产业碳排放与经济增长脱钩弹性分析——以金属矿采选业为例

产业低碳化是发展低碳经济的重要组成部分。本文以金属矿采选业为例来研究产业低碳化的实现路径。首先在Tapio脱钩指标基础上构建LYQ分析框架,然后对2001—2010年我国金属矿采选业碳排放与经济增长的脱钩弹性进行因果链分解和指标测评。实证结果显示多数年份经济增长与碳排放呈弱脱钩状态,其中能源利用效率的提高起了主要作用,而价值创造弹性成为阻碍脱钩的主要因素,因此这两大行业未来应主要在大力发展低耗能高附加值的产品上做努力。     

Farm bankruptcy risk as a link between direct payments and agricultural investment

The European Union is increasingly relying on direct paymentsto support farm incomes. Recent research has shown that a directpayment may increase production and investment by risk-aversefarmers via a link between wealth, risk aversion and decisionmaking. This paper shows that, even in the absence of risk aversion,a direct payment may stimulate farm investment. With lendersusing a standard insolvency rule for determining bankruptcy,the direct payment raises the expected value of marginal investmentbecause it reduces the risk of bankruptcy over the farmer'soperating time horizon. The investment response to the directpayment is larger for a farmer with an intermediate versus lowor high level of equity, and for a farmer with a long versusshort-time horizon.     

Joint production under uncertainty and multifunctionality of agriculture: policy considerations and applied analysis

The impact of various policy instruments on the production ofenvironmental goods that are complementary to or competing withagricultural commodities is analysed in the light of the uncertaintyin output prices and farmers' risk aversion. Some theoreticalassessments are first summarised and then tested on a case studyconcerning beef and grassland biodiversity production in Montsdu Cantal, France. The results of simulations carried out bymathematical programming farm-level models show that joint commodityand non-commodity production is nearly independent of the degreeof farmers' risk aversion, and that commodity-linked policyinstruments are not suitable for the production of environmentalgoods even under uncertainty.     

中国资源利用与经济增长间关系的解耦分析——基于国内资源开采使用量

用解耦指数法对基于国内资源开采使用量的中国资源利用与经济增长之间的关系进行了解耦分析。结果显示:1980—2007年中国资源利用与经济增长之间总体上处于相对解耦状态;生物质资源的解耦指数最大,且与经济增长的解耦关系稳定;矿物资源的解耦指数最小,且与经济增长的解耦关系不稳定;"十五"期间,重化工的加速发展使得化石资源和矿物资源与经济增长都处于耦合状态。由此认为:应重视加强矿物资源的管理;对于中国而言,达到较高的相对解耦状态是目前更具现实意义的目标。     

leagile供应链断耦点判定问题研究

在提前期、成本及产品多样性等因素基础上，建立了供应链系统利润模型；在利润最优的前提下，发展了一系列判定规则；并利用判定规则逐一时供应链系统中的各库存备选点能否作为断耦点进行分析，基于分析得出的数据结果，得到了供应链系统的断耦点备选点；最后分析了不同供应链运作环境下的决策偏重，并指出应结合数据分析结果及决策者的经验，综合权衡各相关因素后确定最终断耦点。     

基于客户化供应链的延迟制造模式研究——以戴尔为例

文章主要在介绍延迟运作理论的基础上,研究了延迟制造在客户化定制过程中对库存和反应时间的影响,并结合戴尔实施延迟制造的案例分析,介绍了其成功运用的供应链运作策略。     

基于实物期权法的CODP的定位选择研究

首次采用实物期权法,构建了大规模定制企业在生产流程中客户订单分离点(CODP)的定位决策模型。假设企业的产品可以永续生产,切换后的产品总价值V和总成本C均服从几何布朗运动,在CODP点的最优决策中只需考虑持有期权价值W的最大化,通过求解微分方程,得到了最优的CODP。用图示分析的方法研究了市场风险价格、不确定性变化以及相关系数对最优点的影响。分析表明:当相关系数和V的市场风险价格增大时,就应尽早切换;当不确定性和C的市场风险价格增大时,则应推迟切换。     

广西北部湾经济区工业三废排放与工业经济增长脱钩分析

基于脱钩理论,选取工业废水、工业废气、工业固体废物排放量和工业增加值四个指标,应用Tapio脱钩指数模型,开展广西北部湾经济区2007—2016年工业三废排放与工业经济增长脱钩关系实证分析。结果表明：广西北部湾经济区工业三废排放与工业经济增长基本处于未完全脱钩的不稳定状态,没有明显的演变规律。时间上,2013年各市工业三废排放与工业经济增长的脱钩状态达到最佳,空间上,南宁市的工业三废排放与工业经济增长脱钩程度最佳。     

河南省工业发展与工业污染排放的时空耦合

运用GeoDa时空分析、脱钩指数分析河南省各地市工业产值与污染物排放的时空格局及耦合关系,并运用Kaya方程与LMDI因素分解法探讨河南省工业污染排放的影响因素及贡献度。研究表明：①豫西、豫北地区各类工业污染排放较为严重,各地市应针对性地进行污染物的治理与减排;②产业结构优化与排放强度降低可以减少工业污染物的排放,而产值规模扩大和污染物来源行业比重增加则正向拉动工业污染物排放。     

Impacts of Decoupled Agricultural Support on Farm Structure,Biodiversity and Landscape Mosaic: Some EU Results

The decoupling of direct payments from production represents a substantial reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Farmers are no longer required to produce commodities to be entitled to support but only to keep land in Good Environmental and Agricultural Condition. If output declines as a result, there is concern that landscape services produced jointly with commodities will also decline. The aim of this paper is to assess the long‐term effects of the 2003 reform on farm structure, landscape mosaic and biodiversity for a sample of EU regions. Impacts are quantified using a spatial agent‐based modelling approach by simulating agricultural development with links to indicators of landscape value. Our results demonstrate that eliminating the link between support payments and production has possible negative consequences for the landscape, but only under particular circumstances. It is shown that these effects could be offset by strengthening (Pillar II) agri‐environmental schemes. Further the single payment scheme results in higher land rental prices which reduces its ability to achieve its goal of providing income security for farmers. Implications of these results for the direction of continued CAP reform are discussed.