全球化战略决策中高管团队的国际化角色:国外市场进入模式

海外扩张的模式是决策制定者协商的结果,高管团队(TMT)在此类型的决策过程中起到了重要的作用。通过整合市场准入模式理论与高层梯队理论,并结合组织国际化相关的因素后发现,TMT跨国经验和TMT国籍多样性在组织国际化战略决策中充当着不同的,甚至是相反的角色。在分析了100多个公司近7年的数据后,得出TMT跨国经验与全面控制型市场进入模式正相关、TMT国籍多样性与合作控制式市场进入模式正相关两个重要结果。因此,跨国经验能够通过出国实践获得,但这种经验在某种程度上受到自身国籍影响。人力资源管理实践旨在通过外派出国来获得国际经验的方式,还要认识到拥有这种经历的人不能替代高管团队中所有的外国国籍的人。     

中国农产品内生技术性贸易措施：地位与效应

WTO框架下具有合理性的技术性贸易措施是中国农产品贸易领域实施管理的有效手段。文章利用频数比率对其进行量化研究,认为技术性贸易措施在我国农产品进口管理体系中已替代关税居于主要地位,但相应于地位的变化,其建设尚显滞后,限制效应较差。对此,文章从完善进口安全监管体制,加强标准认证和风险评估,建立进口环节技术性贸易措施分析系统及预警机制等几个方面提出相应建议。     

上市公司主要高管变更后的团队稳定性

本文以2001～2005年间发生主要高管(董事长和总经理)变更的上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了主要高管变更与随后高管团队任职稳定性之间的关系。研究结果显示,我国上市公司主要高管与一般高管之间存在较强的任职关联性;与主要高管变更后高管团队稳定性显著相关的变量有持股高管比例、离任高管的任期以及继任高管的年龄与来源等。本文在对这一结果进行原因分析的基础上,提出了相关政策建议。     

上市公司高管团队特征与R&D投资研究

以中国上市公司1999～2006年的研发数据为样本,从公司高管团队人口特征和团队的异质性两个维度。实证检验了样本公司高管团队特征对公司R＆D投资强度的影响。结果发现,高管团队规模、团队平均受教育水平、平均任期都与公司研发投资强度之间显著正相关,团队的平均年龄与公司研发投资强度之间显著负相关。并且发现,控股股东类型不同。高管团队特征对公司R＆D投资强度的影响也不同。     

How Does Executive Strategic Human Resource Management Link to Organizational Ambidexterity? An Empirical Examination of Manufacturing Firms in China

Despite a plethora of studies that demonstrate the positive impact of strategic human resource management on firm performance, existing knowledge of the processes through which such gains can be achieved remains limited. This study aims to extend our knowledge by investigating the mechanism through which a teamwork‐oriented executive strategic human resource management system impacts organizational ambidexterity. Specifically, by integrating the resource‐based view and information‐processing theory, we examine the mediating role of top management team effectiveness and the moderating role of knowledge–sharing intensity from middle managers to top management teams. Drawing on a multiple‐source and multiple‐respondent survey from 144 manufacturing firms in China, we show that top management team effectiveness partially mediates the effect of the executive strategic human resource management system on organizational ambidexterity. Moreover, knowledge‐sharing intensity from middle managers to top management teams strengthens the effect of the executive strategic human resource management system on organizational ambidexterity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

国际化竞争环境中TMT的异质性对公司绩效的影响

本文通过回顾有关TMT异质性与公司绩效关系的研究，具体检验在国际化竞争环境中，我国上市公司TMT的教育、职业来源和任期对绩效的影响，发现TMT的教育、职业来源和任期的异质性与绩效的正相关关系视国际化水平而定，显示教育与职业来源异质性的影响在国际化中保持了正相关，并在一定范围内随着国际化水平的提高而日益强劲。本文最后指出，基于中国企业特定的成长基础与市场经济的制度环境，针对全球化竞争趋势，应适当提高TMT的异质性。     

基于高管认知的衰退企业战略创新模型

当企业遭遇了持续性绩效衰退所带来的生存危机时,是否会采用战略创新行动来复苏绩效,拯救命运?研究认为,这取决于作为企业战略决策者的高层管理者(TMT)如何认识与理解企业的衰退情境、现有战略以及创新可能带来的结果。由此,并进一步提出,TMT对企业衰退原因的归因模式体现了其构思战略创新方案的意愿,而TMT自身知识结构的复杂性和聚焦性则体现了其构思战略创新方案的能力。但是,TMT的归因模式与知识结构受到了TMT异质性、薪酬、规模、变革以及CEO任期等与其自身经历特征相关因素的影响。总之,归结为TMT的认知调节了企业衰退与战略创新之间的关系。     

Leading corporate sustainability: The role of top management team composition for triple bottom line performance

Sustainable development at the corporate level requires balancing social, environmental, and financial performance goals. Achieving such “triple bottom line” (TBL) performance is a very challenging task. In this study, we explore the role the organization's top management team (TMT) plays in leading their organization towards corporate sustainability. We focus on how two distinct aspects of the TMT's structural composition—the presence of a “chief sustainability officer” (CSO) and the TMT's functional diversity—affect the organization's ability to reach high levels of TBL performance. We follow the presence of 22 global energy companies in Corporate Knight's “Global 100” sustainability index for a period of 11 years and find that, surprisingly, the presence of a CSO does not boost TBL performance. However, we do find a positive effect for TMT functional diversity, suggesting that more diverse TMTs are better able to lead their organization to higher levels of TBL performance.     

Utilizing the firm's resources: How TMT heterogeneity and resulting faultlines affect TMT tasks

While theory and evidence show that firms' competitive actions mediate the resource‐performance relationship, details of top managements' roles in shaping resource utilization choices have been underemphasized. We address this oversight by integrating top management team heterogeneity and any resulting faultline strength with the resource‐action‐performance model to investigate how TMT composition differentially affects the model's two linkages. Specifically, we argue that TMT heterogeneity positively affects the resource‐action linkage, yet negatively affects the action‐performance linkage. Moreover, when heterogeneity begets strong faultlines, all such positive effect is lost. Supportive evidence from the in‐vitro medical diagnostic substance manufacturing industry allows us to discuss how our findings contribute to upper echelons theory, as well as the emerging stream on resource utilization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Top management conservatism and corporate risk strategies: Evidence from managers' personal political orientation and corporate tax avoidance

We investigate whether managers' personal political orientation helps explain tax avoidance at the firms they manage. Results reveal the intriguing finding that, on average, firms with top executives who lean toward the Republican Party actually engage in less tax avoidance than firms whose executives lean toward the Democratic Party. We also examine changes in tax avoidance around CEO turnovers and find corroborating evidence. Additionally, we find that political orientation is helpful in explaining top management team composition and CEO succession. Our paper extends theory and research by (1) illustrating how tax avoidance can serve as another measure of corporate risk taking and (2) using political orientation as a proxy for managerial conservatism, which is an ex ante measure of a manager's propensity toward risk. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.