程序化交易穿透式监管：问题检视与路径优化

近年来，程序化交易在我国证券市场得到了广泛应用。在改善市场流动性、提高定价效率的同时，程序化交易也显露出加剧市场波动、有违交易公平性等负面影响。建立“穿透”程序化交易结构、获取真实交易信息的监管体系的需求日益迫切。虽然在现行证券市场交易规则和证券监管实务中，都有穿透式监管理念的体现和运用，但穿透式监管在证券法律体系中还不是一个正式的法律概念。为了在法治轨道上推行程序化交易的穿透式监管，有必要建构相关的监管法律法规框架，落实依法监管；注重“监管并重”，补齐程序化交易穿透式监管“服务功能”的缺失；推行多元合作规制，提升穿透式监管的有效性。     

中国金融机构利率衍生产品交易:业务体系的框架性设计

本文在考察各国中央银行衍生产品交易监管法规的基础上,结合中国金融市场的各种特征与发展趋势,对中国金融机构开办利率衍生产品交易所需的业务体系框架进行了总体性设计,对业务体系中的市场风险控制、信用风险控制等关键问题结合中国实际提出了解决思路与具体规划。     

欧洲期货市场程序化及高频交易:监管和新趋势

程序化交易及高频交易的监管是近年来境内外期货市场的热点.欧洲对于程序化及高频交易的监管走在全球的前列,其中,德国是全球首个实施《高频交易法》的国家.为了积极有序地防范和应对风险,本文着重研究了欧盟高频交易以及程序化交易在法规和技术层面的监管措施,并分析了其实际监管效果、案例以及最新的监管趋势.对于欧洲期货市场高频交易监...     

期货市场中程序化交易的应用策略分析

随着我国期货理财时代的到来,金融市场上的衍生产品种类繁多,相应的金融风险也随之被放大。程序化交易作为防范风险,提高风险可控性的一个有效手段为越来越多的人所了解和接受。程序化交易是利用行情软件和电脑程序,借助市场技术指标,由预定程序计算出买卖点,根据电脑的信号进行买进和卖出的操作。程序化交易在期货市场中得到了广泛的应用。但是程序化交易并不是万能的"印钞机",其主要交易程序还依赖人的交易思想,在实践应用中也存在着一些局限性。本文对期货市场中程序化交易的应用策略进行分析,针对国际上程序化交易事件,提出了对程序化交易的客观认识和存在的局限性。     

期货程序化在我国的现状及前景分析

随着国内股指期货的推出,以及金融创新的不断深化,各种各样的程序化交易系统在国内市场渐渐浮出水面.随着我国金融行业的不断发展,程序化交易在我国期货市场的普及和推广,必然给市场带来重大的变革和发展空间.本文首先归纳了程序化交易的优劣势,再次介绍了国内几种主要的程序化交易策略,接着着重分析了期货程序化的国内现状,揭示其发展瓶颈和现有局面,最后对我国发展期货程序化提出了几点建议     

金融市场中的高频交易与监管

高频交易作为一种新兴的交易模式,短短几年内占据了金融市场的巨大份额,改变了传统的交易模式.近年来,我国证券市场上也有了较多的交易者进行量化交易.高频交易在为市场创造超常流动性并平滑证券价格的同时,也对市场交易秩序产生了消极影响.通过对美股“5·6闪电崩盘”过程的梳理,总结分析美国证券市场的监管措施,从技术层面提出了加强我国证券市场监管的对策建议,包括：制定高频交易技术规范,健全有效的市场冷却机制,健全跨市场联动风险预警制度及风险控制预案.     

国外高频交易的发展现状及启示

证券市场上的高频交易模式大体上分为四类:订单拆分策略、做市交易策略、定量化交易策略和其他策略。研究发现:(1)高频交易降低了买卖价差,提高了市场流动性,而并没有增加市场波动率,甚至反而可能降低了市场波动率;(2)没有发现高频交易者存在系统性抢单行为(并不排除有特定高频交易者存在此类行为);(3)学术研究认为高频交易有导致市场风险的可能性,但是事件调查大多认为高频交易不是引发市场风险的罪魁祸首。本文认为,对高频交易的监管应该注重抓住重点区别对待,以维护公平、透明、高效的市场秩序。     

印度场外衍生品交易报告库的发展研究

金融危机后,全球主要资本市场相继推出相应立法,如美国的《多德-弗兰克法案》、欧盟的《欧洲市场基础设施条例》等;同时新设或改革原有监管机构,调整多层次资本市场体系,以及通过建立交易报告库等市场基础设施加强对场外衍生品市场的监管。印度在加强场外市场集中清算和交易报告库等制度的建设方面,采取了通过交易报告库增加市场透明度、利用集中清算转移化解场外市场风险等措施。印度在充分了解和认识本国场外衍生品市场发展的基础上,选择了政府发起、本地设立以及单一管理的交易报告库模式。这符合印度场外衍生品的发展阶段和发展规模,能够满足阶段性场外衍生品交易透明性的需求,同时具备经济上的可行性。随着我国场外衍生品市场监管的推进,通过设立交易报告库使监管机构有效获取市场信息,并以此提高市场透明度、降低系统性风险日显重要。对此,印度场外衍生品交易报告库的设立模式具有一定的借鉴和启发意义。     

高频交易与操纵市场

高频交易是资本市场上金融科技迅速发展的产物,是一种采用托管等低延时通信技术,通过高速信息处理,运用多个算法程序实施日内频繁交易的自动交易系统。尽管高频交易具有提供市场流动性、加深市场深度的积极意义,但也存在放大市场波动、为交易而交易且容易导致滥用市场交易优势的操纵行为。比较目前欧美对高频交易的监管实践,幌骗、试单、扰乱交易行为以及滥用市场成为高频交易操纵市场的主要手段。立足于我国现实,对集中于期货市场的高频交易应加强监管,完善透明、及时、公开的市场报价机制,明确涉及高频交易操纵行为的判断指标体系。     

金融对文化产业创新服务的法律规制——以文化艺术品份额化交易为中心

当前我国文化艺术品交易所开展的文化艺术品份额化交易,实现了文化艺术品市场与金融资本市场有机结合的创新,但以《物权法》共有规则来调整文化艺术品份额化交易投资人之间的关系以及以《证券法》的相关规则来调整文化艺术品份额化交易行为都有不足。我国必须在传统立法基础上,针对文化艺术品份额化交易进行专门立法,建立文化艺术品份额化交易基本法律规制体系,以规范交易行为、防范交易风险,保护投资人利益。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…