Social Interaction and Beer Consumption

The aim of this article is to describe young consumers’ attitudes and conduct regarding beer consumption, analyzing the consumer as an individual (addressing internal factors) and in a collective (external factors). The research was designed in Brazil involving 52 participants, divided into 16 focus groups, and the respective data was transcribed and analyzed. The findings show three distinct types of consumers were identified. The authors termed these the Inductor, the Induced, and the Sophisticated. The article details how each type of consumer can be distinguished through different attitudes and factors. The results suggest that, rather than thinking of beer consumption as an individual item, beer consumption should be thought of as different types, involving different behavior, attitudes, and social interaction. The article demonstrates originality and value to put forward the notion that beer consumption should not be defined as an individual item. The framework offered in this article will assist future researchers to consider consumption of different types and brands of beer, based on social interaction.     

Proximity and animal welfare in the context of tourist interactions with habituated dolphins

The long-term sustainability of wildlife tourism depends on integrating visitor demands with resource management, requiring an understanding of tourist motivation. Managing the conflict between access to the animals and welfare, however, may diminish the experience for tourists. This paper identifies trade-offs tourists are willing to make between access and animal welfare, associated with feeding habituated bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Monkey Mia, Western Australia. Using a choice modelling technique, we were able to determine monetary values of visitor experiences. Compared to the current guaranteed interaction with dolphins (and a daily resort entrance fee), respondents were willing to pay significantly higher hypothetical entrance fees to avoid a decrease in proximity to, or probability of, the dolphin interaction. However, negative impacts on dolphin welfare had a negative impact on visitor utility. Over 80% of visitors (n = 244) accepted management regulations resulting in decreased time with and proximity to dolphins, if those addressed welfare concerns and were communicated clearly. Thus, while visitors placed the greatest value on the proximity and predictability, they were willing to trade off these aspects if they improved dolphin welfare. We provide management suggestions based on these results.     

Community in a recreational setting

Abstract

The loss of community and of traditional communal ties characteristic of modern industrial society has caused many people to search for alternative sources of social identification and solidarity. Recreational sites may afford some people opportunities for constructing communities on the basis of common interests. As part of an ongoing investigation, data have been gathered over several years to discover whether elements of community can be found in a marina's social system; evidence is being sought through examination of patterns of social interaction, the system of social ranking, and ties of affection that characterize the marina's social network. Data reveal a social organization at the marina comprising subgroups with complex interaction patterns, affective ties, and communal solidarity. It appears, therefore, that at this recreational site the structure and dynamics of an alternative form of community have been constructed by boaters.     

The business model in entrepreneurial marketing: A communication perspective on business angels' opportunity interpretation

Entrepreneurial marketing has emerged as a recent perspective within the marketing field, taking the challenges and characteristics of small firms and founding teams into account. Specifically, in the early stages of entrepreneurial marketing, besides potential customers a variety of other stakeholders tend to be in the center of attention. Among these stakeholders, business angels as early-stage investors represent a vital target group. In this paper, we aim to shed light on entrepreneurial marketing in the early phases of new venture creation, in which entrepreneurial firms have an inherent need to market the value of a business opportunity toward potential investors. In particular, we contribute to the literature by introducing the business model as a narrative device for the marketing of early-stage new ventures toward potential business angels. In this regard, the business model is suggested as playing a critical role through making the inherent economic value of a technology explicit. Building on narrative theory, we investigate the role that the business model plays in the decision-making process of 17 business angels. Based on our findings, we propose a model that links the business model to a business angel's interpretation of an investment opportunity and discuss implications for theory and practice.     

论广义语义场和狭义语义场的互动——以汉语“东、南、西、北”方位词语义场为例

拟以汉语"东、南、西、北"四个方位词的关系义场为例,揭示各级各类语义场的互动性特征。意在说明对汉语词义的理解、描写和应用要兼顾其在语义网络中的运动状态。     

旅游在保护区CHANS中的交互作用——以九寨沟国家级自然保护区为例

通过历史访谈、田野调查,结合遥感影像、环境监测和相关统计数据,从交互过程和交互效应两个维度,以定性和定量的方式探讨了旅游在保护区CHANS系统中的交互作用。结果表明:(1)根据管理者、居民、游客的态度和行为,近30年来,九寨沟旅游的交互过程可分为起步、发展、提速、提升4个阶段,各阶段旅游交互作用的内容、程度有所差异;(2)旅游显著提高了当地的环保意识和保护成效,植被覆盖度持续提高并趋于稳定;(3)旅游给九寨沟带来约10dB环境噪声,但旅游人数与湖泊面积和环境噪声的变化无显著的相关关系;(4)旅游显著提高了保护区居民的经济收入,但其文化、生活方式已有较大改变;(5)旅游管理的方法和手段能有效调控交互过程和交互效应。     

课堂师生互动 提高课堂效率

在当今这个知识腾飞的年代,掌握知识的多少已经不是教学的最终目标,如何学会知识这才是最重要的。新课改理念下的师生互动就是克服传统课堂中的单一枯燥的教学行为,打破课堂的沉闷,让学生在一种愉悦亢奋的状态中主动学习、积极思考。基础教育的任务不仅仅是传授知识,更重要的是让学生学会学习,培养可持续的学习动机和终身学习的愿望和能力。本文通过对师生互动的前提、师生互动的保证、师生互动的基础、师生互动的内在动力、师生互动的修养、师生互动的提问等几个方面来阐述如何落实师生互动,提高课堂效率,使师生互动的价值在数学课中真正显现出来。     

我国生产性服务业与制造业互动需求结构及发展态势

本研究采用投入产出法与比较分析方法,对典型国家(或地区)的生产性服务业与制造业的互动需求结构进行分析。研究发现,经济发展水平、服务业发展水平、生产性服务业性质、制造业性质四方面是影响生产性服务业与制造业需求结构的重要因素。本文从四要素发展特点总结了生产性服务业与制造业需求的国际发展态势,即随着经济发展水平与服务业发展水平的提高,生产性服务业由对制造业需求显著转为对自身需求显著,而生产性服务业内部由以非知识密集型服务业为主导逐步转向以知识密集型服务业为主导。结合我国现状,本文最后提出了推动我国两类产业互动发展的若干政策建议。     

基于“服务交互”视角“中国服务”的餐饮特色培育研究

培育中国特色的餐饮服务对于本土餐饮品牌的经营与发展意义重大。本文在"中国服务"的内涵基础上,阐明"中国服务"的餐饮特色的内涵与特征;明确使"中国服务"成为走向世界的、独具中国特色的服务品牌,是培育"中国服务"的餐饮特色的核心目标,也是餐饮业发展的长远之计;基于"服务交互"的视角,为培育"中国服务"的餐饮特色,打造中国特色餐饮品牌的管理实践提供方法指导。旨在为餐饮业服务品质的提升,尤其是为本土中高端餐饮品牌的健康发展提供有益的参考。     

要素价格扭曲与经济失衡之间的互动关系研究

劳动力、资本、能源三种生产要素价格扭曲与宏观经济失衡之间存在互动关系。通过建立超越对数生产函数,估算改革开放以来中国劳动力、资本、能源三种生产要素价格的绝对和相对扭曲程度,继而建立VAR模型,考察各内生变量之间的脉冲响应关系。研究表明,要素价格扭曲和宏观经济失衡之间存在相互强化的互动关系。应从调整供给结构、增加政府民生支出、改革要素价格形成机制、提高生产效率等多方面着手,实现宏观经济再平衡。