Do the English Legal Origin Countries have More Dispersed Share Ownership and More Developed Financial Systems?

The essence of the legal origin hypothesis is that a country with an English legal origin provides better investor and creditor protection and experiences greater financial development; financial institutions and stock markets flourish, the general public participate more in financing investment projects of companies and so shareholding is less concentrated. The present paper examines this hypothesis on the basis of a cross‐country study of 85 countries. We find no evidence of more dispersed share ownership in the English law countries than in other countries with different legal origins irrespective of whether we adjust for the existence of transitional economies and less developed countries in the sample. Using three indicators of development of banking and other credit institutions and four indicators of stock market developments, we also find no evidence of more developed financial systems in the English law countries. As expected, there is some evidence of lower financial development in the less developed countries and transitional countries. It is not the English law heritage but the security of persons and goods that appears to explain the cross‐country variations in financial development.     

集体所有制经济的性质形式及其改革

本文分析了我国集体所有制产生和形式的多样性及其与集体所有制性质界定的矛盾；以及改革以来所暴露出来的传统的集体所有制不适应市场经济发展的制度缺陷；最后指出，建立社会主义市场经济，必须重新认识集体所有制，并提出了相应的改革路。     

军民协同创新中知识产权归属问题研究

军民协同创新活动中,知识产权归属问题是影响协同创新成效的重要因素。据此,提出计划主导、计划市场共同作用和市场主导3种军民协同创新模式,分析了军民协同创新知识产权归属的主要问题。计划主导、计划市场共同作用、市场主导3种模式下的知识产权归属应分别坚持“平衡利益、鼓励创新”、“注重效率、侧重长远”、“经济效率优先”原则,相应地采取“法律规范、兼顾合约”、“章程式契约”、“尊重市场、契约优先”的思路进行制度设计。同时,还要从军民融合深度发展战略、知识产权保护环境、配套政策举措、法律制度等方面提供外部环境保障和激励。     

权力平等分配是否有利于家族代理效率提升——家族控制、内部股权集中度与代理效率研究

家族企业的两类代理问题是家族企业区别于其他类型企业的特色之一。文章以深市上市家族企业为研究对象,对家族控制权与代理效率之间的关系,以及股权在家族成员之间的配置中的调节作用进行了实证研究。结果表明,控制性家族对企业控制权的增强有助于提高代理效率。内部股权集中度对家族控制权与代理效率之间的关系起到了显著正向调节作用,这表明家族控制权在内部权力分配集中的阶段对代理效率的贡献更强;另一方面也说明家族内部权力分配的不平等性并不一定会损害家族企业的治理效率,对于家族控制权更高的企业,适度的权力集中分配会对家族企业的发展提供有效的支持。     

The relationship between ownership and possession: observations from the context of digital virtual goods

This theoretical article highlights limitations in the current trend towards dichotomising full ownership and access-based consumption by recognising a broader, more complex array of ‘fragmented’ ownership configurations in the context of digital virtual goods (DVGs). In challenging this dichotomy, we recognise that the relationship between ownership and possession becomes particularly significant. We therefore consider how prominent DVG ownership configurations may shape the way in which possession is assembled, potentially reducing consumers’ scope of action relative to DVGs and leaving possession susceptible to disruption. Conversely, we acknowledge ways in which consumers’ continued attempts at possession may impinge upon the agency of ownership mechanisms within the market. Our analysis ultimately builds upon existing understandings of both ownership and possession, theorising their often overlooked relation in consumption.     

Manufacturing productivity in China and India: The role of institutional changes

In this paper we undertake a comparative study of productivity in the manufacturing sector for China and India using data from survey of manufacturing industries for the two countries. We find that productivity of manufacturing industries in China relative to that in India improved substantially over the 1998–2003 period. Specifically, the average total factor productivity (TFP) growth for the manufacturing sector over this period was about 11% higher in China than in India. We document two substantial changes in government policies in China that were not witnessed in India. First, the late 1990s saw an enormous wave of ownership restructuring due to the formal endorsement of private property rights by the Chinese central government. Second, in 1997 a large scale labour retrenchment program was launched to address the long standing problem of labour redundancy in the public sector. Using data from the Chinese survey of manufacturing industries, we quantify the impact of these large scale institutional changes on TFP of Chinese manufacturing industries. We find that these policy changes can explain about 30% of the growth in TFP of manufacturing industries. Hence we conclude that these institutional changes in China can account for a significant part of the gains in productivity of manufacturing industries in China relative to that in India over the 1998–2003 period.     

所有权结构、代理成本与公司价值－来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文从理论上分析了股权结构与公司价值间的关系,并通过实证研究考察上市公司所有权结构及由此而产生的代理成本与其市场价值之间的关系。检验结果与理论分析相一致：（1）上市公司存在控股股东,会使公司市场价值折价。（2）上市公司存在股权制衡,能够有效的减少公司代理成本,提升公司价值。（3）不同性质的控股股东所产生的代理成本不同,国家股东的非人格化使得公司的代理成本高于非国有股东。本文得出结论：我国的上市公司普遍存在控股股东,由此产生的代理成本减低了企业的价值,国有股东的代理问题尤为严重,股权制衡的模式能够在一定程度上缓解代理问题。     

国有控股商业银行股权结构与公司治理关系分析

本文主要以2008年五大国有控股商业银行年报为样本,以股权集中度为标准,结合股权性质和股权制衡度分析了股权高度集中下的国有控股商业银行公司治理问题,并提出了相应的治理机制。     

管理者过度自信与企业过度负债

本文从权衡理论和非理性管理者出发,以企业过度负债而非企业实际负债率的角度,重新衡量企业资本结构与管理者过度自信之间的关系.研究发现:管理者过度自信会导致企业过度负债,加重企业债务负担.进一步研究发现,在融资约束较低和资本市场环境较好的情况下,过度自信的管理者会加重企业负债的程度;同时在多个大股东的股权结构下,大股东容易与过度自信的管理者形成共谋,恶化企业过度负债程度,而外资大股东则能起到监督和制衡的作用,约束管理者的激进行为.本文一定程度上丰富了资本结构和管理者过度自信的研究,对于推进"去杠杆"和实现经济软着陆有较强的政策意义.     

企业创新资源配置结构对创新绩效的影响：基于不同产权性质视角

产权性质与企业创新投入及创新绩效的关系一直是学术界争论的焦点之一。尽管整合制度逻辑和效率逻辑有助于调和现有矛盾,但是采用投入—产出模型忽略了影响创新绩效的微观要素与配置结构间的差异。以要素配置为切入点,将企业创新资源配置划分为人员结构、人员层次结构与经费结构3部分,从产权性质视角打开企业创新投入的“黑箱”。结果发现：①与民营企业相比,国企倾向于配置更多创新资源;②在国企的3种资源配置结构中,仅经费结构配置合理,能够显著提升创新绩效,人员结构配置对创新绩效的提升作用不显著;③相比之下,民企人员结构配置较为合理,对创新绩效的提升发挥着重要作用;④国企、民企人员层次结构配置均不合理且无显著差异。研究表明：民企善于发挥人的优势,而国企更能发挥物的优势。研究结论可为解释产权性质与创新绩效差异提供新视角。