地位竞争动机对个体知识共享行为的影响

知识共享行为是学术界和企业界关注的焦点，虽然以往文献从多个角度和层次研究了组织中的知识共享行为，但忽视了地位竞争动机对个体知识共享决策的内在作用机制。基于地位竞争动机差异，将个体地位动机区分为支配型和威望型，以职场排斥为中介变量、组织公平氛围为调节变量，构建地位竞争动机对知识共享行为的影响过程模型，基于13个组织630套上下级配对样本数据进行实证检验。结果显示，支配型地位竞争动机负向影响知识共享行为，威望型地位竞争动机正向影响知识共享行为，职场排斥、组织公平氛围分别发挥中介效应和调节效应。结果为知识共享领域研究提供了新的视角和框架，揭示了地位竞争动机对知识共享促进和抑制作用的两面性，对企业管理实践有一定的现实意义。     

Agglomeration economies and university program creation in the knowledge economy

Existing academic literature on the relationship between agglomeration economies and university activities is both under-theorized and relatively sparse in terms of empirical examination. This paper addresses each of these voids by contributing and analyzing a market model of pro-revenue education program creation such as graduate-level executive business education (e.g. EMBA) that reveals some intriguing characteristics. For instance, it shows that demand for these pro-revenue programs is inelastic and therefore uniquely determines their availability. More specifically, we show that through agglomeration economies these types of education programs are more likely to emanate from universities located in metropolitan areas and from less academically prestigious universities. Regression analysis of a cross-section of national public universities lends support to important facets of our formal model by suggesting that agglomeration economies continue to increase the probability of offering EMBA programs through a city size of approximately 2.12 million and that the probability that a given business school will offer an EMBA is negatively related to the academic prestige of the institution to which it is affiliated.     

Vulnerability to climate change: Are innovative countries in a better position?

The impact of climate change on organizations and economies remains one of the most significant yet underestimated threats. Although the consequences of climate change have started to gain attention among policy makers, international business research on this issue is lagging behind. Drawing from the knowledge and innovation literatures, we explore the impact of a country’s degree of innovation on its vulnerability to climate change. Using a longitudinal sample of 73 countries for the years of 1998–2013, we examine the impact of innovation, openness to trade, and regulatory quality on a country’s vulnerability to climate change. We find that R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP (innovation input), openness to trade, and regulatory quality decrease a country’s vulnerability to climate change. We also find that openness to trade moderates the effect of patenting rates (innovation output) on a country’s vulnerability to climate change.     

The questions we ask: Opportunities and challenges for using big data analytics to strategically manage human capital resources

Big data analytics have transformed research in many fields, including the business areas of marketing, accounting and finance, and supply chain management. Yet, the discussion surrounding big data analytics in human resource management has primarily focused on job candidate screenings. In this article, we consider how significant strategic human capital questions can be addressed with big data analytics, enabling HR to enhance overall firm performance. We also examine how new data sources that help assess workforce performance in real time can assist in the identification and development of the knowledge stars that contribute to firm performance disproportionately as well as help reinforce firm capabilities. But in order for big data analytics to be successful in the HR field, regulatory and ethical challenges must also be addressed; these include privacy concerns and, in Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We conclude by discussing how big data analytics can facilitate strategic change within HR and the organization as a whole.     

知识视角下跨界创业团队交互记忆系统作用机理研究

在当前激烈的市场竞争下，很多企业选择跨界创业，而现有相关研究相对较少。从知识视角入手，通过分析跨界创业团队交互记忆系统在促进团队内知识共享、整合方面的作用，分析其对团队知识转化的作用机理，并构建基于知识视角的跨界创业团队交互记忆系统作用模型。通过对跨界创业团队交互记忆系统的作用机理进行探究，了解跨界创业在促进企业发展方面的作用，以期丰富跨界创业相关理论，并对现实中企业跨界创业行为起到一定的促进和帮助。     

异质性研发、知识溢出与企业创新产出——基于创新链视角的实证分析

畅通创新链的首要前提，是科学认识嵌入创新链的不同类型企业所承载的创新功能差异及企业间技术经济联系。利用2012—2018年我国上市公司授权专利的前向索引数据进行统计分析发现，不同所有制企业存在异质性研发行为，国有企业研发活动更多承担了基础研究创新功能，而民营企业研发活动更多承担了应用研究创新功能。运用面板Tobit模型实证分析异质性研发知识溢出对企业创新产出的影响，结果表明，国有企业知识溢出对企业发明专利与非发明专利申请均表现为促进作用，民营企业知识溢出对企业发明专利申请表现为促进作用，而对非发明专利申请表现为抑制作用，且作用大小在不同所有制以及不同生命周期的企业间存在差异。由此，基于创新链构建新型国家创新体系过程中，应引导国有企业优先布局高度依赖基础研究的科学领域，解决市场失灵问题并充分发挥其创新促进效应；鼓励民营企业在共性技术研究领域展开协作，规避同业竞争所形成的创新抑制效应；因企制宜、分类施策，实现创新资源高效配置和综合集成。     

多重知识网络嵌入性对团队创新绩效的“双刃剑”效应——失败学习的中介作用

基于网络嵌入理论和经验学习理论，遵循“资源―行为―绩效”框架，从团队视角探讨多重知识网络嵌入性对创新绩效的影响机制。采用PROCESS宏程序和MEDCURVE宏程序分析技术，对多时点收集的277套创新型团队领导―成员配对数据进行分析，研究发现多重知识网络嵌入性转化为团队创新绩效的4条路径：①内部和外部知识网络嵌入性均对团队创新绩效存在倒U型影响；②利用式失败学习在内部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的正向关系中具有显著中介作用，在外部知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用；③探索式失败学习在两个维度的知识网络嵌入性与团队创新绩效的倒U型关系中具有显著中介作用；④两个维度的知识网络嵌入性顺次通过利用式失败学习、探索式失败学习对团队创新绩效发挥间接作用，利用式失败学习和探索式失败学习在其中起链式中介作用。     

知识重叠、知识库特性与创新绩效

以往研究着重探讨重叠/非重叠知识在技术并购中的创新效应，然而在测度知识重叠时仅关注到数量属性而忽略了质量评估。因此，构建一个新的理论框架，利用国家知识产权局2008-2018年专利授权数据，分析217家中国机械制造企业352次国内技术并购案例，探索知识库中重叠、非重叠知识数量和质量属性对并购后创新绩效的影响。结果表明，高质量重叠知识对并购后的企业创新绩效具有正向影响，而高质量非重叠知识则有负向影响。同时，探讨知识数量对并购后创新绩效的影响。研究结果强调了知识重叠对企业获取外部知识的重要性，对企业技术并购实践具有借鉴作用。     

供应商创新性提升机理：制造商—供应商社会资本作用研究

提升供应商创新性能有效促进制造商产品创新。基于社会资本理论和知识基础观，从制造商视角出发，构建制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性的作用机理模型。通过对216家中国装备制造企业进行问卷调查，利用结构方程模型，验证制造商—供应商社会资本、制造商使能的供应商知识整合与供应商创新性之间关系的理论逻辑。研究发现：①制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性均具有正向作用；②制造商使能的供应商知识整合两个维度均正向影响供应商创新性；③制造商使能的供应商知识整合在制造商—供应商社会资本各维度与供应商创新性间扮演不同中介作用。结论揭示了制造商—供应商社会资本提升供应商创新性的过程机制，对制造商开发供应商创新潜能具有一定启示。     

高新技术企业研发团队沟通行为对自主创新绩效的影响——以知识吸收能力为中介变量

在知识经济时代，知识是企业发展和创新的源泉与重要资源。研发团队沟通行为是影响高新技术企业自主创新绩效的重要因素，探究其对自主创新绩效的影响机制具有重要意义。以社会认同、知识共享等理论为基础，以知识吸收能力为中介变量，分析高新技术企业研发团队沟通行为与自主创新绩效的关系，运用逐步回归分析法对288份有效样本进行实证分析。研究发现：研发团队合作性沟通对团队产品创新绩效和工艺创新绩效有正向影响；研发团队竞争性沟通和回避性沟通对团队产品创新绩效和工艺创新绩效有负向影响；知识吸收能力在研发团队合作性沟通、竞争性沟通与自主创新绩效的影响中起显著中介作用，但是在研发团队回避性沟通对自主创新绩效影响的中介作用不显著。结论为提升高新技术企业研发团队自主创新绩效提供了新的方法与路径，对企业提高知识共享与创新能力，开展创新活动具有重要启示。