我国法定存款准备金政策工具有效性分析

文章从三个层次对我国法定存款准备金政策工具的有效性做出实证分析:在促进最终目标实现的层面上,运用定性方法展开讨论,认为法定存款准备金率调整对稳定物价、抵御经济波动的作用有限;在影响中介目标的层面上,结合相关分析和定性分析方法,发现法定存款准备金率与信贷量呈正相关关系,法定存款准备金率的调整有助于稳定货币供应量的增长速度;在中介目标到最终目标的传导层面上,运用格兰杰因果分析,认为货币供应量对总产出和物价的影响不足。此外,文章探讨了紧缩性货币政策时期准备金政策工具低效的几个原因:超额准备金、外汇占款、通胀预期、银行外流动性。     

世界性碳减排合作的出路

＂碳排放＂已成为人类生存环境的最大威胁。而＂碳排放＂具有的外部性特征,又使得＂碳减排＂变成一种博弈。造成这种局面的原因,首先是由于各国经济发展的差距,以及由此产生的环境效用不同;其次是因为各国都想在＂碳排放＂博弈中得到更多的利益。因此,要实现在世界各国间达成一致的＂碳减排＂行动目标,必须缩小世界各国发展的差距和形成更有权威的全球性治理结构;发达国家应在开放市场、转移技术、增加援助等方面表现得更为积极。     

The effects of social TV on television advertising effectiveness

Social TV is the use of communication devices to connect with family and friends watching other TV screens. Plausible arguments suggest both positive and negative effects of social TV viewing on ad-effectiveness. This study contributes by providing evidence for the direction of social TV's effects. The results of a controlled laboratory experiment suggest that the benefits of social TV, principally its association with live TV and therefore less ad-avoidance, come at the cost of negative distraction effects. Like normal coviewing, social TV viewing distracts from ad-processing, reducing unaided recall and brand attitude favorability, compared to individual (solus) viewing. However, social TV messaging about ads improved brand attitude. Perceived creativity increased the likelihood of ad-related messaging. Social TV also has an additional source of distraction, multitasking, but in this study, multitasking did not further reduce ad-effectiveness compared to coviewing. The paper concludes with implications for advertisers and future research.     

中国民营上市公司债务融资破产威胁功效的实证研究

以2002～2007年陷入财务危机的民营上市公司（ST公司）为研究样本．通过相关分析实证检验了中国债务融资的破产威胁功效.研究发现，中国民营上市公司债务融资总体上对财务状况恶劣的公司起到了债务治理作用，发挥了破产威胁功效。短期债务能够对陷入财务危机的民营上市公司起到改善业绩的作用，较好地发挥破产威胁功效，而长期债务未能发挥破产威胁作用。银行贷款能够促进陷入财务困境的民营上市公司改善业绩，发挥破产威胁功效，而商业信用却没能发挥破产威胁功效。     

A short-term cost-effectiveness study comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic and open retropubic radical prostatectomy

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate cost effectiveness and cost utility comparing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) versus retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP).

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study a total of 231 men between the age of 50 and 69 years and with clinically localised prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at the Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2007, were included.

The RALP and RRP patients were matched 1:2 on the basis of age and the D’Amico Risk Classification of Prostate Cancer; 77 RALP and 154 RRP.

An economic evaluation was made to estimate direct costs of the first postoperative year and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per successful surgical treatment and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). A successful RP was defined as: no residual cancer (PSA <0.2?ng/ml, preserved urinary continence and erectile function. A one-way sensitivity analysis was made to investigate the impact of changing one variable at a time.

Results:

The ICER per extra successful treatment was €64,343 using RALP. For indirect costs, the ICER per extra successful treatment was €13,514 using RALP. The difference in effectiveness between RALP and RRP procedures was 7% in favour of RALP. In the present study no QALY was gained 1 year after RALP, however this result is uncertain due to a high degree of missing data. The sensitivity analysis did not change the results noticeably.

Limitations:

The study was limited by the design resulting in a low percentage of information on the effect of medication for erectile dysfunction and only short-term quality of life was measured at 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion:

RALP was more effective and more costly. A way to improve the cost effectiveness may be to perform RALP at fewer high volume urology centres and utilise the full potential of each robot.     

神经传导通路教学中运用案例教学的探析

神经传导通路是人体解剖学中神经系统最好的总结、串联部分,传统的教学法无法适应时代对学生的培养要求,借用这个机会,合理地使用案例式教学,可以大大提高教学质量。同时举一反三,也是一个年轻教师尝试案例教学法教学,提高自身素质的一个很好的切入点。     

石油企业质量监督有效性探讨

近年来,石油企业不断规范质量监督管理,强化产品质量监督抽查工作,采购物资和自产产品质量得到了较为有效的控制。根据石油企业的行业特点,针对产品质量特性要求,就如何提高石油企业质量监督的有效性,以及制度建设、抽查计划、抽查重点、验证采购、不合格处理等环节进行了分析和探讨。     

The cost effectiveness of zonisamide as adjunctive therapy in adult partial seizure epilepsy

Summary

Many patients with epilepsy continue to have partial seizures requiring add-on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Zonisamide, a broad-spectrum AED, has recently entered the European market and must be compared with the current standard of care. The objective of this study was to determine the cost effectiveness of zonisamide as treatment for adults with uncontrolled partial epilepsy in Scotland. A Markov decision model was developed from the perspective of the Scottish National Health Service. Outcome measures included quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs in GBP.

Patients treated with zonisamide had a 15-year incremental cost of £20 and 0.026 additional QALYs compared with patients treated with levetiracetam. These modest differences result in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for zonisamide of £761/QALY.

We conclude that zonisamide is a cost-effective treatment for adult patients with refractory partial epilepsy being treated according to Scottish treatment patterns and costs, assuming a willingness to pay of £20,000/QALY.     

挖掘地方历史文化资源，增进高职思政课教学有效性——以广州为例

地方历史文化资源对高职思想政治理论课建设具有重要价值。广州拥有丰富的近现代史资源、爱国名人文化、平实厚重、敢为人先的岭南传统文化等。对此加以开发，使之融入课堂、建设实践教学基地，开展有针对性的主题活动，是增进高职思政课教学有效性的有益途径。