自主研发、技术引进与能源强度——基于中国地区工业的实证分析

本文采用2005-2007年中国30个地区工业面板数据，将地区工业的研发总支出划分为自主研发、国外技术引进和国内技术转移三个部分，在估算自主研发存量和技术引进存量的基础上，实证检验了自主研发、技术引进对地区工业能源消耗强度的影响。研究表明，自主研发、技术引进对地区工业能源强度的影响存在差异：自主研发对工业能源强度有显著负效应；国外技术引进对工业能源强度有显著正效应；国内技术购买对工业能源强度没有显著影响。研究还发现，国内技术购买并没有通过R＆D途径促进地区工业能源强度的下降。     

价格因素对我国地区能源强度的影响

本文从能源价格和劳动力价格两个方面进一步分析价格要素对于能源强度的作用机理,分析了我国能源价格体系存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出了相关政策建议,为更有效地控制能源强度提供一定的帮助,弥补了现有能源强度影响因素理论研究的不足。     

Energy benchmarking in support of low carbon hotels: Developments,challenges, and approaches in China

Achieving effective and objective energy benchmarking for hotels is integral in fostering the sustainable development of the lodging sector. In this work, we reveal the major and minor streams of hotel energy benchmarking and ascertain that the most popular approach in benchmarking is normalized energy use intensity (EUI) based on floor level. Previous efforts to establish EUI indicators using subsystem average, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and regression technique are also studied. We propose that hotel energy benchmarking based on floor area is useful from the top-down management perspective. However, on a practical perspective, energy benchmarking based on facilities should be the first priority for hotel management or owners. Compared with the general energy benchmarking in the building sector, we find that the hotel sector lags behind in the adoption of computer modeling for benchmarking.     

Barriers Inhibiting Export Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms

Abstract

This study uses a step-wise discriminant analysis to address two related questions. First, to identify those inhibiting factors perceived to be both important and difficult to counter when a firm is initiating an export program. Second, to address the criticism that the current export research has failed to differentiate between degree of importance and the level of difficulty that firm may encounter when entering foreign markets. Two-hundred and forty-two small and medium-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms were surveyed. The findings identified three barriers perceived to be both important and difficult to overcome. However, they did not support the criticism that we must differentiate between the degree of importance and the level of difficulty.     

案例教学知识转移机理研究

随着管理学科的不断发展，管理知识的情境性与实践性日益突显，对管理学科的教学提出了更高的要求。作为一种基于案例创设情境，鼓励学生主动实践、互动讨论的教学方法，案例教学法逐渐成为管理学科教学中不可或缺的方法。本文以高校管理学科案例教学为研究对象，通过结构方程模型的实证研究方法探究了案例教学特征通过影响学习者行为从而促进管理知识转移效果的作用机理。实证研究结果表明，案例教学的情境模拟性特征既能够直接促进管理知识的转移，同时也能通过提升学习意愿间接提升管理知识的学习效果，而师生平等性特征则通过影响学〉-7意愿影响管理知识的转移效果，为高校管理学科案例教学的有效开展提供了新的理论依据。     

桥头深厚软基处理中低强度桩的应用分析

结合某桥头段桥头深厚软基处理的工程实例,探讨了低强度桩处理桥头软基的机理和设计思路。     

The relative influence of competitive intensity and business strategy on the relationship between financial leverage and performance

This study empirically investigates the effects of competitive intensity and business strategy on the relationship between financial leverage and the performance of firms. Based on a sample of US manufacturing firms, this study confirms the hypothesis that the cost of debt is higher for product differentiation firms than cost leadership firms. Furthermore, the results indicate that competitive intensity has a negative effect on the leverage-performance relationship, suggesting that competition acts as a substitute for debt in limiting manager's opportunistic behavior. These findings reinforce the need to consider moderating factors such as strategic choice and the environment in which a firm operates when investigating the effects of leverage on performance.     

要素密集型逆转与贸易获利能力提升——以中美纺织业为例

本文运用灰色聚类法并以中美纺织业为例,研究了产业生产要素密集型的逆转与贸易获利能力的提升问题。研究表明:以2000年中国制造业作为衡量标准,美国的纺织业在2003年从劳动密集型产业逆转成为技术密集型产业,而中国的纺织产业在考察期间一直为劳动密集型产业。文章进一步分析了要素密集型逆转的动因及贸易利得效应,发现在发生要素密集型逆转后美国纺织出口企业的获利能力明显大于中国,表明通过要素密集型逆转实现产业内升级是一条可行的路径选择。     

湖北省耕地生态足迹动态分析

研究采用可变地区单产法，对湖北省1990～2004年耕地的生态足迹进行了动态的分析。结果表明，在研究时段内人均耕地生态足迹由1990年的0．3442ghm^2降至2004年0．2736ghm^2，下降了20151％。人均耕地生态承载力总体上也是呈下降趋势，从1990年的0．1485ghm^2下降到2004年0．1165ghm^2，下降了21．56％。耕地的生态赤字的总体呈小幅度波动，由1990年的0．1956ghm^2变为2004年的0．1571ghm^2.在分析时段内，耕地生态强度指数呈小幅度变化，其中1992年的生态强度指数最大为2A1，1993年最小为1．98。研究时段内，耕地生态强度指数均大于1，说明湖北省的耕地出于生态高负荷状态。