Implementation of social optimum in oligopoly

This paper presents a decentralized mechanism implementing socially optimal output choices by non-cooperatively acting oligopolists. A decentralized mechanism is a vector of balanced transfers among firms determined as a function of firms’ output choices. The mechanism is devised by a regulator with a full knowledge of demand and without any knowledge of the firms’ cost functions. Restricting the set of admissible demand and cost functions such that the firms always have an incentive to produce, it turns out that the socially optimal solution is implementable insofar as the demand function is a polynomial of at most (n−1)th degree, n being the number of firms in the industry. The author is indebted to a referee and an associate editor for their helpful comments.     

Korea's liberalization policy directives and Korea's weakening competitiveness

Recently, Korea's export growth rate is decreasing and its trade level staggering. Since Korea has few natural resources and is highly dependent on trade, this recent trend signals a serious problem lying ahead. In this paper, we look at internal and external factors weakening Korea's competitiveness in the world market and suggest liberalization policy guidelines to improve its competitiveness.     

Participants' response to the Delphi method: An attitudinal perspective

The processes involved in an individual's response to the Delphi method are conditioned by a number of psychological affects. This paper examines aspects of two of these processes: the basis for changing opinions, and the factors related to continued participation in subsequent Delphi rounds. The attitudinal perspective is shown to be promising in explaining an individual panelist's response in the Delphi method. Cognitive dissonance apparently has a significant role to play in bolstering the assimilation of nonconforming respondents. This is, however, complicated by the respondents' perception of the credibility of the feedback received. Careful choice of panels may reduce dropouts, presumably by selecting those with a high degree of ego involvement. Nonetheless, elements of cognitive dissonance apparently lead certain panelists to abandon the Delphi process. It is evident that numerous parallels exist between psychological explanations of attitude change and the behavior of Delphi panelists.     

Utilization of Delphi methods for University planning

A Delphi-type project undertaken from 1970–1972 to explore the long-term aims of Carleton University is described. The desiderata of ten participating groups is compared to actual developments in the decade that followed.     

The effectiveness of electric utility price regulation in the 1970s a stochastic dominance analysis

This paper examines whether electricity price regulation in the United States has been effective during the period January 1969 through December 1977. Because our analysis provides evidence suggesting that the price-setting system has been ineffective, we extended our study to examine the equability among regulated firms as well as the relationship between firms' asset size and return distributions. These latter examinations shed some light on the quality of the accounting information set, which serves as a major input to the price-setting process.     

An application of models of speculative behaviour to oil prices

We estimate three different models of speculative behaviour using oil price data. Our findings provide support for the claim by Phillips and Yu (2011) and Gilbert (2010) that a bubble in oil prices existed for a short period in 2008.     

Prices vs. Quantities with fiscal cushioning

Enforcement of international environmental quantity regulations (e.g. tradable pollution permits) is often expected to be stricter than that of price regulations (e.g. emission taxes). While both instruments provide opportunities for misrepresenting actual pollution, enforcement of international price-based instruments is additionally hampered by potential fiscal cushioning, i.e. an adjustment of domestic fiscal policies offsetting the tax incentive to reduce emission reductions. The present paper extends the formal debate on Prices vs. Quantities by including the risk of fiscal cushioning. We find the level of the marginal benefit curve and the variance of costs become key elements for instrument choice and can render quantity regulations strictly preferable. Remarkably, in the latter case, the slopes of the marginal curves do not affect optimal instrument choice. Numerical calculations, using data taken from the international climate policy context, support the potential dominance of quantity regulations found in our formal analysis.     

中国盒融产业集聚水平测度

本文利用区位基尼系数、区位熵指数、CR5指数埘中国金融产业2001-2010年的集聚水平进行了测度。结果表明,金融业具有较为明显的集聚特征,且总体集聚程度不断增强,金融资源主要集中在于东部地区,其中北京、上海的金融集聚程度最高,而中两部地区金融集聚程度较低,在今后的发展过程中应注重金融中心的辐射效应,     

基于百度指数的中国沿海地区5A级景区网络关注度研究

依托百度搜索引擎提供的“百度指数”平台,通过搜索沿海地区5A级景区的关键词,分析2011—2020年景区网络关注度的时空变化特征。结果表明：时间分布上,中国沿海地区5A级景区网络关注度总体呈现先增后减的趋势,且季节性变化特征明显,呈现多个高峰期和低谷期;空间分布上,首先满足“距离衰减”规律,即距离沿海地区5A级景区越近省份的网络关注度越高,其次,经济发展水平越高的省份对沿海地区5A级景区网络关注度越高,且地理距离、客源地经济发展水平和目的地景区知名度等是网络关注度空间差异的主要原因。     

一种基于方向标记的有限反馈量化方法

随着天线数目和反馈比特数的增加,大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）信道向量量化的复杂度大幅增加。为此,提出了一种基于方向标记的有限反馈量化方法。该方法将码本中码字进行分组,每组选取一个向量作为方向标记向量,在进行量化时,信道向量首先与各组方向标记向量进行比较,将与信道向量最接近的方向标记向量所在组选为待选码本组;在待选码本组内进行下一步量化,最终选出与其最接近的量化向量为最优码字。复杂度分析与仿真结果表明,所提方法缩小了待选码字的数量从而降低了计算复杂度,是系统性能与计算复杂度的一种折中。