论政治体制改革的内在悖论——以中外历史上的改革为例

中国历史上的6次改革、外国历史上的9次改革表明，政治体制改革在中外历史上不断上演，但可以说没有任何成功的案例---虽然政治改革成功的国家是有的，最基本的原因在于它存在无法克服的政治悖论，包括谁来改、改什么、怎么改三个方面的悖论。     

栀子花期低温冷害风险区划研究——以湖北蕲春为例

[目的]确定栀子花期低温冷害指标,研究栀子花期低温冷害风险区划方法,以蕲春县为例开展栀子花期低温冷害风险区划,为蕲春栀子种植提供参考。[方法]利用湖北省蕲春县1990~2010年栀子产量资料及同期气象观测资料,通过统计分析冷害持续日数、冷害期间日平均气温20℃累积危害积温、极端最低气温、降温幅度等指标与栀子产量的关系,建立了栀子花期低温冷害损失模型。以20℃累积危害积温为指标,以损失率5%、10%、30%为阈值,确定了栀子花期轻度、中度、重度、严重冷害分级标准,然后利用蕲春县1:25万数字高程模型及蕲春县逐日平均气温、最低气温观测资料,推算网格点1959~2010年5月1~20日逐日最低气温、平均气温,构建冷害风险指数,计算各网格点的冷害风险指数,进行了蕲春县栀子冷害气候风险区划。[结果]蕲春县西部低山区栀子花期冷害风险较小,适宜栀子种植;400m以上的山区冻害风险大,种植栀子只开花不结果。[结论]栀子花期低温冷害风险区划结果在蕲春栀子种植基地规划中有一定参考意义。     

An utility-based decision support sustainability model in slow steaming maritime operations

This paper analyses slow steaming sustainability initiatives and generalizes the traditional discrete cost-based decision support model into novel continuous utility-based models. Two models based on logarithmic and linear utility functions are developed for risk-averse and risk-neutral decision makers respectively. The models, considering fuel consumption, carbon emission, and on time delivery, are applied to a Trans-pacific trade service route. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on parameters of sailing distance, expected transit time, quantity, and emission policies. The model contributes to ship liners on the optimal speed decisions in continuous utility-based slow steaming operations.     

Evolution of the international air transportation country network from 2002 to 2013

In this research, we analyze the evolution of the international air transportation country network from 2002 to 2013 with two perspectives: The network’s physical topology and the functional network with traffic information. Our analysis shows that the network is scale-free and has the small-world property. The evolution of triadic properties suggests that the network gears towards symmetric, transitive closure. We find that United States, Great Britain, and France are critical from both perspectives; Surprisingly, South Africa is particularly critical from topological point of view. Furthermore, topological and functional criticality are highly correlated to the GDP of a country.     

Decentralizing Pareto-efficient network flow/speed patterns with hybrid schemes of speed limit and road pricing

This paper examines the potential of hybrid schemes of speed limit and road pricing for decentralizing Pareto-efficient flow/speed patterns that minimize total travel time and total emissions simultaneously. Both link flows and speeds are treated as independent variables in our bi-objective formulation. The resulting Pareto frontier is thus weakly dominant to that in previous literature. For any such favorable Pareto-efficient flow and speed pattern, we establish the existence of hybrid schemes of speed limits and non-negative/revenue-neutral tolls, whose set of user equilibrium (UE) solutions contains the Pareto-efficient one, and provide sufficient conditions under which the Pareto-efficient solution can be certainly obtained.     

Incomplete privatization of public rental housing in Hong Kong

The delineation of the land occupied by Public Rental Housing (PRH) is a contentious issue in worldwide debates over PRH privatization. Heated arguments hold that governments should retain the occupied land for mitigating inequalities that privatization might provoke. Dual-role policies arise concerning both efficiency and equality. This research seeks to decode actual consequences of such policies based on their implementation in Hong Kong, with a specific focus on the Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS). Intended to enliven PRH within needy families, the TPS policy instead resulted in dormant resale of privatized PRH with adverse effects on target groups. Hypotheses on how the TPS policy has affected housing resale are developed based on property rights and searching theories and tested against empirical data. This research offers a theoretical basis for exploring solutions to the unanticipated aftermath of Hong Kong’s PRH privatization and provides information for other governments on implications of privatization strategies.     

基于重大科技基础设施建设迈向一流大学的路径分析——复杂产品系统动态能力演化视角

科技强国和创新型国家建设越来越依赖于重大科技基础设施的支撑能力。当前我国高校承担重大科技基础设施任务大多处于在建阶段，符合高校特点的能力建设模式尚在探索中。通过对2007-2020年脉冲强磁场重大科技基础设施发展的纵向案例研究，建立复杂产品系统（CoPS）的动态能力演化分析框架，从技术能力和组织能力分析高校承担重大科技基础设施动态能力搜索—获取—转型的演化过程。研究发现，高校通过建立新型“举校”体制，发展自组织网络调动校内外组织和技术互补性资源，能够有效构建高校的复杂组织和技术能力，统筹提升科研成效、学生质量和教师质量，实现面向服务国家战略目标的转型，从而获得一流大学的持续竞争优势。     

资源配置视角下战略性新兴产业基地建设决策过程研究

采用案例分析法，以国家传感网创新示范区建设的决策过程为研究对象，从资源配置视角重新审视了战略性新兴产业基地建设的决策过程。结果表明，在战略性新兴产业基地建设决策过程中，地方政府充分发挥了主观能动性，与中央政府、科研机构及企业积极互动，获得了建设产业基地的资源。同时，中央政府完成了与产业基地甄选及部署相关的资源配置。     

我国新能源汽车产业破坏性创新的政策支持研究

提高新能源汽车产业创新水平、将新能源汽车产业置于国民经济战略性新兴产业的地位予以支持已成为世界大国博弈的重要命题.文章将破坏性创新理论用于指导我国的新能源汽车产业政策,在公共科技政策分析的基本政策工具框架下,采用内容分析法分析了2009年至今我国新能源汽车产业创新的政策支持体系;对特斯拉汽车成功进行破坏性创新的案例及对我国的启示作了实证研究,进而提出我国新能源汽车产业破坏性创新的政策建议.