对会计准则制定模式"三分法"的思考

安然事件爆发后,美国开始重新审视会计准则的制定模式,正当理论界对"原则导向"与"规则导向"的孰优孰劣争论不休时,SEC提出了最优制定模式"目标导向".本文试图对规则导向、原则导向和目标导向的进行评析,并探悉提出目标导向的内幕.最后结合我国国情对我国会计准则制定模式的选择提出一孔之见.     

篮球意识及其培养

篮球意识是现代篮球运动发展中不可忽视重要理论与实践问题,是提高篮球运动水平的一个重要方面。它受主客观因素影响。培养篮球意识可通过日常学习、比赛进行,教师则起着主导作用。     

高校专业课双语教学的目标定位与模式选择

在高校专业课中开展双语教学,是高等教育教学改革的有益尝试.在高校专业课双语教学目标定位的基础上,应采用以目标为导向、以学生为中心、以教师为引导的高校专业课双语教学模式.     

我国社会主义新农村建设目标实施与管理研究——以韩国新村运动为例

文章从管理学理论中的目标管理角度,对韩国新村运动的启动、执行、结果反馈等一系列实施细节进行分析。认为我国新农村建设可以采用目标管理的方式,通过明确政府与农民之间的分工以及各自完成相关具体子任务,最终能够实现“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的发展目标。     

通胀目标制与汇率目标制不能共存吗

基于汇率传递的风险溢价渠道，本文将我国利率调控通胀、外汇储备对冲干预汇率纳入新凯恩斯政策模型，构建双目标双工具政策分析框架，比较泰勒规则与双目标双工具规则下通胀目标与汇率目标共存的经济机制与效应。本文模拟显示：（1）双目标双工具政策框架下通胀目标与汇率目标能够共存，此时通过影响汇率风险溢价来盯住汇率不影响通胀；而单工具政策下两目标无法共存，此时降低国内资产的收益率盯住汇率会刺激居民的消费行为引起通胀。（2）国际资本冲击下，双目标双工具政策在固定汇率的同时能保证经济稳定；而当贸易条件恶化时，选择完全浮动汇率制度最优。央行政策损失分析进一步验证了以上结论。（3）随着金融市场化改革深入，外汇储备稳定汇率的有效性将下降，冲销成本会大幅提升。资本账户开放下，双目标双工具政策仍是央行抵御外部资本冲击的首选政策；但是汇率市场化后，通胀目标制与双目标双工具政策效果基本无差异。本文结论的启示是：面对国际资本，需必要的汇率管制；但是面对贸易冲击，可适度提升汇率弹性来减少冲击对产出和通胀的影响。     

Assessment of OECD Better Life Index by incorporating public opinion

Well-being has a multidimensional nature as it depends on multifaceted factors such as material conditions and quality of life. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has developed the Better Life Index (BLI) as part of the OECD Better Life initiative to facilitate the better understanding of what drives well-being of people. The BLI is a three-level hierarchical composite indicator that covers several socio-economic aspects. In this paper, considering the entire hierarchical structure of the index, we introduce a bottom-up procedure for the aggregation of the components at each level. We formulate the assessment of BLI as a multiple objective programming (MOP) problem that facilitates the implementation of different concepts to derive different aggregation schemes. We incorporate the data from previous years into the normalization process of the indicators, to take into account the discrepancy on their observed values and smooth their deviations across the years. Also, we consider the public opinion about well-being that is captured from the worldwide responses in the web platform of OECD BLI. We incorporate the public opinion into the assessment models in the form of weight restrictions. In this way, we reduce the effect of compensation that might be imposed by the adopted modelling approach. We apply our methodology to the data of 38 countries (35 OECD and 3 non-OECD economies) for the year 2017. Our findings illustrate that the public opinion in the form of weight restrictions can effectively drive the optimization process and depict the collective preferences to the BLI scores.     

Ground Roasted Coffee Consumers’ Ability to Determine Actual Quality: The Use of Attributes and the Role of Education Level in Mexico

This study contributes to the understanding of the consumer’s ability to distinguish levels of quality of a product comparing it to an objective evaluation. Also, it was hypothesized that a higher level of education would lead to a better ability to discriminate quality. Perceived and objective quality are compared using a semi-experimental design with subjects evaluating coffee attributes. Objective values are provided by certified expert coffee cuppers, whereas perceived values are obtained from regular coffee drinkers. Results suggest that the importance placed on each attribute (aroma, flavour, body, and residual flavour) by the consumer is different from that placed on each attribute by the experts. Furthermore, the most relevant attribute for the consumer (flavour) is distinct from the one most relevant for experts (residual flavour). Additionally, the consumer is unable to distinguish quality levels as an expert can do, regardless of his education level.     

Econometric Causality

This paper presents the econometric approach to causal modelling. It is motivated by policy problems. New causal parameters are defined and identified to address specific policy problems. Economists embrace a scientific approach to causality and model the preferences and choices of agents to infer subjective (agent) evaluations as well as objective outcomes. Anticipated and realized subjective and objective outcomes are distinguished. Models for simultaneous causality are developed. The paper contrasts the Neyman–Rubin model of causality with the econometric approach.     

论“质量第一”战略必需的内外部条件

企业要实施“质量第一”战略,必须具备相应的内外部条件。文章对质量在企业经营战略中的地位,以及实施“质量第一”战略所需的内外部条件进行了较为详细的论述,并同时指出,任何企业都可能为了追求“利润第一”最终目标而放弃“质量第一”战略。     

中国在海外金融危机下的政策选择

愈演愈烈的次贷危机所导致的国际金融和经济环境剧变,在影响中国经济稳定增长的同时,也给我们提供了发展机遇。着眼于提高我国在国际经济和政治体系中的相对地位,文章由低到高提出了三个层次发展目标的设想,并分别就每一层次应采取的政策选择提出建议。