环境税经济效应分析的再扩展

本文从环境税的理论基础入手,回顾了环境税经济效应分析的几个有代表性的基本观点,认真分析了环境税经济效应传统分析中存在的局限性,并在继承本文作者原有成果的基础上,将"技术革新效应"引入到环境税经济效应分析当中,对环境税经济效应分析作了再扩展,进一步夯实了环境税的理论基石。     

关于物业税征收目的和效应之辨析

本文讨论了物业税的征收目的和物业税所产生的效应之差别，以及在实践中区分这些概念的意义。     

WHEN DO VERTICAL RESTRAINTS HARM COMPETITION? THE ECONOMICS‐BASED APPROACH AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE BATSA CASE

An “effects‐based” or “economics‐based” approach to competition policy requires a theory of harm that causally links a business practice and its allegedly anti‐competitive effects and also weighs anti competitive effects against the pro‐competitive effects of the practice. This implies a shift away from per se prohibitions of certain practices towards case‐by‐case analysis – a move that has been hotly debated, especially in Europe. Using a case study of the recently concluded British American Tobacco case, we study the core features of an effects‐based approach to vertical restraints. We find the approach followed in the British American Tobacco South Africa case generally consistent with an effects‐based analysis, but highlight some limitations.     

NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: The effects of contractualism and devolution on political control

This article analyzes effects and implications of New Public Management (NPM) when implemented in the civil service systems in New Zealand and Norway, focusing especially on the effects of devolution and contractualism on political control. Using a transformative perspective, we interpret these effects as a result of a melding of environmental factors, polity features and national historical-institutional constraints. Norway scores low on both environmental and internal factors enhancing administrative reform, furthering a soft version of NPM and small changes in political control. In contrast a combination of external pressure, weak countervailing cultural forces and ‘elective dictatorship’ in New Zealand produces a radical version of NPM, resulting in a weakening of central political control.     

Determinants of executive compensation in privately held firms

We examine what determines executive compensation in privately held firms. Our study is motivated by the fact that most studies in this area rely on data from publicly traded firms. Further, the few studies that are based on data from privately held firms only examine a limited number of determinants of executive compensation. Our findings indicate that the pay‐to‐performance relation is weak. Board size and ownership concentration are the only corporate governance characteristics that explain variations in executive compensation. Executive characteristics like skills, title and educational attainment all explain variations in executive compensation. Contrary to our expectations, we do not find a stronger pay‐to‐performance relation in firms with better designed bonus plans.     

水运交通对我国经济的影响研究

水运是现代综合运输体系的重要组成部分,它直接为现代工业、商业贸易服务。本文从以下3个层面,探讨了水运交通对经济的影响。首先,通过对海运承担的外贸运量和石油、铁矿石的进口量的数量分析,阐述了水运对对外贸易的支撑作用;其次,通过案例和数据,从经济格局演化、资源开发、均衡经济等角度,探究了水运对区域发展的推动作用;最后讨论了水运作为国际合作依托的重要作用。     

银行业结构与经济增长——来自中国省级面板数据的证据

内容本文利用样本期为1987-2004年的省级面板数据对中国各省区银行业结构与经济增长的关系进行了计量分析。结果表明,中国各省区银行业结构对经济增长存在着显著为负的影响,这与一般均衡模型的理论预测相一致;中国各省区银行业结构与经济增长的关系表现出了明显的区域差异,即与东部区域相比,中西部区域银行集中度降低的益处更大,更能促进经济增长;在非国有化进程较快和市场化程度较高的省区,银行集中度的降低对经济增长的积极影响更为明显。在此基础上,本文提出了一些政策建议。     

中国区域技术专业化与经济增长——基于专利数据的实证分析

基于专利数据构建技术专业化衡量指标,测度2001-2015年中国内地30个省域技术专业化系数,展现专业化模式的区域差异以及变动规律,并利用门限面板模型进一步考察不同类型技术专业化与区域经济增长之间的非线性关系。结果表明：中国省域技术分工系数总体呈现西高东低的区域特征,并出现先增后降的变化趋势;只有少数地区能在高新技术和高机会技术领域实现专业化,大部分地区仅在自身优势产业所对应的技术领域实现专业化;技术专业化与区域经济增长之间存在非线性关系,创新能力较低时,技术分工将促进经济增长,而当创新能力较高时,技术分工的作用不显著,且不同领域专业化会产生不同效果。     

人民币汇率改革的效应和趋势分析

通过对汇率改革以来人民币汇率走势和效应分析,我们认为,人民币汇率开始变得富有弹性、基本能够反映市场供求关系,而且2％的一次性升值幅度对宏观经济和企业层面的影响和冲击相对较小。但从市场趋势看,人民币还有进一步升值的空间。因此,走内需主导型发展道路、扩大对外直接投资、采取措施限制贸易顺差过快增长、加快人民币衍生产品市场建设是当前化解人民币升值压力和防范汇率风险的主要对策。     

城市房价与全要素生产率:“挤出效应”与“筛选效应”

本文主要关注城市房价对整体全要素生产率和企业个体全要素生产率影响的差异性,重点分析城市房价上涨对工业企业的"筛选效应"与"倒逼效应"。利用230个地级市数据和微观工业企业数据,采用工具变量法分别检验了房价对城市整体以及工业企业全要素生产率的差异性影响。实证结果表明,城市高房价显著抑制了城市全要素生产率水平的提升,这种抑制效应主要来自房地产投资对实体经济资金的"挤占效应"和"资源错配效应"。城市房价快速上涨对工业企业的"筛选效应",使房价快速增长城市工业企业的全要素生产率一般会较高。如果对留存企业的"倒逼效应"难以抵消房价上涨带来的效率损失时,房价快速上涨累积形成的高房价与工业企业生产率之间会存在一种"倒U型"曲线关系。城市房价快速上涨对服务业企业的"锁定效应"与生产率的"侵蚀效应",使房价快速上涨及高房价城市中工业企业全要素生产率较高,但城市整体生产率水平较低。稳健性分析也支持了以上研究结论。