防范房地产泡沫引发系统性金融风险的思考

1房地产泡沫引起了国内国际社会广泛关注2003年以来,我国城市房价连续大幅上涨。国际上通常判断房价高低的指标是租售比和房价收入比,我国的这两项指标都远远超过国际正常标准。租售比是指房屋租金与房价之间的比值,国际上正常房价的租售比一般为1∶200至1∶300,它意味着如果把房子出租,200个至300个月(大致相当于16     

住房公积金政策对我国房地产市场的影响——基于SVAR模型的实证研究

本文利用1999年二季度至2010年一季度的数据,选取个人住房公积金贷款利率、全国房屋销售价格和全国房屋租赁价格作为分析变量,构建结构向量自回归模型,运用脉冲响应和方差分解方法,就住房公积金贷款利率对我国房价和房租的影响进行实证分析。结果显示,住房公积金政策对我国房价和房租的影响主要侧重于中长期效应,短期效应并不明显,基于此,提出政策建议。     

住房公积金政策对我国房地产市场的影响--基于SVAR模型的实证研究

本文利用1999年二季度至2010年一季度的数据,选取个人住房公积金贷款利率、全国房屋销售价格和全国房屋租赁价格作为分析变量,构建结构向量自回归模型,运用脉冲响应和方差分解方法,就住房公积金贷款利率对我国房价和房租的影响进行实证分析。结果显示,住房公积金政策对我国房价和房租的影响主要侧重于中长期效应,短期效应并不明显,基于此,提出政策建议。     

商品房泡沫判断：基于租售比的分析

本文通过对近年来我国房地产销售价格和房屋租赁价格的变动进行分析及比较,利用"租售比"指标对我国房地产价格是否存在泡沫做出判断.分析表明我国房地产市场已存在很大风险,针对这一事实深层分析房价、租价严重失调的原因,最后根据分析结果提出保持房价稳定的相关建议.     

房产税产生的效果分析

随着城市化进程的加快,各地房市需求出现上扬趋势,投资需求即购买房屋不是为了消费而是为了保值增值的需求,成为推动房地产需求快速增加的主要原因之一。土地的刚性供给决定了房地产市场供给是比较紧张的。本文主要分析房产税对房地产市场需求产生的影响,从而分析房产税效果,最终得出通过房产税提高购房成本抑制需求来降低房价的观点是值得商榷的。     

房产税产生的效果分析

随着城市化进程的加快,各地房市需求出现上扬趋势,投资需求即购买房屋不是为了消费而是为了保值增值的需求,成为推动房地产需求快速增加的主要原因之一。土地的刚性供给决定了房地产市场供给是比较紧张的。本文主要分析房产税对房地产市场需求产生的影响,从而分析房产税效果,最终得出通过房产税提高购房成本抑制需求来降低房价的观点是值得商榷的。     

房地产市场垄断、供给失灵及其治理

本文在考察我国房地产市场供求特征及其经济后果的基础上,构造了一个具有正反馈效应的概念模型。认为由房地产市场的垄断特性带来的供给失灵使得房地产潜在使用需求受到抑制,投资需求得到强化,而这两者又放大和强化了房地产供给失灵,从而解释了我国目前房地产市场房价高、房屋空置率高的矛盾现象,指出房地产问题的根源在于市场垄断下的供给失灵,并提出通过增加房屋供给和制度建设两个方面来治理供给失灵、改善房地产市场运行的政策建议。     

房价放缓态势逐步确立 调控政策不能放松

抑制房价上涨与支撑房价的诸多因素并存,预计房产价格短期内在政策调控下难以快速上涨,小幅回落概率较大1月,我国房价上涨幅度继续收窄。随着国家前期不断加码的调控政策效果逐步显现,房地产市场调整正在深化,房价出现松动迹象。一线城市房价涨幅放缓明显,房价下降趋势逐步由一线城市向二三线城市蔓延,导致二三线城市增速也有所放缓。     

"租购同权"政策对我国大中城市房价的影响研究

根据2014年1月至2019年12月我国35个大中城市的面板数据,运用双重差分模型考量了"租购同权"政策对房价的影响.结果显示:"租购同权"政策不仅能直接有效地抑制试点城市新建商品住房及二手住房房价的增长,还能通过降低房价上涨预期间接平抑房价增长速度,且该政策对不同属性的住房市场及不同建筑面积的住房影响也不同.鉴此,应继续落实"租购同权"政策,大力发展住房租赁市场,增加优质教育资源的供给.     

房地产去库存:进展、问题与对策

本文分析了房地产去库存工作的进展情况,发现取得了一定的成效,但仍存在问题。根本性的问题在于住宅用地供给长期不足,导致一、二线城市房价持续上涨,存在泡沫隐患。而从结构性的角度来看,三、四线城市的主要问题在于吸引力不足,软硬件配套设施不够完善,农民工市民化也面临诸多困难。本文从五个方面提出了政策建议:一是改革土地供给制度,以置换等方式增加城市住宅用地供给,实现"人地挂钩";二是推进新型城镇化,提高三、四线城市吸引力;三是发展住房租赁市场,降低住房空置率;四是合理运用金融、税收等政策工具,促进消费需求,抑制投机需求;五是推动房地产企业转型,升级房地产供给品种。     

The Housing Market Effects of Local Home Purchase Restrictions: Evidence from Beijing

Home prices have surged in major Chinese cities, leading to concerns of asset price bubbles and housing affordability. The policy of home purchase restrictions (HPR) has been one of China’s harshest housing market interventions to squeeze out speculative demand and dampen the soaring home prices. Beijing was the first city to implement the HPR. Employing the regression discontinuity design technique, we find that Beijing’s HPR policy triggered a 17–24 % decrease in resale price, a drop in the price-to-rent ratio of about a quarter of its mean value, and a deep (1/2 to 3/4) reduction in the transaction volume of the for-sale market, with no significant change in the rent or the transaction volume of rental units. In submarkets where housing supply was less elastic, the effects of the HPR were larger in price and smaller in quantity, suggesting that wealthy buyers likely benefited more from the HPR. The scope of the analysis does not allow conclusions regarding the persistence or longevity of these effects.     

中国住房市场波动的影响因素研究——基于租金收益率的方差分解

基于资产定价的视角,本文通过将标准的动态戈登增长模型和传统的住房使用成本模型相结合,建立了一个关于住房市场租金收益率的动态住房使用成本模型。该模型将租金收益率分解为购房的预期资金成本、预期购房相对于租房的风险溢价和预期未来租金增长率三个部分的现值之和。进一步,本文将该模型应用于京沪广深四大城市的季度数据,并使用方差分解方法来考察国内住房市场动态波动的影响因素及其相对重要性。本文结果表明,资金成本变动在四大城市的住房市场波动中为最重要的影响因素,而租金在住房市场波动中虽然存在着一定的影响作用,但并不如资金成本显著。此外,本文还发现,不能直接观测得到的购房相对于租房的风险溢价也是影响国内住房市场的一个不可忽视的重要因素。值得注意的是,近年四大城市居民租房面临的风险相对于购房正日益上升。     

What Drives the Owner‐Occupied and Rental Housing Markets? Evidence from an Estimated DSGE Model

Most dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models with a housing market do not explicitly include a rental market and assume a tight mapping between house prices and rents over the business cycle. However, rents are much smoother than house prices in the data. We match this feature of the data by adding both an owner‐occupied housing market and a rental market in a standard DSGE model. The intertemporal preference shock accounts for more than half of the variation in house prices and contributes to residential investment fluctuations through the liquidity constraint, and nominal rigidity in rental contracts captures the variation in the price‐rent ratio.     

The relationship between rents and prices of owner-occupied housing in Taiwan

This article analyzes the changes of equilibrium rent and equilibrium price of owner-occupied housing in Taiwan, and also computes the rent multiplier and its trend in the past ten years in Taiwan to show how the housing consumption and housing investment change. A hedonic rent equation and a hedonic housing price equation are built first. Then, we apply the Housing Survey Report data from 1979 to 1989, and employ ordinary-least squares method to estimate the two equations. Using estimated coefficients of the two equations, we compute the market rents for owner-occupied housing and the market prices for rental housing. Finally, the rent multipliers are calculated from the market rents and market prices. The article finds that (1) changes of housing prices in Taipei lead to price changes in Kaoshung, and the latter leads Taiwan province; (2) changes of rent are much smaller than the changes of housing price; and (3) housing prices in Taiwan increased drastically. We also find: (1) at the peak of the housing market cycle, the rent multiplier is extremely high; (2) the rent multiplier drops in the year after the peak year because the rent catches up; (3) the rent multiplier in Taipei is greater than that of Kaoshung, and the multiplier in Kaoshung is greater than that of Taiwan province; and (4) overall, the rent multiplier in Taiwan is much greater than that of the United States.     

Understanding Housing Market Volatility

The Campbell–Shiller present value formula implies a factor structure for the price–rent ratio of housing market. Using a dynamic factor model, we decompose the price–rent ratios of 23 major housing markets into a national factor and independent local factors, and we link these factors to the economic fundamentals of the housing markets. We find that a large fraction of housing market volatility is local and that the national factor has become more important than local factors in driving housing market volatility since 1999, consistent with the findings in Del Negro and Otrok (2007). The local volatilities mostly are due to time variations of idiosyncratic housing market risk premia, not local growth. At the aggregate level, the growth and interest rate factors jointly account for less than half of the total variation in the price–rent ratio. The rest is due to the aggregate housing market risk premium and a pricing error. We find evidence that the pricing error is related to money illusion, especially at the onset of the recent housing market bubble. The rapid rise in housing prices prior to the 2008 financial crisis was accompanied by both a large increase in the pricing error and a large decrease in the housing market risk premium.     

The Effects of Anticipated Inflation on Housing Market Equilibrium

An increase in the anticipated rate of inflation causes distortions in the housing market due to a nonindexed tax system. Since nominal rather than real interest payments are tax deductible, an increase in inflation decreases the aftertax cost of capital for homeowners, which in turn increases the demand for housing and increases its real price. This tax gain is shown to be larger for rental housing than for owner-occupied housing. In a competitive market, this implies that although the real price of housing increases with a rise in anticipated inflation, real rental rates fall.     

新兴房屋租赁模式的思考--以一二线城市房地产市场供需为例

当前我国房地产市场出现结构性矛盾,一二城市住房价格上涨过快,而三四城市供大于求,面临较大去库存压力。因此,一些互联网企业、新兴创业投资公司乃至大型房地产企业开始在一二线城市创新住房租赁模式,布局住房租赁市场。5月4日召开的国务院常务会议提出培育和发展住房租赁市场,推进新型城镇化以满足群众住房需求。从国家政策的层面鼓励房屋租赁市场的发展,这是在年初多措并举降低房地产库存的背景下,国务院出台的又一新政。实行购租并举,发展住房租赁市场,是深化住房制度改革的重要内容,有利于加快改善居民尤其是新市民住房条件,推动新型城镇化进程,为青年创新创业提供安居保障。因此,有必要针对这一新兴业态给予一定的金融政策支持。     

House prices and rents: An equilibrium asset pricing approach

We use a relatively general intertemporal asset pricing model where housing services and consumption are non-separable to measure overvaluation of housing in relation to rents in Spain, the UK and the US. Part of the increase in real house prices during the late nineties can be seen as a return to equilibrium following some undershooting after previous price peaks. However, marked increases in house prices led to price-to-rent ratios above equilibrium by mid-2003 (around 30% above equilibrium in the UK, 20% in Spain and 10% in the US). Part of that overvaluation — particularly in Spain and the UK — may be attributable to the sluggishness of supply in the presence of large demand shocks in this market and/or the slow adjustment of observed rents.     

房地产价格对城镇居民收入差距的影响研究——基于区际差异化市场比较

运用聚类分析方法和五等法计算六大类别不同代表省市的基尼系数,依据2002~2011年省市面板数据考量6个不同类别省市房地产价格对收入差距的影响。结果表明:我国不同类别省市的房价波动对基尼系数的变动呈现出一定的差异性与区域性;第一、三类地区房价波动对城镇居民收入差距产生显著影响;第二类地区房地产市场投资投机活动不如第一、三类城市活跃,房价波动幅度比较稳定;第四、五类地区房价波动对收入差距的影响程度次于第二类地区;第六类地区房价波动幅度小,对收入差距不足以产生显著影响。     

租购并举、货币政策与房地产市场波动

为补足房地产市场发展短板,有效解决房地产市场结构性失衡,我国提出加快建立租购并举的住房制度,健全住房租赁市场,满足居民居住需求。本文通过构建一般均衡模型,分析住房租赁市场发展对宏观经济的影响,并采用1998~2010年全国30个大中城市季度数据分析在房地产市场化改革前期房地产市场结构失衡对宏观经济的影响,采用2002~2019年全国月度数据分析实施租购并举住房制度后房地产市场结构改善情况下,宏观经济变化以及货币政策对房地产市场的调节效应。研究结果表明:第一,房地产市场化改革前期,住房以"居住"属性为主,"投资"属性相对较弱;第二,租购并举制度下房租房价之间"剪刀差"的缩小能够有效改善房地产市场失衡的状况;第三,货币政策对房地产市场具有显著影响,但不同的货币政策会产生截然相反的作用。