促进河北省产业集群发展的财税政策建议

产业集群是指在某一特定领域中（通常以一个主导产业为核心）大量产业联系密切的企业以及相关支撑机构在空间上集聚。产业内的相关企业和机构通过结成集群，可以极大地降低交易费用，并充分利用集群所带来的外部规模的经济效应。美国哈佛大学教授及管理学大师迈克尔·波特在其竞争优势理论中指出，国家竞争优势的获得，关键在于产业的竞争，     

交易费用与企业组织形式演变

随着新制度经济学的发展,交易费用在经济研究中得到广泛应用。交易内部化以降低加以费用进而产生了规模巨大的集团公司。然而大的集团公司需要很高的管理成本,而产业集群本身不需要很高的管理成本又可以降低交易费用,产业集群是一种能够有效降低交易费用的制度形式。最后在对虚拟企业的概念进行界定的基础上,从交易费用理论的角度对虚拟企业进行分析,从而得出虚拟企业这种组织形式的优势所在以及发展的前景。     

创新集群的竞争优势与创新驱动发展新战略

本文从集群的概念和内涵出发,着重论述了创新集群的竞争优势以及集群战略对区域经济发展的意义。文章指出,产业集群是一种全新的产业组织形式、是一个特殊的社会生产系统、是一个区域创新系统,它具有规模、创新、资源和组织等方面的优势,这是发展产业集群的意义所在。作者认为,集群战略是区域经济发展的新战略,因为创新集群是国家与区域创新系统的一种重要实现方式,它有利于培育与提升产业竞争优势、推动地方经济增长、促进中小企业发展。     

创新集群的竞争优势与创新驱动发展新战略

本文从集群的概念和内涵出发,着重论述了创新集群的竞争优势以及集群战略对区域经济发展的意义.文章指出,产业集群是一种全新的产业组织形式、是一个特殊的社会生产系统、是一个区域创新系统,它具有规模、创新、资源和组织等方面的优势,这是发展产业集群的意义所在.作者认为,集群战略是区域经济发展的新战略,因为创新集群是国家与区域创新系统的一种重要实现方式,它有利于培育与提升产业竞争优势、推动地方经济增长、促进中小企业发展.     

内蒙古发展资源比较优势产业集群研究

产业集群是当今世界显著的经济现象之一。产业集群突破了企业和单产业的边界,形成具有竞争力的特色经济组织。本文在对资源型产业与资源型产业集群概念辨析的基础上,明晰了资源型产业集群所具有的竞争优势,并结合内蒙古经济发展现状,指出内蒙古发展资源型产业集群可能存在的问题,提出了推进内蒙古资源型产业集群化发展的对策,以提升区域竞争力,促进内蒙古的经济发展。     

培育和发展产业集群,增强区域经济竞争力

产业集群是在企业地理集中的基础上发展起来的一种具有更高竞争力的经济组织模式。集群主要是通过促进企业的衍生和最大限度地将区域内资源要素组织起来获取市场竞争力的。它的发展能显著地增强区域经济的竞争力,本文阐述了产业集群的竞争优势,探讨了培育和发展产业集群的路径。     

黑龙江省中小企业集群化政策机制研究

当前，中小企业已经成为促进科技成果转化、加快市场变革和规范商业竞争的主要经济组织。应对世界经济的快速发展，中小企业不断创新产业空间组织形式，集群便是众多具有竞争优势的合作的首选模式。本文．在阐述中小企业产业集群特征及竞争优势的基础上，分析了黑龙江省中小企业集群化发展中存在的问题，并提出了有针对·洼的政策建议。     

产业集群与供应链管理的比较分析

产业集群和供应链管理是提升地区或产业竞争力的两种重要途径.通过对两种竞争战略进行比较分析得出结论:产业集群和供应链管理具有相当大的兼容度和互补性,将两者结合在一起,可以最大化地获得分工经济和规模经济的效果,提高地域专业化和集聚水平,分享全球分工优势.     

产业集群内企业技术创新的竞合关系研究

一、引言 当前,国际上产业集群数量的增加与产业集群强大的竞争优势是显著的经济现象之一.无论是发达的国家还是发展中国家都存在着大量的产业集群,并且数量还在不断的增加,尤其是发展中国家,产业集群正在不断的涌现.     

从产业集群理论视角看我国高等教育资源共享的必要性

20世纪90年代以来,产业集群已发展成世界经济中颇具特色的经济组织形式,集群内的企业通过合作交流,发挥节约交易费用、专业性、规模经济等效应,并产生强大的外部效应,带动地区甚至整个国家的济发展。本文对产业集群理论在教育资源共享中的效应进行分析的基础上,证明我国高等教育资源共享的必要性。     

会计职业资格的性质及其角色实现:一个交易成本分析框架

会计职业资格的性质及其角色实现是一个同时涉及有限理性、机会主义、人力资产专用性、不确定性与复杂性、信息不对称、氛围等交易成本存在原因的产业组织问题。文章试图将交易成本整合到传统的成本收益分析中,构建一个完整的交易成本分析框架,以分析会计职业资格的性质及其角色实现。文章认为,会计职业资格是鉴别会计人员职业能力、节约会计专门人才供需双方交易成本的一种重要机制,其角色实现需要关注其内在基础、约束条件、核心保证与总体效果。这给会计职业资格各方提出了诸多对应性要求。     

Empirical evidence on payment media costs and switch points

This paper recovers micro cost schedules of consumers’ payment instruments from aggregate transaction costs. We assume that only two moments of the size distribution of payments matter: the number and volume of transactions. These variables explain the transaction costs of currency and debit card payments with much precision for a representative 1998 sample of Dutch retailers. The results imply that low fixed transaction costs favor currency for small transactions, while low variable transaction costs favor debit card payments for large transactions. The switch point is 30 Euros, but including the hidden costs of currency would lower it to 13 Euros.     

我国产业集群对人才需求的特征及挑战

产业集群是国际产业发展的新特征。发展产业集群是提高我国城市乃至国家竞争力的必然选择。正确认识产业集群对人才需求的特征和挑战是非常重要的问题,因为产业集群给人才提供了广阔的就业空间,而人才状况作用于产业集群的发展质量。产业集群化是实现经济后发优势、增强国际竞争力的有效途径之一。     

The incidence of excess interest costs paid by municipalities in the competitive sale of bonds

State and local governments often pay higher interest rates than necessary on their new municipal bonds sold competitively because of the use of inefficient bidding rules and of a flawed measure of interest rate to evaluate the bids. This paper answers the question: if municipalities pay more than necessary, who benefits? The evidence suggests that the largest beneficiary is the Federal government, which collects capital gains taxes that it would not if the bonds were sold more efficiently. Most of the remainder of the excess interest costs are absorbed as economic waste or as windfalls to inframarginal investors.     

The no-arbitrage condition and financial markets with transaction costs and heterogeneous information: The bid-ask spread

This paper investigates the implications of the no-arbitrage (NA) condition in markets with transaction costs and heterogeneous information. Dermody and Prisman (1993) showed that, in financial markets with increasing marginal transaction costs, the NA condition is equivalent to the existence of a valuation operator. They explore the exact dependence of this operator on the structure of transaction costs. They show that equilibrium prices in the “corresponding” perfect markets plus a certain factor determine the valuation operator in markets with increasing marginal transaction costs. This paper emphasizes that their result is applicable to financial markets with decreasing marginal transaction costs. Furthermore, this paper shows that, in financial markets with transaction costs and heterogeneous information, the NA condition imposes a constraint on the bid-ask spread.     

交易费用、政府边界与财政体制改革

将新制度经济学中的交易费用理论引入政府供给公共产品的分析，给出了政府供给公共产品的边界的理论模型。我国政府在供给公共产品过程中发生的交易费用：决策费用、实施费用和监督费用过高，制约了我国政府供给公共产品的效率。制度的一项重要功能是降低交易成本，改革财政分权体制是降低政府供给公共产品发生的交易费用的有效途径。     

Option Replication in Discrete Time with Transaction Costs

Option replication is discussed in a discrete-time framework with transaction costs. The model represents an extension of the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial option pricing model to cover the case of proportional transaction costs. The method proceeds by constructing the appropriate replicating portfolio at each trading interval. Numerical values of these prices are presented for a range of parameter values. The paper derives a simple Black-Scholes type approximation for the option prices with transaction costs and demonstrates numerically that it is quite accurate for plausible parameter values.     

我国家族企业中的“人际关系网”——现状及制度诱因

本文以新制度经济学为基础,实证考察了我国家族企业中人际关系网的存在性及其制度诱因。本文认为,当企业经营具有关系型交易特征时,家族成员及泛家族成员与创始人之间的相互信任关系会显著降低交易成本,提升企业关系型资产的价值。以创始人具有的政商关系以及企业与客户和供应商之间的商业网络关系作为关系型交易的衡量指标,本文对我国274家民营企业在IPO年度的3639位高管成员的分析支持上述结论,即家族企业的关系型交易特征与家族成员和泛家族成员在高管团队中的比例显著正相关。进一步的检验表明,家族成员和泛家族成员的持股比例显著高于其他高管,但年度薪酬对公司当期业绩的敏感性却显著低于其他高管。这表明,人际关系网导致高管激励模式更趋长期化。     

The Politics of Transaction Costs

This article aims to develop a model for analysing the operation and outcomes of the contracting process as it applies to public services, and to explore the politics of transaction costs involved in this process using a case study of Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) in the UK. For this purpose the article deals with the policy outputs from two time periods, 1991 and 1994, which are regarded as the most dynamic years in terms of CCT policy implementation. The article also demonstrates how transaction costs may be manipulated in the contracting process by the interested parties. Finally, it suggests that the politics of transaction costs should be studied systematically in the future.     

Implications of Transaction Costs for the Post–Earnings Announcement Drift

This paper examines the effect of transaction costs on the post–earnings announcement drift (PEAD). Using standard market microstructure features we show that transaction costs constrain the informed trades that are necessary to incorporate earnings information into price. This implies weaker return responses at the time of the earnings announcement and higher subsequent returns drift for firms with higher transaction costs. Consistent with this prediction, we find that earnings response coefficients are lower for firms with higher transaction costs. Using portfolio analyses, we find that the profits of implementing the PEAD trading strategy are significantly reduced by transaction costs. In addition, we show, using a combination of portfolio and regression analyses, that firms with higher transaction costs are the ones that provide the higher abnormal returns for the PEAD strategy. Our results indicate that transaction costs can provide an explanation not only for the persistence but also for the existence of PEAD.