施具有重要的战略意义.本文以2008-2017年A股制造业上市公司为样本,探讨贸易摩擦对企业权益资本成本的影响.研究发现,贸易摩擦显著提高了权益资本成本,而降低企业经营风险和提高会计信息质量均能有效抑制贸易摩擦所带来的不利影响.进一步地,本文从业务层面和公司治理层面探究了企业防范、缓解贸易摩擦的有效措施.本文从微观视角提供了贸易摩擦经济后果的证据,厘清了宏观环境变化对权益资本成本的作用机理,为贸易摩擦背景下企业如何降低融资成本提供了经验证据.     

上市公司权益资本成本的测度与评价——基于我国证券市场的经验检验

权益资本成本(CofEC)是公司筹资和投资决策时需要考虑的重要问题。然而,如何测定公司的权益资本成本,目前尚未得出统一的结论。本文在现有研究的基础上,从事后和事前两个角度测度了我国上市公司的权益资本成本,并从经济和统计两个角度对不同的测度进行了评价。研究得出,不同方法得出的权益资本成本测度差异明显,最大差异达到了12.13%,这些差异对我国公司融资顺序(偏好)是否主要基于资本成本考虑的判断会造成重大影响。从经济角度看,事前权益资本成本测度要优于CAPM和Fama-French三因子模型下事后权益资本成本,在事前权益资本成本测度中,国内外文献中普遍运用的GLS模型下的CofEC表现不够理想,而PEG和MPEG模型下的CofEC能更好地捕捉各风险因素的影响,尽管其时间序列计量误差方差相对较大。     

年报风险披露与权益资本成本

本文从权益资本成本视角探究了中国上市公司年报风险披露的价值相关性及信息性质。基于2007-2014年A股上市公司的研究发现:(1)年报风险披露长度及其变化值越大,公司权益资本成本及其变化值越小,说明披露的风险越多,市场给予的信任越多,因而要求的风险溢价越小,从而支持了风险披露的同质观;(2)风险披露与权益资本成本的负相关关系主要体现在信息环境差、显性风险较小的公司;(3)投资者对增加披露风险信息具有正向市场反应,且投资者异质信念降低,表明风险信息异质性较弱,而信息不对称是风险披露影响权益资本成本的不完全中介;(4)风险披露变化值越大,公司股权再融资的可能性越大、折价率越低,债券利差越小。本文首次检验了我国年报风险披露对权益资本成本的影响,得到与国外文献不一致的结论,丰富了信息披露与资本成本关系相关的文献。     

制度环境和权益资本成本——来自中国省际数据的比较研究

本文以中国237家非金融上市公司2004~2007年组成的平衡面板数据(共948个观察值)为研究样本,在控制相关变量的基础上,应用一系列GLS从政府关系、法律制度环境、金融市场发育程度和产品市场发育程度四个维度实证检验制度环境如何影响公司权益资本成本。实证结果表明,制度环境是影响权益资本成本的重要因素。具体而言:(1)政府关系与权益资本成本显著负相关;(2)法律制度环境与权益资本成本显著负相关;(3)金融市场发育程度与权益资本成本显著负相关;(4)产品市场发育程度与权益资本成本显著负相关。     

政府角色、所有权性质与权益资本成本

基于我国各地市场化进程中政府对企业干预程度的差异,本文研究政府角色转变对不同所有权性质企业权益资本成本的影响。政府减少对企业的干预会产生两个效应:一方面,增强企业经营行为和经营环境的可预期性,从而降低权益资本成本,即"可预期效应";另一方面,会减少对企业的保护,增加企业的风险,提高权益资本成本,即"保护效应"。两个效应的强弱与企业所有权性质密切相关。我们的研究发现,最终控制人是地方政府的企业,"保护效应"比较强,抵消了"可预期效应"的作用,政府角色转变对权益资本成本没有显著影响;对非国有企业,政府保护比较弱,因此在"可预期效应"的作用下,权益资本成本随着政府对经济干预程度减小而降低。     

信息披露、外部监督与资本成本——基于中小企业板的实证分析

本文使用深圳证券交易所中小板上市公司2012-2016年度的样本资料,研究信息披露水平与资本成本的关系,与大部分学者的观点一样,分析表明信息披露水平与资本成本负相关.从外部社会监督的角度来看,新闻媒体的关注、机构投资者、分析师等外部治理因素对公司权益资本成本有重大的制约作用.研究结果表明,分析师、机构投资者以及媒体作为我国资本市场极为重要的社会外部监督力量,能够削弱信息披露水平对企业资本成本的敏感度,也就是说,外部监督力量越强,信息披露水平对权益资本成本的影响越小.     

董事会报告可读性、制度环境与股权资本成本

依据2007-2016年中国上市公司数据,考量上市公司董事会报告的可读性、制度环境与股权资本成本之间的关系。结果发现：董事会报告更好的可读性、制度环境更完善有助于降低公司股权资本成本;制度环境越完善,公司股权资本成本越少受到董事会报告可读性的影响。鉴此,应完善公司非财务信息披露和外部制度环境,促进企业有效信息的对外传递,降低企业融资成本。     

International Differences in the Cost of Equity Capital: Do Legal Institutions and Securities Regulation Matter?

This paper examines international differences in firms' cost of equity capital across 40 countries. We analyze whether the effectiveness of a country's legal institutions and securities regulation is systematically related to cross‐country differences in the cost of equity capital. We employ several models to estimate firms' implied or ex ante cost of capital. Our results support the conclusion that firms from countries with more extensive disclosure requirements, stronger securities regulation, and stricter enforcement mechanisms have a significantly lower cost of capital. We perform extensive sensitivity analyses to assess the potentially confounding influence of countries' long‐run growth differences on our results. We also show that, consistent with theory, the cost of capital effects of strong legal institutions become substantially smaller and, in many cases, statistically insignificant as capital markets become globally more integrated.     

Capital Regulation and Competition as a Moderator for Banking Stability

Capital regulation forces banks to fund a substantial amount of their investments with equity. This creates a buffer against losses but also increases the cost of funding. If higher funding costs translate into higher loan interest rates, the bank's assets are also likely to become more risky, which may destabilize the lending bank. This paper argues that the level of competition in the banking sector can determine whether the buffer or cost effect prevails. The endogenous level of competition may be crucial in determining the efficiency of capital regulation in undercapitalized banking sectors, with excess capacities and correlated risks.     

When Does Information Asymmetry Affect the Cost of Capital?

This paper examines when information asymmetry among investors affects the cost of capital in excess of standard risk factors. When equity markets are perfectly competitive, information asymmetry has no separate effect on the cost of capital. When markets are imperfect, information asymmetry can have a separate effect on firms’ cost of capital. Consistent with our prediction, we find that information asymmetry has a positive relation with firms’ cost of capital in excess of standard risk factors when markets are imperfect and no relation when markets approximate perfect competition. Overall, our results show that the degree of market competition is an important conditioning variable to consider when examining the relation between information asymmetry and cost of capital.     

Political rights and equity pricing

We examine the influence of political rights on the implied cost of equity capital using a sample of firms from 44 countries. We find that firms' equity financing costs are lower when political rights are stronger. We further find that political institutions' direct impact on the cost of equity capital is incremental to that of legal institutions. Economically, our results imply that a one standard deviation increase in political rights is associated with a 38 basis point decrease in corporate cost of equity capital. In additional analyses, we find that the effect of political rights on equity pricing is more pronounced in countries with weak legal institutions.     

Annual report readability and the cost of equity capital

Using a large panel of U.S. public firms, we examine the relation between annual report readability and cost of equity capital. We hypothesize that complex textual reporting deters investors' ability to process and interpret annual reports, leading to higher information risk, and thus higher cost of equity financing. Consistent with our prediction, we find that greater textual complexity is associated with higher cost of equity capital. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks, including use of multiple estimation methods, alternative proxies of annual report readability and cost of equity capital measures, and potential endogeneity concerns. In addition, we hypothesize and test whether the nature of the relation between readability and cost of capital depends on the tone of 10-K filings. Our results show that the effect of annual report complexity on cost of equity is greater when disclosure tone is more negative or more ambiguous. We also find that the effect of annual report readability on cost of equity capital depends on the degree of stock market competition, level of institutional investors' ownership, and analyst coverage.     

Enterprise Risk Management and the Cost of Capital

Enterprise risk management (ERM) is a process that manages all risks in an integrated, holistic fashion by controlling and coordinating any offsetting risks across the enterprise. This research investigates whether the adoption of the ERM approach affects firms' cost of equity capital. We restrict our analysis to the U.S. insurance industry to control for unobservable differences in business models and risk exposures across industries. We simultaneously model firms' adoption of ERM and the effect of ERM on the cost of capital. We find that ERM adoption significantly reduces firm's cost of capital. Our results suggest that cost of capital benefits are one answer to the question how ERM can create value.     

Dividend Taxes and Implied Cost of Equity Capital

We estimate firm‐level implied cost of equity capital based on recent advances in accounting and finance research and examine the effect of dividend taxes on the cost of equity capital. We investigate whether dividend taxes affect firms' cost of capital by testing the relation between the implied cost of equity capital and a measure of the tax‐penalized portion of dividend yield, which we define as the product of dividend yield and the dividend tax penalty. The results generally support the dividend tax capitalization hypothesis. We find a positive relation between the implied cost of equity capital and the tax‐penalized portion of dividend yield that is decreasing in aggregate institutional ownership, our proxy for tax‐advantaged investors. The evidence in this study adds to the understanding of the effect of investor‐level taxes on equity value.     

Political connections and the cost of equity capital

Motivated by recent research on the costs and benefits of political connection, we examine the cost of equity capital of politically connected firms. Using propensity score matching models, we find that politically connected firms enjoy a lower cost of equity capital than their non-connected peers. We find further that political connections are more valuable for firms with stronger ties to political power. In additional analyses, we find that the effect of political connection on firms' equity financing costs is influenced by the prevailing country-level institutional and political environment, and by firm characteristics. Taken together, our findings provide strong evidence that investors require a lower cost of capital for politically connected firms, which suggests that politically connected firms are generally considered less risky than non-connected firms.     

董事高管责任保险、权益资本成本与上市公司再融资能力

基于公司治理角度,使用2002~2012年沪深引进董事高管责任保险的上市公司为样本,考察了董事高管责任保险、权益资本成本和上市公司再融资能力三者之间的相互关系。研究表明：董事高管责任保险与上市公司的再融资能力负相关,与权益资本成本呈显著正相关关系;权益资本成本在董事高管责任保险和上市公司再融资能力影响机制中发挥中介作用。具体地,投资者因规避责任保险机制庇护下公司高管自利行为可招致的风险,导致上市公司权益资本成本增加,从而降低了公司再融资能力。