What happened with the grandiose plans? Strategic plans and network realities in B2B interaction

Research concerned with business relationships and organizational levels, respectively, has addressed companies' difficulties in realizing their strategies. Studies of business relationships explain this through actions and reactions among business partners. Organizational studies note gaps between strategic and operational organizational levels in perceptions and goals. This paper combines these perspectives to obtain new insights into why company strategies may not materialize. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss how actor bonds on various organizational levels in business relationships affect strategy realization. The paper shows that actors on similar organizational levels representing different companies may actually share more understandings and activities than actors within the same company. The paper contributes to research on dyadic business relationships by highlighting differences in perspectives on various organizational levels, adds insights into research studying organizations by including a business-relationship aspect, and increases understanding of why strategic plans sometimes fail to succeed.     

THE IMPACT OF POINT‐OF‐SALE DATA INACCURACY AND INVENTORY RECORD DATA ERRORS

The presence or absence of error in point‐of‐sale (POS) data and inventory system records directly affects retailer performance. This study identifies various error sources in retail supply chains and studies the influence of inventory and POS (demand) errors in a simulated retail outlet according to fill rate and average inventory. Other things being equal, we find that inventory record error reduces fill rate more than demand error. This study adds further evidence to other studies that suggest the costs caused by errors in POS systems may be overstated.     

影响农民收入水平提高的因素刍议

当前落后的二元经济结构、乡镇企业吸纳农村剩余劳动力能力减弱、第三产业发展不充分和农民自身素质有限、城镇化水平低、农民负担重等因素，都对农民收入水平的提高产生重要影响。     

高等数学分层次教学改革与实践

阐述了高等数学课程分层次教学的必要性,探讨了根据学科专业类型,将高等数学课程分为三个不同教学内容、教学要求和学时的具有层次性的教学改革与实践,对高等数学分层次教学改革实践予以总结并提出相关建议.     

Difference-form contest success functions and effort levels in contests

We examine players' equilibrium effort levels in a contest with difference-form contest success functions in which two players compete with each other to win a prize. We show the following. At the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium of a simultaneous-move game, and in the subgame-perfect equilibrium of a sequential-move game, only one of the players expends effort or neither player expends effort. If one player's composite strength is far greater than the other player's, only the player with greater composite strength expends effort whether they move simultaneously or sequentially. If the players' valuations for the prize and their marginal probabilities of winning at (0, 0) are sufficiently small, neither player expends effort whether they move simultaneously or sequentially.     

《经济应用数学》课程分层次教学调查与思考

随着近年高校招生规模的扩大，学生数学基础差和数学水平参差不齐的状况越来越明显。通过对高职高专学生进行分层次教学问卷调查，试用分层次教学调动学生学习数学的积极性，满足不同层次学生的学习需求，从而使他们顺利达到教学目标，提高学生的数学素质及能力。     

Multiple Levels of Corporate Sustainability

According to Dr. Clare Graves, mankind has developed eight core value systems,1 as responses to prevailing circumstances. Given different contexts and value systems, a one-solution-fits-all concept of corporate sustainability is not reasonable. Therefore, this paper presents various definitions and forms of sustainability, each linked to specific (societal) circumstances and related value systems. A sustainability matrix– an essential element of the overall European Corporate Sustainability Framework – is described showing six types of organizations at different developmental stages, with different forms of corporate sustainability, each supported by specific institutional arrangements.     

以文化创意产业发展促推居民消费质量提升研究

世界金融危机后大力发展文化创意产业成为我国经济增长方式的重要发力点和我国居民消费质量提升的主要手段。依托现有有利条件,进行文化创意产业的合理布局与调整,加强与低碳产业、生态旅游的融合,我国的主要发展产业:文化创意,也是适应"两型社会"建设要求,促进产业结构调整、居民消费结构转变的重要举措。     

美国会展管理专业的教育模式及其对中国的启示

本文首先比较详细地介绍了美国会展管理专业的教育模式,具体包括美国会展管理专业的教育层次、学科体系、课程设置及其特点,重点以在会展管理教育方面卓有成效的美国乔治华盛顿大学(The George Washington University,Washington DC,USA)和美国内华达大学(University of Nevada,Las Vegas,USA)为例具体说明和解释,接下来在分析我国会展管理教育现状及存在问题的基础上,就如何调整我国会展管理教育体系以便进一步与国际接轨提出一些策略建议。     

城乡建设用地指标纵向配置逻辑与执行偏差研究

研究目的：从中央—省—市三层级政府的关系切入，分析中央到省、省到市的纵向指标配置逻辑对指标执行偏差的影响，以期为国土空间规划的指标配置与执行提供参考。研究方法：多元线性回归分析法、面板数据回归分析法。研究结果：（1）中央基于区域均衡偏好往省的指标配置对省级执行偏差的影响没有得到证据支持；（2）省往市的策略性分配能够减轻省级执行偏差，但与经济体量不相符的指标错配会加剧市级执行偏差；（3）省级政府在央地关系中起到承上启下的中间政府作用，中央的指标配置能通过省级的策略性分配来减轻偏差，但省级的指标配置则面临着更少的容错空间。研究结论：在国土空间规划的指标配置与执行过程中，应强化省级政府基于本地信息优势的策略性分配能力，加强指标配置的科学性，此外，应进一步向省分权并制度化，在推动指标高效利用的同时维护中央政策的权威性。