新型城镇化、产业结构升级与水污染关系研究

基于2008—2017年长江经济带9省2市的面板数据,运用脱钩-PVAR两阶段模型对新型城镇化、产业结构升级与水污染关系的演变趋势和影响机制进行分析。研究发现:水污染与新型城镇化、产业结构升级的关系皆呈现扩张负脱钩—强脱钩的演变趋势,说明长江经济带城镇化与工业化经历了先污染后治理的阶段,但最终实现了经济发展与水污染状况改善的双重目标。脉冲响应与方差分解的结果表明,现阶段新型城镇化的水污染治理效应并不明显,水污染与产业结构升级之间存在着明显的负向关系,且前者对后者的解释作用较强。分别对长江经济带的上、中、下游进行方差分解,发现各变量间的相互影响程度存在明显的区域差异,制定水污染防治政策时不可一概而论。     

Acreage Response to Whole Farm Income Stabilisation Programmes

This article investigates whether Canadian whole farm programmes, which fall under the WTO category of Green Box subsidies, are truly production neutral. Theory suggests that with non‐constant risk aversion, risky decisions can be influenced by both the level of expected wealth (i.e. the wealth effect) and the variability of wealth (i.e. the insurance effect). Unlike previous approaches, this article is able to extend a framework developed by Chavas and Holt to formally incorporate the insurance effect into the acreage allocation decisions. By applying the theoretical model to acreage data in the Canadian Prairies, the results reveal that the whole farm income stabilisation programmes had large impacts on acreage choices through wealth and insurance effects. From a WTO perspective, the results underline the inherent difficulty in designing programmes that will reduce the risk faced by farmers without altering behaviour.     

基于前后台分离的乡村旅游集团化结构研究

将前后台分离原理引入乡村旅游区的规划与经营,提出了一种新的旅游区空间构成模式和运营方式。即在集团经营的基础上对乡村旅游区进行前后台分离并将部分后台业务剥离出来构建统一的旅游后台业务共享中心,实现后台业务的集约化甚至产业化,以有效解决乡村旅游目前存在的资源浪费、环境污染和服务质量不稳定等问题。并从环境、服务质量和经营成本三个主要因素出发,通过建立定量模型论证了前后台分离模式在乡村旅游发展中的可行性和成本优势。     

中国碳排放与经济增长间脱钩关系的实证分析

利用Tapio脱钩模型和Kaya恒等式,使用LMDI方法,建立扩展的Tapio脱钩模型。选取1990—2010年中国碳排放量和经济增长的数据,对中国碳排放与经济增长的脱钩关系进行定量分析。研究结果表明:1990—2010年期间中国碳排放与经济增长总体上具有弱脱钩关系,经济增长是碳排放增加的主要原因,能源强度降低是实现碳排放与经济增长脱钩的关键。最后提出"降低能源强度、优化产业结构、调整能源结构"的对策以实现碳排放与经济增长的脱钩。     

Effects of policy instruments on farm investments and production decisions in the Spanish COP sector

Our article assesses the impacts regarding on-farm investment and production decisions resulting from the Partially Decoupled (PD) payment scheme implemented during the 1990s and first half of the 2000s within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The Spanish Cereal, Oilseed and Protein (COP) sector is taken as a case study regarding this effect due to its economic and political relevance in Spain. The empirical analysis is applied to farm-level data from 2000 to 2004 using the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). We use a reduced-form application of the dual model of investment under uncertainty and estimate a system of censored and uncensored equations. PD payments are found to increase short-run production and generate a statically significant increase in the investment in farm assets. Results also show the importance of assessing the effects of PD payments in a dynamic framework as applied in this article.     

生态文明建设视角下的天津生态效率评价——基于脱钩理论的分析

生态文明是人类文明的高级阶段,实现生态文明需要实现经济增长与自然消耗和生活质量的脱钩,而生态效率则是衡量生态文明的重要测度手段。基于生态文明视角和脱钩理论对天津市的生态效率及脱钩状况进行的分析表明,天津市生态效率逐步提高,但还很不均衡、很不稳定;虽然总体上处于脱钩状态,且逐渐由相对脱钩转换为绝对脱钩,但多数指标尚不稳定,尤其是CO2、能源、生活污水和工业废气仍处于相对脱钩阶段,应作为今后提高生态效率的重点来抓。     

制造业碳排放和经济增长脱钩关系研究——基于速度和数量双重视角

基于速度脱钩和数量脱钩的双重视角,利用Tapio脱钩模型和环境库兹涅茨曲线模型,研究中国1987—2017年制造业碳排放和制造业经济发展的脱钩关系。结果表明:我国制造业2016—2017年、2008—2017年均为弱脱钩状态,制造业经济和碳排放呈倒“N”型关系,2017年制造业经济处于环境库兹涅茨曲线两拐点之间,未发生数量脱钩。借助“环境高山”理论可知,我国制造业处于经济增长和环境保护的“两难境地”,因此,政府需要做好经济和环境政策的长期攻坚准备。     

经济增长、能源消耗与二氧化碳脱钩关系研究

随着全球资源与环境危机进一步加深,“经济-能源-环境”问题成为国内外学者研究的焦点.为此利用Tapio模型分析我国2000-2010年间经济增长与二氧化碳排放之间的脱钩关系,并构造因果链将脱钩指标分解为节能脱钩指标和减排脱钩指标.研究表明:无论是就全国范围还是各区域而言,总脱钩指标和节能脱钩指标的变化均具有明显的一致性,且后者是前者变化的主要原因.在2000-2010年间的大部分年份内,总脱钩指标位于0和1之间,处于弱脱钩状态;就横向比较而言,总脱钩指标和节能脱钩指标的数值分布呈现出明显的区域性特征,但减排脱钩指标的分布无明显的区域性特征,且在时间维度上也无显著的变化.     

Modelling CAP Decoupling in the EU: A Comparison of Selected Simulation Models and Results

This article reviews ways of representing the effects of decoupling in the European Union (EU) on land allocation and production in eight selected simulation models (AGLINK, AG‐MEMOD, CAPRI, CAPSIM, ESIM, FAPRI, GOAL and GTAP). It then compares the simulated effects of decoupling and traces them back to the model specifications and parameter assumptions. In particular, roughage is not included in most models, so that changes in ruminant production are not necessarily consistent with the changes in fodder area. Models also differ in the extent to which they reflect the substitution possibilities in ruminant feeds. Notwithstanding the considerable differences in model types and specifications, all the studies considered here predict that as a result of decoupling, areas allocated to cereals (and silage maize) and beef and sheep production in the EU‐15 will decline, while fodder area will increase. Differences in the projections about pasture, oilseed and set‐aside areas can be attributed to different model or scenario specifications. The most important factor affecting the results is the extent to which the models assume that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2003 Reform (regarding Single Farm Payments) involves a substantial decoupling of support compared with the baseline (Agenda 2000) policy.     

基于AHP解决客户订单分离点的定位问题

首先介绍了延迟化策略的基本内容，并对客户订单分离点的内涵及影响其定位的因素进行了比较详细地阐述。接着又介绍如何运用层次分析法解决客户订单分离点的定位问题。