Sex Differentials in Earnings in the South Korean Labor Market

We examine gender differences in earnings among South Korean workers in 1988 – the year the South Korean National Assembly enacted the Equal Employment Opportunity Act. Using the "88 Occupational Wage Bargaining Survey on the Actual Condition," we calculate women's mean earnings as a percentage of men's mean earnings by major industrial category and educational attainment. We find a larger wage gap among clerical and sales workers than production workers or professionals. Generally, the more education a woman has, the smaller the gap between her earnings and those of her male counterparts. Women with a middle-school education have a mean income 53.5 percent that of comparable men, while the female-to-male wage ratio among college graduates is 76.1 percent. We analyze wage differences separately for women and men. Following Ronald Oaxaca's (1973) work, we decompose male–female wage differentials. We also calculate a discrimination coefficient. Our work shows that, all else equal, men earn from 33.6 percent to 46.9 percent more than women with comparable skills. We attribute the difference to gender discrimination.     

Culture and the Labor Market

This paper explores the relationship between culture and labor market behavior. An attempt is made to clarify, from an economic perspective, the meaning of culture; to discuss the importance of cultural studies in the economic analysis of the labor market; and to outline the major theoretical issues that are associated with adopting a cultural perspective on economic behavior in the labor market.     

J. S. Mill on Wages and Women: A Feminist Critique

"J. S. Mill on Wages and Women" questions the common belief that Mill, despite his feminism, never suggested an end to the sexual division of labor because of his devotion to the concept of efficiency and other tenets of classical economics. A review of Mill's analysis of a competitive labor market indicates that he believed it to be fully consistent with women's equality in the workforce. In fact, in his works on women, it becomes clear that Mill was concerned that the logical extension of classical economic principles might lead to the commodification of domestic duties, including child rearing, a notion he evidently feared. Therefore, it was Mill's fear of, rather than dedication to, extreme allegiance to efficiency and unimpeded capitalism that limited his feminism.     

Race,Gender and Regional Labor Market Inequalities in Brazil

This study investigates the relationship between unequal regional development and racial and gender wage inequality in Brazil. Using sample data from the 1991 Brazilian census, I estimated monthly wages for a white, brown and black women and men working in the states of S"o Paulo and Bahia. The findings suggest that while women and Afro-Brazilians in Brazil's most developed region of S"o Paulo had the advantages of higher levels of state sponsored work benefits and more equitable occupational and wage distribution, they nevertheless experienced the greatest discrimination. In contrast, the less developed state of Bahia where racial and gender gaps in education, occupation and wages were the most severe, wage discrimination was lowest.     

改进的S模式纠错算法

对检测到错误的S模式应答信号报文纠错,传统的方法是查表法,不仅效率很低,而 且要求很大的存储空间存放错误图样,不适合工程应用。通过对S模式应答信号的干扰情况 、编译码方式及循环码特性的深入研究,提出了余数计算的改进方法;再结合使用码元置信 度,实现了能快速、准确定位误码并纠正它们的算法。改进的纠错算法不仅效率高,而且占 用系统资源少,易于硬件实现,其有效性已得到工程应用的验证。     

试析劳动者合法权益保护存在缺陷及解决方案——以《劳动合同法》的理论上的精确解读为视角

劳动者权益保护的问题既是重要法律问题,也是重要社会问题。当前,现行《劳动合同法》劳动者权益保护存在缺陷,企业裁员对劳动者权益损害严重,过渡条款适用对劳动者产生不利影响。完善《劳动合同法》对劳动者合法权益保护,应重视农民工权益的保护,提高裁员后对劳动者的经济补偿水平,加强对过渡条款适用范围限制,从劳动合同签订的主体入手,加强其法律意识,从根本上解决法律缺陷对劳动者权益带来损害。     

体面劳动问题研究的新进展与未来研究展望

全球化加剧了劳资关系的不平衡状态,强资本弱劳工的局面得以维护并日益加强,资方为追求利益最大化而忽视劳动者利益的事情屡屡发生。随着转型时期经济社会改革的深入推进,劳资关系问题也越来越引起人们的关注并成为社会的焦点问题之一,全面实现体面劳动成为各级政府的重要方针,企业、各类劳动组织以及劳动者都对实现体面劳动发出了强烈的呼声。金融危机后体面劳动研究有了新进展,未来体面劳动问题研究也大有可为。     

国际垂直专业化对劳动力就业结构的影响——基于中国工业行业数据的实证检验

国际垂直专业化对参与国的劳动力就业结构产生了重要影响。本文考察了国际垂直专业化总体、不同伙伴国、不同技术密集度的行业对中国劳动力就业结构的影响,研究结果表明,国际垂直专业化增加了高技能劳动力的相对就业,但是这种效应不显著;承接OECD国家的生产环节转移促进高技能劳动力的相对就业,承接非OECD国家的生产环节转移降低高技能劳动力的相对就业;不同技术密集度的工业部门参与国际垂直专业化对劳动力就业结构存在“部门偏倚”效应,承接高技术密集型行业的生产环节转移显著促进高技能劳动力的相对就业,承接低技术密集型行业的生产环节转移降低高技能劳动力的相对就业,但是这种效应不显著。     

我国劳动分配比例的变动趋势与影响因素——基于中国省级面板数据的分析

本文分析了我国劳动分配比例的变动趋势与影响因素,并运用1996-2006年省级面板数据估计了一个计量模型,估计结果表明,我国劳动分配比例下降的根本原因是二元经济条件下的巨大就业压力、不断提高的劳均资本和人力资本、工会在保护劳动者权益方面的缺位.该结果对不同的模型设置和样本选择具有很强的稳健性.进一步的研究还发现就业压力和劳均资本对劳动分配比例的负面影响在低发展水平组更大.     

论劳动价值论的数学与模型分析

从马克思主义政治经济学系统方法论看,劳动价值论的基本规定是哲学思维分析和数学与模型分析,因此,劳动价值的数学与模型分析必须坚持以唯物史观为基础的数理表现,它的实际运用范围则集中地体现于实现经济本质分析与经济运行分析的统一.具体而言,劳动价值论对于价值创造、价值决定的说明,实则是科学解析了商品生产的内在逻辑,而其对于价值运行的一般分析,则可能为逻辑一致的经济理论体系奠定坚实的基础.在当前,劳动价值论的数理发展应当更加广义化和应用化,以增进理论贴近现实的内涵.