中国农林生物质发电产业现行电价补贴效果研究

从生物质能源电价补贴政策视角出发,构建了政府、企业、中间人和农户为一体的农林生物质发电产业系统动力学模型,通过模拟、对比不同补贴政策组合下的实施效果,对现行补贴政策进行量化评价。结果表明:现行补贴额度无法扭转发电企业亏损状态,且现行的直接退出机制将导致企业出现更为严重的亏损,而适当调整补贴额度并实行逐减退出方式可提高各主体及产业整体利润。因此,为了促进中国农林生物质发电产业的快速发展,就要保障生物质补贴资金优先及时发放,同时推进可再生能源配额制度和绿证交易制度建设,以促进产业快速良序发展,实现生物质资源充分利用。     

太阳能-生物质能-谷电蓄热联合供暖系统研究

为了提高多种新能源组合供暖的热效率,考察太阳能-生物质能-谷电蓄热联合供暖系统的供暖效果,利用TRNSYS软件中的TRNbuild模块对实验室进行供暖期内逐时热负荷仿真计算,以动态负荷为基础搭建太阳能与生物质锅炉联合供暖系统的TRNSYS 模型,并对仿真结果进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：7种运行模式及控制策略联合互补,实现了各单元在供暖过程中不同时段的协调控制,保证了联合供暖系统的稳定运行;联合供暖系统供水温度从40 ℃升高至60 ℃,其供热效率降低了11.08%,太阳能保证率降低了23.35%;集热器面积从20 m²增大到40 m²时,太阳能保证率增加25.99%,供热效率降低了2.11%;集热水箱容积从1.5 m³增大到4 m³时,太阳能保证率增加8.67%,供热效率增加了4.31%;系统平均供热效率实验值与模拟值误差为4.29%,平均供热指标实验值与模拟值误差为6.15%;联合供暖系统测试日平均温度为19.76 ℃,能够达到寒冷地区冬季供暖室内温度18~24 ℃的采暖要求。联合供暖系统具有良好的热舒适性,研究结果可为北方地区多源互补供热系统工程优化设计提供依据。     

基于ISM的沙区生物质发电产业影响因素分析

沙区生物质发电主要是指利用沙生灌木的平茬抚育剩余物进行发电。其产业发展受到发展规划、资源禀赋、法规政策、沙区生态治理、生物质能技术等诸多因素的制约。利用解释结构模型(ISM)分析了该产业影响因素的结构及层级关系。结果表明,资源禀赋和经济激励政策是影响沙区生物质发电产业的直接因素,发电成本、生物质能技术、投融资等是中间层因素,认知观念、发展规划、沙地生态的治理需求是影响沙区生物质发电的深层次原因。在此基础上对中国沙区生物质发电产业给出了相关的政策建议。     

Insights into a black box! Comparison of organizational modes and their monetary implications for the producers of short rotation coppice (SRC) in Brandenburg/Germany

A substantial change in energy policy in Germany towards the substitution of fossil, nonrenewable energy resources is part of a current political and social process. This change has been accelerated by the government’s decision in summer 2011 to phase out nuclear energy, a direct result of the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan. As part of this development, new business activities and modes of organization for the provisioning of energy from alternative sources have emerged; one such activity is short rotation coppice (SRC) cultivation on agricultural land. In this paper, we compare the two prevailing organizational modes for SRC: independent production and contract farming. We use a mixed-methods approach to examine these modes from the producers’ point of view in Brandenburg/Germany. First, we give reasons for the producer’s choice between these two modes of organization based on the interviewee’s qualitative assessment of how these modes cope with perceived SRC-related challenges e.g. uncertainties. As economic uncertainty plays a major role in both refusal to adopt SRC and the choice of the mode of organization for SRC production, we secondly model the unknown economic outcome of the independent mode. We thereby give insights into the “black box”. This consists on the one hand of lacking economic figures for an economic comparison of both modes, and on the other hand of the producer’s decision-making process between both modes. For the latter, we use the theoretical approach of transaction costs to display ostensible non-monetary decision factors. Using a known monetary reference for the contract farming mode, we are able firstly to support a comparison of economic factors and secondly to identify and interpret the critical variables whose manifestations and/or changes are decisive for the economic outcome. The modelling results show that neither of the two modes performs better per se. This finding suggests that the weight ascribed to the transaction costs of SRC in each individual producer’s decision-making process is decisive for the producer’s choice of mode.     

基于SWOT-PEST模型的广西农业生物质能产业发展研究

本文运用SWOT-PEST相融合的分析法,对广西农业生物质能产业发展的内部优劣势与外部环境的机会和挑战四方面进行了详细的分析,总结出广西农业生物质能产业面临的形势和所处的地位,提出了相应的发展策略。     

An Economic Analysis and Simulation of Woodfuel Management in the Sahel

This paper presents an economic framework and a computationalmethodology for assessing the evolution of woodfuel supply costsand the spatial distribution of biomass in a Sahelian woodlandsetting. Spatial data on standing stock and the costs oftransport to market are used to construct a supply curve for fuelto a fuel-consuming location. Given an exogenously specifieddemand, the model simulates, period by period, the extraction,regeneration, and transport of wood fuels. The model is appliedto evaluate the benefits and ecological impacts of scenarios forwoodland management around the city of N'Djamena, Chad.     

纤维素原料微生物与生物量全利用

1970年代初,石油危机曾推动刚刚兴起的生物技术大力研究纤维素资源综合利用技术,各发达国家纷纷建立起了专门研究机构。我国在“六五”、“七五”期间曾抛起高潮,由于技术经济久政不破,近期无效益的现实使这一刚刚燃起的火焰萎缩下来,随着绿色浪潮的兴起,纤维素原料的生物转化又受到人们的普遍关注。本文概述了纤维素原料的特点,纤维素原料微生物和纤维素原料生物量全利用研究进展等。     

生命周期能值分析法与生物质能源研究

该文以现有研究文献为基础,对生物质能源的能值分析、生命周期评价和生命周期能值分析研究现状进行了综述,所涉及的生物质能源产品包括生物质厌氧发酵产品（沼气）、生物质气化燃气、生物质发电、生物质致密成型燃料、燃料乙醇、生物柴油等。能值分析方法在生物质能源系统的应用主要体现在对其能源效率、环境效率和可持续性等方面的评价;生命周期评价在生物质能源系统的实证研究主要包括对系统生命周期内的能量投入、产出以及环境排放和经济性等方面的分析和评价。结果表明,在国内外生物质能源研究方面,单一的能值分析和生命周期评价都取得较丰硕的研究成果,所涉及的生物质能源类别也较为全面。但生命周期评价与能值分析相结合的研究还较为薄弱。最后提出了进一步完善生物质能源能值分析及其生命周期评价的建议。