房地产上市公司融资模式对投资行为的影响

借鉴 Aivazianetal 简化投资模型建立了融资模式对投资行为影响的理论模型,基于1998~2012年的面板数据,实证研究不同产权属性和不同规模房地产上市公司融资模式对投资行为的影响。研究发现：房地产上市公司的债务融资会促使投资增长,而股权融资会减少投资,内源性融资与投资行为的相关性并不显著;国有房地产上市公司的投资行为更加积极;大规模房地产上市公司受外部融资约束更强。为此,应完善房地产上市公司治理结构、拓宽融资渠道。     

R&D投资迎合行为:理性迎合渠道与股权融资渠道?——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

本文基于中国上市公司与投资者的行为互动视角,对公司R&D投资行为的误定价迎合性进行研究检验。总体而言,本文研究结果支持了R&D投资迎合行为假说,发现在中国制度环境下R&D投资迎合行为的实施主体为民营终极控制上市公司。误定价影响R&D投资的传导路径与股权融资渠道密切相关,与股票市场外部治理压力下的理性迎合渠道不显著相关,不存在公司管理者为最大化股权薪酬利益而迎合投资者短视的R&D投资行为。此外,R&D投资迎合行为与盈余管理行为之间的关联性也主要是通过股权融资渠道而结合起来。     

用自己的钱还是用别人的钱创新?——基于中国上市公司融资结构与公司创新的研究

中国上市公司是否对创新融资存在显著的选择偏好?本文利用2006～2010年中国上市公司的经验数据研究发现:(1)内源融资、外源融资对公司创新投资均存在显著的正面影响,但外源融资对创新投资的促进效应大于内源融资。(2)进一步考察股权融资、债权融资、政府补助三种外源融资对公司创新的影响可以发现,政府补助最能够显著提高中国上市公司创新投资,股权融资的影响次之,债权融资则不明显。(3)政府补助对债权融资与公司创新投资之间的关系存在显著的调节效应,政府补助可以"刺激"上市公司通过债权融资提高公司创新投资。本文对中国上市公司创新融资的内在逻辑进行了深入探讨,在一定程度上为国家促进企业自主创新和推动资本市场发展提供了理论依据与决策参考。     

股权质押融资、非效率投资与股价波动性——基于“中介效应”模型的实证检验北大核心CSSCI

近年来,股权质押融资已成为上市公司股东的主要融资方式之一,在一定程度上增加了股市风险,不利于资本市场的健康发展。本文使用2006—2020年我国A股上市公司数据,检验了上市公司股权质押融资对股价波动的影响及其影响机制。实证结果表明,上市公司股权质押加剧了股价波动,在经工具变量法和倾向得分匹配法等缓解内生性后本文结论依然稳健。此外,机制检验发现,股权质押会通过增加非效率投资加剧股价波动;异质性检验发现,公司治理水平的提升可以缓解股权质押对股价波动的影响。基于以上研究结论,本文从完善股权质押融资制度建设、加强公司外部监管、强化公司内部治理等三方面提出了政策建议,并对中小投资者提出警示。     

公司的资本成本与投资理性——来自沪深上市公司的证据

本文对我国上市公司的投资行为及其影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明：（1）上市企业的投资决策受资本成本的约束显著，符合市场理性；（2）企业投资对内部现金流、外部负债融资和股权融资都具有敏感性，但回归系数依序递减，可能说明了不同融资形式的成本差异；（3）产品市场需求增长为企业带来了有价值的投资机会，具有拉动企业投资的显著作用。     

中国文化传媒上市公司投融资行为影响因素研究

选取中国文化传媒上市公司2006~2011年的非平衡动态面板数据,运用系统 GMM 方法构建了融资-投资模型,从内源融资、债务融资和股权融资三个方面对融资因素对投资行为的影响进行实证研究。结果表明：内源融资无法满足中国文化上市公司投资行为的资金需求,存在一定的负效应;债务融资和股权融资对投资行为起着较强的正向促进作用,且后者的影响更大。此外,中国中小型文化传媒公司存在较明显的股权融资偏好。     

市场时机对我国上市公司并购融资行为的影响

全流通格局开启了我国上市公司并购融资多元化的时代。在国内研究中,鲜有基于股权分置改革来研究市场时机对我国上市公司并购融资行为的影响。因此,本文以外部融资加权平均市账比作为市场时机的代理变量,通过建立Tobit模型进行实证检验与分析,发现在股票市场全流通的背景下,市场时机对上市公司并购融资行为具有显著的影响,但这种影响持续性很短,大约为3年。同时检验结果表明,市场时机、盈利能力对公司债务杠杆的影响在长期内会发生逆转。     

高管人员股权激励与投资决策关系的实证研究

本文运用我国上市公司2002-2005年的面板数据,对我国上市公司高管人员股权激励与投资决策之间交互作用及内生关系进行了实证检验,得出了以下主要结论:实行股票增值权公司的投资量较其他激励模式公司的投资量更大;我国上市公司高管人员股权激励对投资有显著的正影响;我国上市公司投资对高管人员股权激励有显著的正影响;我国上市公司高管人员股权激励与投资满足内生决定关系。     

资本市场错误定价、融资约束与公司融资方式选择

本文运用2000-2013年中国A股上市公司年数据,研究了资本市场错误定价对不同融资约束水平公司融资方式选择的影响。研究发现,对于股权融资,无论融资约束水平高低,错误定价对公司股权融资均具有显著的正向影响;对于债务融资,股价高估会显著促进高融资约束公司的债务融资,包括长期债务融资和短期债务融资,而对低融资约束公司则不存在显著影响。同时还发现,错误定价对高融资约束公司短期债务融资的正向影响要远高于长期债务融资。这表明,在中国资本市场,资本市场错误定价对不同融资约束水平公司融资方式选择的影响存在显著差异,对高融资约束公司的影响表现为股权融资、短期债务融资、长期债务融资的融资优序现象,而对低融资约束公司则不存在这一现象。     

市场时机与公司投资:研究述评

在资本市场非有效的情况下,管理者具有利用市场错误定价所带来的市场时机的动机,这种市场时机是否会对公司资本投资产生影响以及是否造成了社会资源的错误配置一直是学术界关注的焦点。本文对国外学者关于管理者利用市场时机的投资决策动机、市场时机影响公司投资支出的股权融资渠道和迎合渠道、市场时机衡量指标以及市场时机如何影响资源配置效率的相关研究进行了回顾和评析,并在此基础上提出了进一步开展该领域研究的几点启示。     

Investment-cash flow sensitivity cannot be a good measure of financial constraints: Evidence from the time series

Investment-cash flow sensitivity has declined and disappeared, even during the 2007-2009 credit crunch. If one believes that financial constraints have not disappeared, then investment-cash flow sensitivity cannot be a good measure of financial constraints. The decline and disappearance are robust to considerations of R&D and cash reserves, and across groups of firms. The information content in cash flow regarding investment opportunities has declined, but measurement error in Tobin's q does not completely explain the patterns in investment-cash flow sensitivity. The decline and disappearance cannot be explained by changes in sample composition, corporate governance, or market power—and remain a puzzle.     

Corporate financing decisions, managerial market timing, and real investment

Both market timing and investment-based theories of corporate financing predict under-performance after firms raise capital, but only market timing predicts that the composition of financing (equity compared with debt) should also forecast returns. In cross-sectional tests, we find that the amount of net financing is more important than its composition in explaining future stock returns. In the time series, investment-based factor models explain abnormal stock performance following a variety of corporate financing events that previous studies link to market timing. At the aggregate level, the amount of new financing is also more important for future market returns than its composition. Overall, our joint tests reveal that measures of real investment are correlated with future returns and measures of managerial market timing are not.     

Why has the investment-cash flow sensitivity declined so sharply? Rising R&D and equity market developments

The study of the investment-cash flow (ICF) sensitivity constitutes one of the largest literatures in corporate finance, yet little is known about changes in the ICF relationship over time, and the literature has largely ignored how rising R&D investment and developments in equity markets have impacted ICF sensitivity estimates. We show that for the time period 1970–2006, the ICF sensitivity: (i) largely disappears for physical investment, (ii) remains comparatively strong for R&D, and (iii) declines, but does not disappear, for total investment. We argue that these findings can largely be explained by the changing composition of investment and the rising importance of public equity as a source of funds, particularly for firms with persistent negative cash flows.     

Financial expertise of directors

We analyze how directors with financial expertise affect corporate decisions. Using a novel panel data set, we find that financial experts exert significant influence, though not necessarily in the interest of shareholders. When commercial bankers join boards, external funding increases and investment-cash flow sensitivity decreases. However, the increased financing flows to firms with good credit but poor investment opportunities. Similarly, investment bankers on boards are associated with larger bond issues but worse acquisitions. We find little evidence that financial experts affect compensation policy. The results suggest that increasing financial expertise on boards may not benefit shareholders if conflicting interests (e.g., bank profits) are neglected.     

Does equity market timing have a persistent impact on capital structure? Evidence from China

This paper uses the change in individual securities accounts as a measure of equity funding supply to examine whether the persistent timing effect on capital structure exists for the Chinese equity market. This new equity timing measure avoids previous criticisms over a timing measure not being independent of a firm's characteristics of capital structure. Our empirical results show that this new measure is an effective market timing variable for issuing equity in the Chinese equity market, and that a persistent effect of equity market timing on firm capital structure exists for more than 7 years. This paper offers evidence that the market conditions of equity funding supply play an important role in corporate financing decisions in China.     

Costly external financing, investment timing, and investment–cash flow sensitivity

This paper examines the effects of costly external financing on the optimal timing of a firm's investment. By altering the optimal investment timing, costly financing affects current investment and the sensitivity of investment to internal cash flow. Importantly, the relation between the cost of external funds and investment–cash flow sensitivity is non-monotonic. Investment–cash flow sensitivity is decreasing in the cost of external financing when it is relatively low and is increasing in the financing cost when it is high. Empirical tests examining investment–cash flow sensitivities within groups of firms classified by proxies for their costs of external funds provide evidence consistent with the model. The model and the empirical results complement recent studies by Cleary, Povel and Raith [Cleary, S., Povel, P. and Raith, M., 2007. The U-shaped investment curve: theory and evidence, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 42, 1–39.] and Almeida and Campello [Almeida, H. and Campello, M., in press, Financial constraints, asset tangibility and corporate investment, Review of Financial Studies.] that show a non-monotonic relation between firms' investment and the availability of internal funds.     

Financing uncertain growth

We examine interactions between investment and financing decisions in a dynamic model where the firm can alter the mix of debt and equity financing and exercise a randomly arriving and potentially short lived growth option. The firm will typically finance the exercise of the growth option with equity and may wait years before recapitalizing to a higher debt level. The lack of coordination between the timing of investment and debt financing helps explain a number of findings in the empirical literature, including violation of the financing pecking order, debt conservatism, apparent market timing of security issues, and more pronounced underperformance following equity issues than debt issues.     

Determinants of target capital structure: The case of dual debt and equity issues

We examine whether market and operating performance affect corporate financing behavior because they are related to target leverage. Our focus on firms that issue both debt and equity enhances our ability to draw inferences. Consistent with dynamic trade-off theories, dual issuers offset the deviation from the target resulting from accumulation of earnings and losses. Our results also imply that high market-to-book firms have low target debt ratios. On the other hand, consistent with market timing, high stock returns increase the probability of equity issuance but have no effect on target leverage.     

Corporate financial structure and financial stability

Drawing on a unique dataset of flow-of funds and balance sheet data, this paper analyzes the impact of financial crises on aggregate corporate financing and expenditure in a range of countries. Investment and inventory contractions are the main contributors to lower GDP growth after crises, with a much greater effect in emerging market countries. The debt–equity ratio is correlated with investment and inventory declines following crises. Econometric analysis suggests that financial crises have a greater impact on expenditure and the financing of corporate sectors in emerging markets than in industrial countries. Industrial countries appear to benefit from a pick-up in bond issuance in the wake of banking crises. Although companies in emerging market countries hold more precautionary liquidity, this is evidently not sufficient to prevent a greater amplitude of response of expenditure to shocks.     

A valuation-based test of market timing

We implement an earnings-based fundamental valuation model to test the impact of market timing on the firm's method of funding the financing deficit. We argue that our valuation metric provides a superior measure of equity misvaluation because it avoids multiple interpretation problems faced by the market-to-book ratio. It also eliminates the need to infer market timing based on the actions of corporate insiders or other indirect measures. We find a strong positive relation between the degree to which a firm is overvalued and the proportion of the firm's financing deficit that is funded with equity. This result is found cross-sectionally and through time and is robust to firm size, and other variables known to impact capital structure. We find evidence that overvaluation in the 1990s led to equity being increasingly preferred over debt. For a broad set of firms, market timing explains a significant portion of the variation in the type of security used to fund the financing deficit.