我国出口板栗的比较优势及其影响因素探讨

本文在分析我国板栗贸易格局的基础上,从价格、质量指数、国际市场占有率、贸易竞争指数和显示性对称比较优势指数等五个指标对我国出口板栗的比较优势进行评价,并运用引力模型对影响我国板栗比较优势的主要因素进行了实证分析。结果表明,我国出口板栗具有较强的比较优势,但是在质量水平上不具备竞争力;出口对象国的GDP、我国人口数、汇率和出口价格是板栗出口的主要影响因素。最后,就提高板栗的质量水平提出了相应的建议。     

论比较优势的成本基础——从生产成本向“全成本”的拓展

贸易理论的历史演进表明,比较优势是一国参与国际分工和贸易的基本动因。古典、新古典和新贸易理论分别从劳动生产率、要素禀赋、生产规模等不同视角论证了基于生产成本的比较优势,进而可表达为"相对生产成本不等式"。随着制度、生态环境、"可持续性"等要素在国际贸易中日趋重要,使用制度要素所形成的交易成本、使用生态环境要素所形成的环境成本、耗费"可持续性"要素所形成的代际成本也逐步成为比较优势的成本基础。于是,可将使用或耗费广义要素的代价理解为"全成本",它构成了一国参与国际分工和贸易的比较优势的基础。     

省级社会保障公共支出分类比较研究

中国省级社会保障公共支出存在着类型化的可能。通过选取"社会保障公共支出水平"、"经济发展水平"和"政府力量"三个变量作为分类框架和指标,利用2005—2008年度截面数据测算,可以将各省份区分为东中西三大类型区域。统计分析发现,这三类区域不仅在省级社会保障公共支出相对比重之间存在着显著的差异,而且各区域也形成了不同的社会保障发展机制。     

中美科技银行比较研究

从发展演变、外部环境、运营机制等方面对中美科技银行进行了系统比较,为我国科技银行的发展提供了有益的启示。研究结果表明：①发达的高技术产业、创业投资市场和宽松的监管环境为美国科技银行的发展创造了一个有利的外部环境。我国在这些方面的滞后或不足,是制约科技银行发展的主要因素;②美国科技银行在商业模式、风险控制机制等方面已经发展得非常成熟,为美国高技术产业的发展提供了重要支撑。我国科技银行则处于不断探索的阶段,还没找到一条适合自己发展的道路。最后,从营造良好外部环境和优化内部运营机制的角度,提出了发展中国科技银行的相关建议。     

中、日、韩知识密集型服务贸易结构变动及比较优势的实证研究——基于RCA与特化系数等的分析

笔者从进出口总量、贸易结构与贸易竞争力3个角度,应用对称性RCA指数、特化系数等指标,对于21世纪以来中、日、韩知识密集型服务贸易比较优势与贸易结构变化进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:中国知识密集型服务贸易逆差较大,且呈现出扩大的趋势,对知识密集型服务贸易需求急剧增长;在知识密集型服务贸易领域,中国在整体上比较优势弱,与日本、韩国相比,还有很大差距;从分项目的知识密集型服务贸易来看,中国位于知识密集型服务贸易的低端,中国弱势行业多为2国强势行业,中国通讯贸易与韩国通讯贸易在出口上存在竞争。     

对做好“90后”大学生思想教育工作地初探

本文分析了"90后"大学生的思想特点,根据思想特点调整辅导员的思想教育工作策略。使高校的思想政治教育工作不断与时俱进,改革创新,培养出构建社会主义和谐社会的中坚力量。     

国外国有控股公司董事会制度比较研究及对我国的启示

国外控股公司董事会和国有控股公司董事会在公司治理中居于核心地位。我国应借鉴其有益的制度经验建立适合我国国有控股公司运营发展需要的董事会制度,建立科学合理的控股公司董事会内部构架,完善国有控股公司董事的提名制度,提高董事的素质,为国有控股公司董事会科学决策奠定基础。     

Twenty-five years of business systems research and lessons for international business studies

Since 1992, the national business systems (NBS) approach has been increasingly used to analyse not only firm characteristics, structures and strategies within NBS, but also the nature of international business and its interactions with both national and transnational institutions. In reviewing 25 years of NBS literature, we heed calls in IB journals urging researchers to use NBS notions and findings in IB research. Our systematic review of 96 articles analyses the patterns and contributions of NBS literature, revealing four thematic junctures: (1) comparative business systems, (2) firm internationalisation and the management/organisation inside MNCs, (3) the role of internationalisation in the development of organisational capabilities and innovation and (4) the emergence of transnational communities in and across firms and societies. Themes are described in terms of (a) the research questions (RQ) they focus on, (b) how NBS approach investigates the RQ and what are the major findings, (c) how IB frames and approaches the same RQ, (d) how does the NBS approach extend the perspectives of IB and (e) what are the problems faced by NBS in terms of developing further insights into the RQ. Our review contributes to the recent endeavour of IB research to institutionalism, encouraging a productive dialogue between IB and NBS research.     

Multi-criteria analysis of economic complexity transition in emerging economies: The case of Paraguay

Like many emerging economies, the productive structure of the Paraguayan economy is not complex. It relies extensively on low value-added activities in the primary sector such as agriculture and cattle ranching. These activities have a lower return in terms of economic and social benefits than other potential productive activities and do not contribute to increasing capability accumulation. In this paper we present a tool to support the identification of strategic sectors and products which if taken advantage of, could leverage development through the accumulation of productive capabilities. Our guiding question is: Which productive sectors should be promoted to foster economic development in Paraguay through a transition towards a more complex economy? To answer this question, we use concepts from the Economic Complexity theory to identify new products and cluster them based on the Product Space methodology for the determination of potential products and combine it with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for multicriteria analysis considering multiple criteria. In doing so, our proposed methodology contributes to both the Economic Complexity and the AHP literature. Through this combination, we tackle the multiplicity of juxtaposed criteria, which should be considered at the prioritization stage in the crafting of economic restructuring measures according to the country's capabilities. Our evaluation showed that the combination of the approaches is useful, and for Paraguay's case, it helped identify sectors, which, if promoted by policymakers, could help boost economic development through complexity and capability accumulation.     

COVID19: Holiday intentions during a pandemic

The travel, tourism and hospitality industries have been the worst affected of the world's major economic sectors during the COVID19 pandemic, which has had a devastating effect on both destinations and organisations. Drawing from a sample (N = 385) of adult permanent residents of Athens, Greece, the study examines the impact of COVID19 upon holiday intention. The chaordic systems are evaluated through the use of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, whilst the study also used Necessary Condition Analysis for the calculation of the size effects of the examined conditions. The findings reveal two sufficient complex configurations leading to holiday intention: (i) holiday risks, and (ii) impact of COVID19. Based on the results, the article also offers a set of managerial implications. The contribution of the study is to both theoretical and methodological tourism domains.