Non-Demographic versus Demographic Determinants of “Buy Domestic” Activities in Two Nations

Abstract

Multiple regression analysis of survey data from the U.S. and Portugal demonstrates that certain demographics make a moderate contribution to explaining Buy Domestic behavior. However, explanation of these reported purchase-related activities is greatly increased by adding constructs suggested by helping research, based on the premise that some purchasers buy domestic products to help domestic workers whose jobs are threatened by imported products. For both nations, the results show Buy Domestic activities increase with purchasers' older age, greater perceived empathy regarding threatened workers, and greater exposure to social norms that support helping. For the U.S. only, Buy Domestic purchase also increases with female gender and decreases with higher perceived costs of helping. For Portugal only, it increases with greater perceived ability to help the workers and stronger solidarity with the national in-group. These findings hold important implications for Buy Domestic marketers.     

Why Sweden's pension reform was able to be successfully implemented

Governments that do not reform pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems will eventually face a pension crisis. In a democracy, reforms require majority support. The problem is that pension reform requires today's generation to bear the burden to avoid burdening tomorrow's generation. Sweden recently passed pension legislation that specifies a gradual transition from a public defined-benefit plan to a defined contribution plan. Why was Sweden successful in reforming its pension system? We find that a political economy perspective helps to answer this question: there are more winners who would vote in favour of the reform than non-winners who would vote against it. When comparing the net effect (present value of expected benefits minus present value of remaining contributions) of the new and old systems, contributions of the working generation (age < 53) are reduced by more than their expected benefits.     

中国应该以经常项目逆差为目标吗——以人口结构变迁为视角

Williamson认为,作为处于发展初期的发展中国家,中国应该输入资本,即使人口因素也不能推翻该结论。本文建立修正的Blanchard-Fischer模型以反映人口结构变迁,计算结果表明,即使是处于发展初期的发展中国家,经常项目顺差也有可能是最优的外部均衡目标。利用人口预测数据模拟中国的经常项目余额目标值,支持目前中国应维持适量净储蓄,以备未来人口老化的结论。     

不同所有权上市公司股利分配意愿的比较研究

使用权益资本就必须给予股东回报,而我国却有大量上市公司不分配股利.究竟是什么原因导致我国股市股利分配与西方成熟资本市场迥异的现象?本文以终极股东控股权的所有权差异为研究切入点,比较研究了国有上市公司与民营上市公司近七年来股利分配特点及影响因素,最终得出所有权的不同、负偾水平及盈利水平的差异是决定企业股利政策的最为重要的因素,货币支付能力及累积盈利水平对企业股利分配虽有影响,但影响并不十分显著.     

中国人口年龄结构与养老保险制度的福利效应

预测表明，中国人口老龄化程度则在2005年以后不断增加；与此同时，在2030年以前城镇有效劳动力数量不断增加，随后会下降。在此背景下中国的养老保险制度应该在多大程度上发挥再分配的功能是养老保险制度改革需要确定的一个原则。采用中国的参数．评价养老保险制度的福利效应是本文的主要目的。养老保险的福利效应对不同时期出生的人有所差异，如果政府的目标函数兼顾效率和公平。可以得到一个对于社会总福利而言最优的养老保险规模。我们的模拟表明一个合适的现收现付制的养老保险制度在中国可以改进社会总福利。     

股权二元结构下的股利政策--一种新的代理成本理论

本文基于股权二元结构建立了新的代理成本理论，发现并度量了分配现金股利的“再分配效应”——导致价值在流通股与非流通股之间转移，说明分配现金股利可能是大股东对流通股股东的掠夺行为。再分配效应揭示了股权二元结构的缺陷，有助于解释股利分配的一些实证现象，为现金股利的“利益输送”假说提供了理论基础。本文提出的配股一分红策略可以实现非流通股间接上市的目的。     

American options: the EPV pricing model

Summary We explicitly solve the pricing problem for perpetual American puts and calls, and provide an efficient semi-explicit pricing procedure for options with finite time horizon. Contrary to the standard approach, which uses the price process as a primitive, we model the price process as the expected present value of a stream, which is a monotone function of a Lévy process. Certain processes exhibiting mean-reverting, stochastic volatility and/or switching features can be modeled this way. This specification allows us to consider assets that pay no dividends at all when the level of the underlying stochastic factor is too low, assets that pay dividends at a fixed rate when the underlying stochastic process remains in some range, or capped dividends.The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions.     

人口结构对农村居民消费率的影响分析——基于1995-2009年省际面板数据

研究中国人口结构对农村居民消费率的影响对刺激农民消费、扩大内需、推进经济转型,以及保障中国经济持续稳定增长具有重要意义.利用中国1995-2009年省际面板数据,运用普通固定效应回归、动态面板系统GMM估计和差分GMM估计方法进行比较,结果显示:由于农民消费的惯性和消费习惯的存在,纯收入增长率、消费价格指数变化率等对其消费率的贡献不显著,财政支农政策的影响仍然是有争议的,农村居民性别比的降低、家庭规模的缩小以及抚养比减少等人口结构的改变是现阶段中国各地区农村居民消费率持续走低的重要原因.     

Migration,population aging,and income inequality in China

In this study, we examine the effects of four demographic factors, namely, birth, death, natural aging, and net migration, on population aging and income inequality in China. We use the official Chinese data and the China Household Income Project Survey data for the 2007–2013 period and apply a decomposition model based on the Shapley method. Unlike previous studies, we include migration in our decomposition model and find that natural aging is the primary factor contributing to population aging in both urban and rural areas. Further, migration may accelerate population aging in rural areas. Moreover, migration contributes to reducing income inequality in urban areas, while widening income inequality in rural areas. The effect of migration is larger than those of birth, death, and natural aging on income inequality. The robustness checks confirm these conclusions.     

高管学术经历能提高企业分红吗？

文章选取2008-2017年沪深A股3449上市公司的23193个样本数据，实证检验了高管学术经历与企业分红水平的关系。研究发现，相比于高管无学术经历的企业，有学术经历高管企业的分红水平显著更高。高管的学术经历通过缓解融资约束，而不是缓解过度投资的路径显著提高企业分红水平。在进一步的研究中，通过引入外部治理与企业产权性质影响因素，发现外部治理较弱、非国有企业的情况下，高管的学术经历对企业分红水平的提高作用更加明显。采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）、工具变量回归等检验结果依然稳健。研究丰富了高层梯队理论与企业分红相关性的文献，发现了中国情境下影响企业分红的新因素。