地市级地区间基本建设公共支出的相互影响

本文考察中国地市级地区间基本建设公共支出相互影响的机制和特征,主要包括溢出效应和竞争效应。由于地市级基本建设支出的正外部性,溢出效应使得相邻地区基本建设支出间负相关;由于中国特有的地方官员激励结构,地区间经济增长的竞争会导致基本建设公共支出正相关。本文使用中国地市级地区2002—2005年数据检验这两个影响渠道。经验分析发现了溢出效应和竞争效应存在的证据。     

网络产业组织理论的历史、发展和局限

自上个世纪80年代以来,网络产业的研究一直沿用着新古典经济学的理性经济人假定,普遍采用博弈论的方法,并依照产品的特征分别侧重对直接网络外部性与间接网络外部性的讨论。经典模型的研究发现,网络外部性的存在会影响消费者对网络的选择,以及企业的技术选择和兼容决策,进而影响社会福利,有可能出现并非最优的均衡。早期的拓展模型传承着经典模型的最基本的假定与函数形式,进一步考虑各种竞争状况。近十年,从双边市场的角度研究具有网络外部性的产业成为网络产业组织理论分析的热点。本文梳理了传统的网络产业组织理论及在此基础上的各种拓展与最近的进展,不仅对研究的内容进行了归纳,更重要的是对研究的思路与模型拓展的方式进行了总结。     

Performance differentials within geographic clusters

Increasing evidence indicates that firms benefit from a location in a geographic cluster of similar firms. The literature is nearly silent, however, on whether agglomeration economies accrue symmetrically across clustered firms. Drawing from the knowledge-based view, we investigate which firms benefit most from agglomeration and discuss how the implications for entrepreneurs are significant if some firms benefit more from geographic agglomeration than others. We investigate three particular firm attributes that may accentuate or mitigate benefits tied to participation in a cluster. We test our hypotheses on a sample of biotechnology firms and find strong evidence that firms benefit asymmetrically. Younger firms and firms with higher knowledge stocks benefit more from agglomeration.     

Spillovers and international competition for investments

Two jurisdictions compete to attract shares of the investment budget of a large multinational enterprise, whose investments confer positive spillovers on national firms. The firm has private information about its efficiency and about spillovers. It is shown that the firm may be harmed by tax competition. Relative to a cooperative tax agreement, tax competition may induce excessive investments in the country where the positive spillover effects are lowest. Also, with sufficiently asymmetric spillovers, investments under competition will be excessively spread out, not properly concentrated to the country where spillovers would be largest.     

软件商业模式与操作系统的市场结构——Windows与Linux两种模式的比较研究

本文通过将网络外部性和产品纵向差异化引入传统的豪泰林模型，比较了Linux和Windows两种软件商业模式，进而研究了操作系统市场结构的决定因素和形成机理：在操作系统市场，软件厂商采取不同的商业模式竞争，不同的商业模式内生了软件厂商不同的竞争优势，从而在不同的操作系统市场呈现出双寡头竞争和单寡头垄断两种主要的市场结构。     

相关性多样化、内外资联系与城市创新能力

文章主要探讨城市的多样化环境如何影响城市创新。基于2003-2009年中国地级市企业统计数据,本文区分了城市相关性多样化和无关性多样化以及内外资联系带来的相关性多样化并探讨其如何影响城市创新能力发展。结果表明,城市创新受益于具有相关性或互补性的多样化部门带来的知识溢出,城市相关性多样化而不是无关性多样化促进了城市创新能力发展。本文同时计算了外部联系如何通过城市相关性多样化影响城市创新能力的发展。结果发现城市单纯的引进外资或对外贸易无助于城市创新能力的发展,只有在外来部门与本地部门即有相关性又不完全一致时才有利于城市创新,验证了内外资联系的相关性多样化联系推动了区域间和部门间的学习和知识溢出。     

科技创新财税政策的合理边界研究

科技创新活动存在着知识溢出,具有极强的正外部性,导致市场失灵,这就需要政府在科技创新领域有所作为。根据庇古(Pigou)关于外部性思想的阐述,财税政策是解决外部性问题的重要手段,科技创新领域也不例外,科技创新财税政策的合理边界应由科技创新活动外部性的大小来界定。     

Trade in trash: A political economy approach

We study how the opportunity to trade in trash might influence the equilibrium outcome when the tax on the externality is determined by a political economy process. In our model, individuals have heterogeneous preferences for environmental quality, and there is a wastage of real resources when funds are transferred from the pressure groups to the politicians. When hard-core environmentalists and capitalists are organized interest groups while moderate environmentalists are not organized, we find that the politically chosen tax on the externality is below the optimal Pigouvian level. The opportunity to export waste in unlimited quantities, but at a price, is not the environmentalists’ panacea and does not eliminate political social tension and suboptimal results.     

Competitive equilibria in Shapley–Scarf markets with couples

We investigate the existence and properties of competitive equilibrium in Shapley–Scarf markets involving an exogenous partition of individuals into couples. The presence of couples generates preference interdependencies which cause existence problems. For both cases of transferable and non-transferable income among partners, we establish properties for preferences that are sufficient for the existence of an equilibrium. Moreover, we show that these properties define a maximal preference domain.     

不同类型创新生态系统如何推动核心技术开发与企业销售增长——以中国电子信息技术产业为例

高科技产业技术创新复杂度急剧提升，营造创新生态系统已成为企业保持长期竞争优势的一种重要战略选择。基于知识管理、技术依存结构与网络外部性等视角，利用中国电子信息技术产业上市公司2007-2017年面板数据，探讨相关技术多元化与非相关技术多元化创新生态系统推动核心技术开发、企业销售增长的深层次机理。结果发现：营造相关技术多元化创新生态系统有助于企业打造核心竞争优势，促进核心技术开发，并借此实现企业销售增长;营造非相关技术多元化创新生态系统不仅能够直接促进核心技术开发与企业销售增长，更有助于丰富互补配套产品技术体系，激发间接网络效应，与相关技术多元化创新生态系统形成耦合效应，从而共同促进企业销售增长。