我国机构投资者对股市高抑价率主导力量研究

在2005年开始实施询价制以来,我国A股IPO抑价率也高居不下,其中机构投资者对高抑价率的形成具有重要的决定作用。在目前我国询价制中对询价诸多细节的规定,使我国机构投资者对IPO定价影响力高于承销商的定价影响力,这种由行政规制获得的权利,抑止了机构投资者发挥其自身专业判断、评估与定价力量来影响IPO定价的市场力量,而滋长了机构投资者以低定价来获取二级市场潜在巨大利益的动机,尤其是我国机构投资者家数少难以形成市场竞争时,更容易产生合谋对IPO低定价局面,从而产生IPO高抑价率现象。     

投资者情绪与IPO定价效率关系研究

本文分析了投资者情绪与IPO定价效率的动态关系,主要结论为:首先,承销商在最终定价时会根据拟发行企业的内在价值,对询价对象提供的报价进行反向调整;其次,IPO抑价率与投资者情绪表现出了较为持久的相互作用影响。市场的投资者情绪是影响IPO定价效率的因素之一。因此,提升IPO定价效率,还要培育真正的机构投资者,并引导其实现长期价值投资。     

创业板新规对IPO抑价的影响研究——基于行为金融学理论的观察

行为金融学理论认为市场并非强势有效的，市场中存在大量的非理性投资者，投资者的非理性行为对IPO抑价的影响具有重要的理论和实践价值。本文依据这一理论，分析创业板新规对IPO抑价的影响。本文选取2020年新规后创业板上市公司的数据，采用统计分析的方法，建立多元线性回归模型，检验各个变量与IPO抑价率之间的关系。通过分析发现，羊群效应导致的投资者热衷于打新股，这一行为将推高创业板市场的IPO抑价率；投资者对新股的乐观程度越高，IPO的抑价率就越高；发行成本越大越容易导致投资者对企业产生不信任，最终导致抑价率走低；市盈率越高的企业IPO抑价率越高；发行规模越大的企业，IPO抑价程度越大，并对此提出相应的政策建议。     

A股IPO高抑价的成因及改革建议

新股IPO抑价问题普遍存在于各国市场,而A股市场上IPO抑价率历史上远高于其他国家,本文通过对中国新股发行定价机制的回顾解释历史上IPO高抑价的成因,其分别来自于一级市场和二级市场的定价偏差.并且在分析A股IPO抑价独特性的前提下,提出了针对中国现实情况的政策改革建议,以使我国证券市场在未来能够健康发展.     

A股IPO高抑价的成因及改革建议

新股IPO抑价问题普遍存在于各国市场,而A股市场上IPO抑价率历史上远高于其他国家,本文通过对中国新股发行定价机制的回顾解释历史上IPO高抑价的成因,其分别来自于一级市场和二级市场的定价偏差。并且在分析A股IPO抑价独特性的前提下,提出了针对中国现实情况的政策改革建议,以使我国证券市场在未来能够健康发展。     

网下优先配售制度对IPO抑价影响的实证研究

IPO抑价是在世界资本市场中普遍存在的现象,但是在我国IPO抑价率长期偏高的现象尤为突出.文章为了研究针对公募和社保基金机构投资者的优先配售制度对于我国A股IPO抑价率的影响,选用2014年一季度在我国A股上市的48只新股和2012年在A股上市的48只新股作为研究样本,利用多元线性逐步回归的方法,实证检验了优先配售制度对于我国IPO抑价率影响的存在性,研究结果表明:优先配售制度的存在降低了我国IPO的抑价率.     

基于French-Fama三因素模型的A股H股IPO定价效率的实证研究

本文以52家在A股与H股两个市场挂牌交易的上市公司为研究对象，通过衡量样本公司在两个市场的IPO抑价程度以及上市后的中长期股价表现来比较两个市场的IPO定价效率，并通过多元回归的方法找出两个市场中影响IPO定价效率的因素，研究表明，A股市场的IPO定价效率显著低于H股市场，针对此现状，本文提出了改革A股市场折股发行定价制度的相关政策建议.     

对含H股的A股IPO抑价的实证研究

大量研究表明,双重上市的公司由于披露更详细的信息,受到更严格的监管,可以大大减轻上市公司和投资者之间的信息不对称,进而降低IPO的抑价率。本文通过对比研究纯A股IPO的抑价和含H股的A股IPO抑价情况,证实了含H股的A股的平均抑价率比纯A股的IPO要低,且股改之后的IPO抑价要低于股改之前的IPO,并进一步通过回归分析挖掘了影响抑价率的因素及其影响程度。     

全流通背景下A股IPO抑价研究

中国A股IPO抑价率远远高于国外成熟市场平均水平,也大大高于其他新兴市场的IPO抑价水平。本文以2005年6月至2008年8月中国A股市场发行的259家新股为研究对象,实证分析了"赢者诅咒"假说和"投资者情绪假说"解释A股IPO抑价的适用性。本文研究发现,经典文献中关于IPO抑价的"赢者诅咒"假说基本上不能解释中国A股IPO抑价现象,而二级市场的乐观情绪和新股投机是决定IPO抑价的重要因素。     

基于French-Fama三因素模型的A股H股IPO定价效率的实证研究

本文以52家在A股与H股两个市场挂牌交易的上市公司为研究对象,通过衡量样本公司在两个市场的IPO抑价程度以及上市后的中长期股价表现来比较两个市场的IPO定价效率,并通过多元回归的方法找出两个市场中影响IPO定价效率的因素.研究表明,A股市场的IPO定价效率显著低于H股市场,针对此现状,本文提出了改革A股市场新股发行定价制度的相关政策建议.     

创业板市场IPO定价效率研究——来自香港市场的经验证据

本文对香港创业板市场IPO抑价现象进行了实证检验，研究表明，香港创业板IPO市场定价效率相对较低：风险投资家能够带领风险企业提前上市并得到投资者认同；IPO企业经营年限、价值不确定性及IPO发行时信息处理效率等变量对香港创业板IPO市场定价效率有显著影响：承销商、审计事务所的鉴证功能得不到体现；高效的IPO发行机制有利于创业板IPO市场效率的提高。     

What comprises IPO initial returns: Evidence from the Chinese market

We studied the IPO price and long-term performance in China after the adoption of the book-building pricing mechanism. Using comparable firm value, we separated the IPO initial returns into pre-market deliberate underpricing and aftermarket overpricing. This separation enables us to clearly test different theories regarding high IPO initial returns. We find little evidence supporting the classic information theory on IPO underpricing but strong evidence supporting the behavioral arguments regarding IPO overpricing. Even though the results are specific to the Chinese market, we find some general results on what composes and drives IPO initial returns that have been lacking in the IPO literature.     

Do media connections help? Evidence from IPO pricing in China

This study examines how social connections between media executives and firms affect initial public offering (IPO) pricing using manually collected Chinese data. We find media-connected firms receive more frequent and more positive coverage than their unconnected peers, resulting in reduced IPO underpricing. However, media-connected firms have worse post-IPO market performance. Although media-connected firms have better pre-IPO accounting performance, they conduct more earnings management under the cover provided by their connected media. Additional results show that the negative effect of media connections on IPO underpricing is more pronounced for media that are not controlled by the central government and are based in the same city as the firm. It is also more pronounced for firms with less institutional ownership and non-state-owned enterprises. Our results remain valid after various robustness tests, such as alternative proxies for IPO underpricing, eliminating alternative hypotheses, matching analysis, instrumental variable analysis, as well as placebo tests. Collectively, our findings suggest that media connections compromise IPO pricing efficiency.     

双重上市、IPO抑价与大规模融资行为——来自中国公司IPO的证据

本文以中国1993～2009年期间的1158家IPO(其中A+H公司36家)为样本,实证检验了A+H双重上市与公司IPO行为之间的关系。研究发现:A+H双重上市与单位权益发行价、IPO定价效率、融资规模效率均显著负相关,表明A+H双重上市非但没有给公司带来IPO溢价,反而导致更高的IPO抑价。进一步分析表明,A+H公司的更高IPO抑价与其大规模的股票发行数量显著正相关,正是A+H公司的大规模股票发行迫使发行人和承销商采取低价策略以保证成功IP0,并导致A+H公司具有偏好在热市期上市的择时行为。     

Adverse selection, public information, and underpricing in IPOs

This paper generalizes the informational environment of the Rock model to address empirical evidence and conjectures that cannot be addressed within the standard model based on informed and uninformed investors such as underpricing being positively related to market returns observed prior to the IPO, the number of IPOs being positively related to market returns, underpricing being partly predictable based on public information, and the return to uninformed participation being negative overall but positively related to market returns observed prior to the IPO. Finally, the model suggests that a positive relation between market returns and underpricing need not represent an inefficiency in the pricing of IPOs.     

Regulatory underpricing: Determinants of Chinese extreme IPO returns

The Chinese stock market with its unique institutions is rather different from western stock markets. The average underpricing of Chinese IPOs is 247%, the highest of any major world market. We model this extreme underpricing with a supply-demand analytical framework that captures critical institutional features of China's primary market, and then empirically test this model using a sample of 1377 IPOs listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges between 1992 and 2004. We find that Chinese IPO underpricing is principally caused by government intervention with IPO pricing regulations and the control of IPO share supplies. Besides the regulatory underpricing, this paper also documents some specific investment risks of IPOs in China's stock market.     

Chinese IPO activity,pricing, and market cycles

We examine the activity, pricing, and market cycles of 1,380 Chinese A share IPOs over the period 1991–2005 and find initial underpricing of 238%. The government restrictions on IPO offer price and quota allocation cause pricing structural breaks and attribute more than half of initial underpricing. A multifactor model that includes firm’s characteristics, excess demand for IPO shares, and the government restrictions explains cross-sectional initial returns, after controlling for industrial differences and stock market conditions. In addition, monthly IPO volume and average initial return are highly correlated. A VAR model indicates that initial return leads IPO volume by 6 months.     

The pricing and performance of IPOs in China’s poor counties

In the context of China’s drive to alleviate poverty, we focus on the initial public offering (IPO) firms located in China’s poor counties and investigate their IPO pricing and post-IPO performance. Contrary to the findings reported for the U.S., we find that the problem of information asymmetry between Chinese firms located in rural areas and their investors is so severe that these IPO firms are associated with significantly higher underpricing. This effect is more pronounced for firms located in rural areas with poor traffic systems. We do not find significant market performance differences between rural and urban firms after their IPOs, but the operating performance of rural firms improves in the short term. Our additional analyses indicate that rural IPO firms have significantly lower investor attention and higher agency costs than urban firms. Overall, we enrich the literature on IPO pricing and the economic effects of geographic location.     

IPO initial returns in China: Underpricing or overvaluation?

This paper separates the amount of IPO underpricing(primary market underpricing) and overvaluation(secondary market overvaluation) from the value of an IPO's initial return to evaluate the relative importance of these two factors and their main determinants. Using data on the IPOs of 948 Chinese firms, we find that average initial returns are 66% and that underpricing and overvaluation are between 14–22% and 44–53%, respectively, depending on the method used to assess firms' intrinsic values. In addition, while both the value of the initial return and the extent of overvaluation are significantly negatively related to post-IPO long-run stock performance, overvaluation can predict post-IPO performance better than the value of the initial return. Value uncertainty in IPOs is positively related to both underpricing and overvaluation, and both the underwriter's reputation and the existence of pricing regulation are positively related to underpricing. Investor sentiment has a positive effect on overvaluation but has no effect or a negative effect on underpricing. Overall, our results suggest that in China overvaluation accounts for a larger proportion of the initial return than underpricing,and that underpricing and overvaluation have different determinants.     

China’s Securities reforms and IPO wealth loss

We revisit initial public offering (IPO) underpricing in China before and after the 2001 China Securities Regulatory Commission reforms targeting the IPO process and strengthening corporate governance, using Habib and Ljungqvist’s (2001) wealth loss measure instead of headline underpricing. Habib and Ljungqvist argue that the extent to which owners care about underpricing depends on both headline underpricing and the percentage of IPO shares issued relative to total shares outstanding. We find that in the post-reform period, relative to the pre-reform period, the wealth loss for pre-IPO owners is lower, the incremental effect of the association between wealth loss and state-retained ownership is significantly positive, and a higher proportion of independent directors on the board moderates the wealth loss. Our findings suggest that the more market-oriented IPO process and the corporate governance reforms provide insiders of Chinese IPO firms with greater opportunities to influence IPO pricing and thereby reduce their wealth loss.