生产率增长测算的半参数估计方法:理论综述和相关探讨

半参数模型是参数和非参数回归模型的一种概括统一，其中的参数分量部分用于对确定性影响因素进行分析，而非参数分量部分则用于对随机干扰因素的刻画。Olley和Pakes最早给出了关于生产率增长测算的半参数估计方法的研究，Ackerberg和Caves对这一研究进行了修正和补充。但由于理论发展方面还不够成熟，限制了方法的实证应用。半参数方法对经济现实的描述更接近真实，随着半参数估计理论的日渐成熟，半参数估计方法在生产率增长测算领域必将发挥越来越大的作用。     

Cost efficiency modeling in health care foodservice operations

Cost efficiency and cost data in the health care foodservice sector have many interesting features. Traditional productivity approaches and empirical studies are yet to address many of these features, as they are limited to partial ratios and restricted parametric techniques. In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate the Stochastic Frontier Approach to this sector, and analyze the level of cost efficiency and its determinants. The approach is tested in a cross-sectional data set from a sample of 101 health care foodservice operations in Australia and the USA. Results indicate that the average level of cost efficiency is around 76.5% which suggests that health care foodservice operations could reduce their input costs by as much as 23.5% without decreasing their total output. Further, the coefficients of the inefficiency component, estimated simultaneously with the stochastic frontier model, indicate that both the level of manager's experience and the level of manager's education are significant determinants of cost efficiency.     

中国工业企业自主创新的影响因素和产出绩效研究

在当前经济转型的大背景下,中国工业企业要想在国际竞争中求得生存和发展,自主创新是关键。本文主要围绕我国企业自主创新绩效进行分析。关于企业自主创新的讨论在现有文献中并不少见,但仍存在诸多不足之处。本文提出了较为全面的研究思路来克服这些不足:在使用广义Cobb-Douglas生产函数作为企业创新绩效研究的基本方程的同时,将R&D的累积投入代理企业知识资本;着重讨论R&D内生性问题,结合我国工业企业的特点,对R&D行为决策进行建模分析找出合适的工具变量,从而避免了参数估计值的不一致性。本文实证部分使用了中国2005—2007年度近3万家产值在500万元以上的工业企业数据。研究表明:企业通过产品与技术革新等创新活动,提高了企业的产出水平,其投入产出弹性达到5.5%,修正了常规方法偏低的估计值。     

论党的建设科学化

党的十七届四中全会提出了"党的建设科学化"这一理念。为什么要提出这一命题?如果理解"党的建设科学化"?"党的建设科学化"的要求是什么?怎样提高"党的建设科学化"水平?对这些问题的回答,有利于我们全面深入理解"党的建设科学化"这一命题,并将其作为新时期党建工作的重要内容加以推进。     

Bank Competition and its Determinants: Evidence from Indian Banking

Abstract

This paper measures the degree of bank competition in India using a sample of 70 commercial banks over the period 1996–2016. To assess the degree of competition, we estimate the market power of each bank in our sample employing three nonstructural measures: the Lerner index, the adjusted Lerner index, and the Boone indicator. Bank-wise and year-wise estimates of the marginal cost required in all these measures are obtained using the semi-parametric method. The paper further attempts to undertake a comprehensive assessment of competition in Indian banking and identifies various bank-specific, macroeconomic, structural, and contestability indicators, which are supposed to explain level and variation of the degree of competition over time. Empirical findings reveal that public-sector banks in India exercise a relatively higher degree of bank competition compared to private and foreign-sector banks. However, aggregate results support that the Indian banking system is competitive in general. Unlike the structure-conduct-performance paradigm, which advocates that a concentrated banking system impairs competitiveness, our findings reveal that concentration measures hardly exert any effect on bank competition. Rather, contestability measures play a significant role in the determination of bank competition.     

仿制药专利挑战机制解释学分析与进路选择

仿制药专利挑战机制是我国药品专利链接制度的核心环节。在现有规范体系下进行制度构建，存在同现行《专利法》抵触的问题，通过立法或释法活动化解这种冲突具有必要性。在解释学范式下对仿制药品专利挑战侵权拟制、侵权解释两种立法进路进行推演和反思，并辅之以制度体系、国际比较、法律政策、经济分析等视角，可得出拟制进路更为可行的结论。在拟制进路下进行制度构建，应遵循法律拟制技术规范，并妥善处理制度配套问题。     

浅析欧盟特种设备监管

文章就欧盟对特种设备的监管方法进行了研究,包括欧盟特种设备指令的适用范围、内容以及市场监督方式,并就欧盟新方法指令的特点进行了分析,提出了有关我国特种设备监管的建议对策。     

Estimating the capital charge for external fraud risk： A clinical study

The main objective of this paper is to estimate the economic capital for covering the external fraud risk within a financial institution. This is a kind of operational risk which is due to acts of a type intended to defraud, misappropriate property or circumvent the law, by a third party. From the methodological point of view, we apply the Loss Distribution Approach （LDA）, based on the Internal Operational Loss Database （IOLD） provided by a Spanish Saving Bank. More specifically, we asses the potential impact of the severity distribution on the Capital at Risk （CAR）. In absence of normality, we try to adjust the Lognormal, Weibull and Exponential functions when modelling the severity of losses. As a result, we find a high divergence in terms of capital charge depending on the statistical model selected. In consequence, in order to obtain a realistic model, we highlight the relevance of the goodness of fit between the empirical and the theoretical distribution.     

发展结果导向的公共项目绩效管理理念

在公共项目的绩效管理中引入“发展结果导向管理”理论和方法,改变了以往以投入产出理论为基础,注重项目的经济评价的的传统方法。发展结果导向的公共项目绩效管理要求关注项目的长期发展目标,在项目各个阶段致力于与结果相关的对话。运用结果链——投入、活动、产出、产效和影响,以及这些关键要素之间的因果关系进行绩效管理,同时运用绩效管理逻辑框架对项目的绩效进行监测评估。