企业治理之合约安排视角研究

本文基于合约安排的视角对企业治理进行了研究．主要通过激励合约设计．分析代理人剩余分享系数、努力变量、激励变量、努力成本和激励成本等变量之间的相互关系及其经济意义，从而得出了一些主要的基本结论：第一，委托人设计的激励合约具有一定的状态依存性。第二，委托人的监管效率是合约设计的重要因素，且监管本身具有概率性。第三，委托人要关注边际业绩分享系数的作用，进而必须关注“剩余标的”本身的选择。第四，一旦委托人也对产出做出自己的贡献，代理人的风险中立性就不能保证带来最优的结果。第五，委托人“先行一步”的优势是激励合约效率最大化的重要因素。     

税收、收入不平等和内生经济增长

企业家(通过金融中介)从家庭借贷来支撑创新。二者在企业家的努力不为外人所见的情形下双方签订信用合同分享创新带来的垄断利润(即蛋糕)。两个有代表性经济人(企业家和家庭)的存在允许人们在内生经济增长模型里研究收入不平等。本文研究发现,企业家分配份额的增加一开始会提升增长速度,但是过了一定值后会拉低增长速度;而该份额的增加一直拉大企业家和工人间的收入差距。所以降低企业家获得的蛋糕的份额的分配改革可缩小收入差距。提高企业家来自创新的收入的税率将降低他们的努力程度,从而降低增长速度,但是该税率的提高有助于降低收入不平等程度。存款收入的税率提高尽管不会改变企业家的努力程度,但是也会降低经济增长速度,而且不会降低收入不平等(如果工人有一定比例的存款)。对于劳动收入(工人工资)的税率增加会加剧工人和企业家间的收入不平等,但对经济增长速度没有影响。     

担保准备金公允价值计量方法研究

目前我国担保公司担保准备金按固定比例提取,有悖于其或有性。担保准备金实质上是一种或有负债,应采用公允价值计量。对未到期责任准备金的提取,短期担保合同采用未赚保费法,长期担保合同采用三因素法。担保赔偿准备金提取采用逐案估算法、平均值估算法、损失率法,并增加理赔费用准备金。     

当前内蒙古居民收入分配现状、原因及其对策

当前内蒙古居民收入在稳步增长的同时,出现了城乡、地区、行业收入差距拉大的趋势,特别是农牧民收入水平与全国平均水平相比还存在较大差距。居民收入不平衡的现状不仅直接影响着居民的生活质量,而且在客观上制约了和谐内蒙古的构建。为此,应立足于内蒙古地区优势,通过多种途径,逐步缩小居民收入分配差距,努力提高少数民族贫困居民收入,实现内蒙古地区经济社会的和谐发展。     

解读劳动合同法 提升企业人力资源管理水平

《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的颁布,对企业而言是挑战也是机遇。《劳动合同法》从保护劳动者权益的角度出发,对企业人力资源管理工作提出了严格的规定和要求;同时也促使企业人力资源管理工作转变理念。企业的发展模式,应由以低劳动成本为基本竞争手段转变为以构建和谐劳动关系、提高企业创新能力为基本竞争手段,从而成功实现《劳动合同法》在企业管理工作中的软着陆。     

The ‘Neighbourhood Effect’: A multidisciplinary assessment of the case for farmer co-ordination in agri-environmental programmes

In this paper we present a multi-disciplinary analysis of the potential impacts of undertaking similar environmental actions on multiple farms in a small geographic area, using organic farming as a proxy for a co-ordinated approach. Recent papers have called for more co-ordinated efforts between farmers in terms of their environmental actions, but there has been limited applied research demonstrating the environmental benefits or the economic and social implications to farmers of this approach. Comparative analysis of biodiversity, soil and water, and farm profitability were undertaken in England on 32 matched farms in areas of low and high organic farming concentration; qualitative interviews were also conducted with 48 farmers living in two of the eight areas. Findings demonstrate higher overall levels of biodiversity on organic farms (particularly in “hotspot” areas) but this was not universal across the species groups investigated. Higher water infiltration rates were found in organic grasslands, which could prove to be a useful measure to combat flooding. In terms of the technical efficiency of producing these environmental gains, conventional and organic farms in hotspot areas demonstrated equivalent efficiency from a financial perspective. Socio-cultural research identified the different amounts of trust farmers have in their neighbours, based in part on their performance as ‘good farmers’. We discuss the neighbourhood effect with a multi-disciplinary approach and conclude that encouraging local farmer co-ordination can have clear environmental benefits without high economic cost, but must be undertaken with caution - specifically regarding the trade-offs between benefits, local geophysical and social characteristics, and assumptions made about inter-farmer trust.     

《劳动合同法》视野下规范劳务派遣发展的对策研究

《劳动合同法》及《劳动合同法实施条例》(以下简称《条例》)针对我国目前快速但无序发展的劳务派遣存在的问题做出了相应规定,但仍存在缺陷,因此,应从完善立法、规范被派遣劳动者、劳务派遣单位、用工单位及政府的行为方面促进劳务派遣的发展。     

四川退耕农户自我发展模式及启示

四川退耕还林工程自1999年启动以来,取得了显著的生态效益和社会经济效益。文章通过对四川退耕还林典型地区的调查,总结出两类主要的退耕农户自我发展模式,并对其优点和存在的问题进行了分析,最后从寻找适合农户自我发展模式,保障农户长远发展和巩固退耕还林成果的角度,总结了许多有益的经验和启示。     

Differentiating two types of learning in contract design: Evidence from the construction industry

This research investigates the learning of inter-organizational contract design in greater depth. Two types of learning, i.e. learning from all past partnerships and learning from one specific partner, are distinguished in terms of their influence on the complexity of three different functions of the contract, namely control, coordination, and adaptation. Contract design capability and interorganizational routines are employed as mediators to explain the two types of learning respectively. Empirical tests using data from the Chinese construction industry reveal that there are significant indirect effects between partner-specific experience and contractual coordination, and between general partnership experience and all the three functions of the contract. This research contributes to the literature by providing more nuanced conclusions regarding the contract learning issue.     

契约型农产品营销渠道治理过程研究：收购商管理控制的中介作用

文章以渠道治理和管理控制理论为基础，从交易关系发展过程的视角，将管理控制作为渠道治理的过程机制，重点考察其在保障契约机制有效执行过程中的中介作用以及农户专有资产净投入对契约完备性与管理控制之间关系的调节影响。通过对来自参与订单农业的217份的农户调查数据进行分析发现：收购商的三种管理控制方式（结果控制、过程控制和能力控制）在契约完备性对农户绩效的提升过程中起到中介作用，过程控制也在契约完备性抑制农户投机行为的过程中起到中介作用。同时，研究证实了农户专有资产净投入高时，削弱了契约完备性对三种管理控制正向影响。