ANSI认可标准制定组织以及美国国家标准批准程序

美国作为市场化程度高、技术水平先进的国家，其标准化管理体制和运行模式遵循了标准化的自身规律。能够快速响应不断变化的市场需求、政府监管的需要，同时又能支持技术创新、促进经济、贸易发展，提升美国的竞争实力。美国国家标准是自愿性的，并且由美国国家标准学会（ANSI）认可的标准制定组织制定。本文分析了ANSI的基本情况、ANSI认可标准制定组织的管理程序、美国国家标准批准和废止的条件及程序。希冀对中国的标准化改革有所借鉴。     

上海合作组织命运共同体:一项研究议题

构建上海合作组织命运共同体是中国政府提出的关于促进上海合作组织长远发展的重大倡议。由于上海合作组织命运共同体理念的提出时日尚短,学术界关于该理念的研究尚未全面启动。要使上海合作组织命运共同体理念成为一个有效的研究议题,不仅需要明晰上海合作组织命运共同体的具体内涵,而且需要将其纳入国际共同体、国际组织和大国外交等议题的研究,提炼出一些具有普遍性的理论命题。就攸关上海合作组织命运共同体构建的重大问题而言,至少需要回答上海合作组织命运共同体提出的理论与实践意义、上海合作组织命运共同体构建应遵循的基本路径、上海合作组织命运共同体构建的基础和条件、上海合作组织命运共同体构建面临的挑战与障碍、学术界能为上海合作组织命运共同体构建提供的对策建议等重大问题。在此过程中,学术界还需将其与周边命运共同体、人类命运共同体等家族相似性的概念纳入同一研究视域,以澄清上海合作组织命运共同体的内涵与外延,辨识上海合作组织命运共同体演变的动力与机制,并从理论层面提炼上海合作组织发展经验的特殊性与普遍性。     

大体积混凝土主墩承台一次性浇筑施工工艺

大体积整体浇筑混凝土工艺,可明显缩短工期。工艺控制重点是通过混凝土配合比设计、外加剂的选择、冷却管布设、温差控制和混凝土浇筑养护等方面,消除混凝土温差应力、收缩等原因形成的裂缝,使得混凝土结构整体性好,安全可靠。     

检测机构仪器设备档案管理初探

阐述了检测机构如何根据《实验室资质认定评审准则》要求,确定仪器设备档案的归档范围、归档内容,并通过建立实验室管理系统使仪器设备档案管理实现数字化、网络化,还对仪器设备档案的归档流程等内容进行了探讨。     

组织视角下的企业员工情绪管理

员工情绪管理是现代企业管理中新的课题。文章从组织的角度出发,将员工情绪分为个体情绪、组织情绪、企业情绪三个层次,对相关概念进行了界定。研究了激励理论与员工情绪管理的关系。将相关理论应用到实践当中,论述进行员工情绪管理应当遵循匹配和疏导的原则,并从引导员工树立正确的情绪管理、采取多种激励手段与员工积极进行沟通、丰富企业文化内涵等方面提出了具体对策。     

特殊条件下客运站工程施工组织设计

施工组织设计能有效地把施工生产合理地组织起来,使工程的设计和施工、技术和经济、前方和后方有机结合起来,它有着重要的指导作用。文章以该车站工程的施工环境、特殊条件为基础,对施工组织设计进行深入研究,并结合实际工程概况制定了有效的解决措施;该工程又将"四新"技术切实有效地融入了施工组织设计中,从而保证了建设项目优质、高产、经济和安全。     

Strategies for Improving Codes of Ethics Implementation in Construction Organizations

It is necessary to reconsider the assumptions upon which the process of implementing compliance with ethical programs rests, in both theoretical and practical terms. These assumptions should hinge on organizational enablers that allow embeddedness of codes of ethics in the web of an organization's processes. This article sets out to describe an approach that will facilitate implementation of codes of ethics in construction organizations and a comprehensive literature survey approach is adopted to achieve this. The paper equally employs the application of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model as a tool to stimulate ethical behavior in an organization, with the focus on the enabler criterion of the model. The authors discuss organizational enablers in relation to the implementation of ethical codes. The study demonstrates how ethics can be managed in an organization by proposing a framework to enhance codes of ethics embeddedness in the web of an organization. The paper indicates current research gaps and future opportunities for both academics and practitioners.     

Supply chain management executives in corporate upper echelons

Supply chain strategies and their implementation have been recognized as a source of competitive advantage. According to the principle “structure follows strategy”, we expect the number of firms having supply chain management (SCM) functions represented on their top management team (TMT) to have increased in the past years. However, little is known about the degree to which executives responsible for SCM functions (i.e., Chief Supply Chain Officers) are present or absent in TMTs and if their presence is related to firm performance. Therefore, we study the TMTs of large US corporations and show that SCM is present in upper echelons, either through executives whose responsibilities explicitly include SCM or indirectly by executives, especially CEOs, who had acquired SCM experience in their previous positions. However, firms׳ operating margins are lower when a Chief Supply Chain Officer is present in the TMT.     

ACCOUNTABILITY AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST IN THE NONPROFIT SECTOR: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This paper clarifies the nature of nonprofit accountability by distinguishing between the substantive and processual understandings of the public interest. The major theories of the nonprofit sector are shown to imply that this sector's activities correspond to the public interest only in its processual understanding, but not in the substantive one. Policy and management implications of this argument are discussed.     

审计信息化与审计组织方式

审计信息化对审计组织方式产生的触动,包括对审计机构调整的需求和对审计项目组织方式改革的需求。变革的阻力既来自政府执政能力考核标准、操作过程的缺失,也来自改革与本部门利益的冲突,还受到外部对审计职业的期待和内部考核导向的制约。囿于阻力,满足审计组织方式变革需求的方法似乎应当遵循改良、渐进的思路,在需要和可能之间寻求适度妥协,以足够的耐心,等待酝酿中的突破和外部环境的演变。